US3406018A - Chemistry furnace - Google Patents

Chemistry furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3406018A
US3406018A US415771A US41577164A US3406018A US 3406018 A US3406018 A US 3406018A US 415771 A US415771 A US 415771A US 41577164 A US41577164 A US 41577164A US 3406018 A US3406018 A US 3406018A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
reflector
ceramic
disposed
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US415771A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rosin Seymour
Isreeli Jack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technicon Corp
Original Assignee
Technicon Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technicon Corp filed Critical Technicon Corp
Priority to US415771A priority Critical patent/US3406018A/en
Priority to GB47851/65A priority patent/GB1093565A/en
Priority to DE19651673113 priority patent/DE1673113A1/de
Priority to CH1650765A priority patent/CH443572A/de
Priority to SE15627/65A priority patent/SE324914B/xx
Priority to BE673194D priority patent/BE673194A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3406018A publication Critical patent/US3406018A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/2425—Tubular reactors in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
    • F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00 specially designed for laboratory use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2219/00135—Electric resistance heaters

Definitions

  • a chemistry furnace comprises an inner sample receiving tube surrounded by tubular heaters, all enclosed by a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two portions, each formed of a glass base element with a reflective metal film on the inner and outer base thereof.
  • the assembly is supported by ceramic end plates which are overlaid by metal end reflectors.
  • This invention relates to an apparatus for the combustion of materials, and, especially, to a tube furnace for use with a gas analytical system.
  • Materials are commonly analyzed by combustion by placing the sample to be analyzed in a combustion tube which is then heated to decompose the sample.
  • a catalyst is disposed downstream of the sample to assist in the breaking down of the gases from the combustion, after which the products are passed through absorption agents.
  • An apparatus of this type is shown in the US. Patent No. 3,241,922, issued to Walter Walisch on Mar. 22, 1966.
  • a feature of this invention is the provision of a reflector formed of an insulator having an interior and an exterior reflective coating thereon.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a furnace embodying this invention
  • FIGURE 2 i a front elevation, in longitudinal section taken along line 22 of FIGURE 1, of the furnace;
  • FIGURE 3 is an end elevation of the furnace
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective View of the reflectors
  • FIGURE 5 is a longitudinal section taken along line 5-5 of FIGURE 4 of the reflector.
  • the furnace includes a central glass or ceramic tube into which the sample material is disposed, a plurality of heater rods 12, here shown as four in number, a tubular reflector longitudinally split into an upper reflector 14 and a lower reflector 16, and two end portions which serve to hold the assembly together.
  • the combustion tube 10 is about one inch in diameter and some twelve inches long. It is heated by the heater rods 12 to a temperature in the order of 900 C. In order to maintain this temperature, power must be supplied to the furnace, in this case by electricity to the heater rods. The amount of power required depends on the heat loss sustained by the furnace. If no heat were lost from the furnace to the surrounding medium, no further power would be required after the required temperature level was attained. As is Well known, heat is transferred in three ways: by conduction, by convection and by radiation. Where the temperature differential is high, as in this case, the transfer by radiation is the most significant. Materials are classified with respect to radiation transfer 3,406,018 Patented Oct. 15, 1968 "ice by how nearly they approach a black body.
  • a perfect black body absorbs all of the radiation incident thereupon, and radiates energy responsive to its temperature according to Plancks radiation equation.
  • a grey body absorbs less and radiates less energy.
  • a perfect reflector neither absorbs nor radiates energy. To obtain a minimum heat transfer by radiation the furnace is therefore enclosed by as perfect a reflector as can be achieved economically.
  • the furnace is enclosed by a tubular reflector, made in two portions 14 and 16, about 3 /2 inches in diameter.
  • the tube is made of a sheet of glass 18 and is provided with a reflective coating 20 on its inner surface. This coating is chosen to be highly eificient in the infra-red wavelengths and able to withstand the high temperatures involved.
  • Gold and rhodium are exemplary of suitable materials; and may be vapor deposited on the glass as a film.
  • the end portions of the furnace each include a ceramic disc 26 having a peripheral slot 28 therein, dividing the disc into an inner portion 30 and an outer portion 32.
  • the inner portion 30 has a uniform radius.
  • the outer portion 32 has three recesses 34, 36 and 38 which are radially coextensive with the peripheral slot 28.
  • An annular disc 40 which may be made of aluminum, is mounted onto the disc 26 in the slot 28 by means of three inward going projections 42, 44 and 46.
  • the recesses 34, 36 and 38 of the ceramic disc and the projections 42, 44 and 46 of the annular disc interengage in the manner of a bayonet lock.
  • Each of the two annular discs 40 has a double tab 48 fixed thereto by a pair of nuts 50 and bolts 52, and this tab- 48 is fixed to an upright support 54, which thus holds the annular disc in a vertical plane.
  • the two supports 54 are mounted to a base not shown, at a given spacing apart.
  • Each disc also has two tabs 56 and 58 fixed thereto by similar nuts and bolts, each having a horizontally inwardly bent portion 56A and 58A respectively.
  • Each end of the lower reflector portion 16 is disposed between the periphery of the annular disc 40 and the bent portions of the lower tabs 56A and 58A.
  • Each annular disc also has an upper tab 60 fixed thereto by a nut and bolt 61 and 63. The upper reflector portion is supported on its downward facing edges 62 and 64 by the upward facing edges 66 and 68 of the lower portion 16, by the upper peripheries of the annular discs 40. and held between the two tabs 60.
  • Each ceramic disc 26 has a central aperture 70 which receives and supports the combustion tube 10.
  • Each disc also has four radially spaced apart bolts 72 which receive and support the ends of the four heater rods 12.
  • Each hole 72 has an inwardly directed step recess 74 so that the respective rod 12 may pass through the hole 72 and then fall into the recess 74.
  • Each heater rod 12 consists of a glass or ceramic tube having an electric resistance wire 76 therein. The ends of the resistance wires pass out through the tubes, the holes 72, and are fixed to terminals 78, to which the input power conductors 80 are also fixed.
  • Two additional end plate assemblies may be disposed outside of the furnace spaced from each end plate 40.
  • Each end plate assembly is formed of two substantially semicircular aluminum plates 82 and 84.
  • the two plates are pivotally mounted to an extension 61A of the bolt 61.
  • the straight edges of the two plates overlap, except at the pivot remote portions thereof which are exactly on the diameter and are bent slightly inwardly and outwardly respectively to form abutting surfaces, and at the medial portions thereof which are cut out to encircle the central tube 10.
  • a furnace comprising: a receptacle for supporting material to be heated; power means for supplying heat to said receptacle; and a reflector, substantially enclosing said receptacle and said power means, said reflector including a base element, an inner reflective coating thereon, and an outer reflective coating thereon.
  • a furnace comprising: a tubular receptacle for supporting material to be heated; power means for supplying heat to said receptacle; and a tubular reflector, substantially enclosing said receptacle and said power means, said tubular reflector including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal film thereon, and an outer reflective metal film thereon.
  • a furnace comprising: a tubular receptacle for supporting material to be heated; power means for supplying heat to said receptacle; and a tubular reflector, substantially enclosing said receptacle and said tubular reflector longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal film thereon, and an outer reflective metal film thereon.
  • a furnace comprising: two fixedly spaced apart ceramic end plates, each end plate having a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures; a tube disposed through, between and extending beyond said central apertures for supporting material to be heated; power means disposed within and between said additional apertures; a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal coating thereon, and an outer reflective metal coating thereon; two support means, each securing one end of said reflector to a respective one of said end plates.
  • a furnace comprising: two fixedly spaced apart ceramic end plates, each end plate having a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures; a tube disposed through, between and extending beyond said central apertures for supporting material to be heated; power means disposed within and between said additional apertures; a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal coating thereon, and an outer reflective metal coating thereon; and two support means, each securing one end of said reflector to a respective one of said end plates; and two additional reflector means, each disposed beyond a respective end plate and passing said tube therethrough.
  • a furnace comprising: two fixedly spaced apart ceramic end plates, each end plate having a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures; a tube disposed through, between and extending beyond said central apertures for supporting material to be heated; elongated heating elements disposed within and between said additional apertures; a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal coating thereon, and an outer reflective metal coating thereon; two annular end plates, each disposed on a respective one of said ceramic end plates, and securing a respective one end of said reflector thereto.
  • a furnace comprising: two fixedly spaced apart ceramic end plates, each end plate having a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures; a tube disposed through, between and extending beyond said central apertures for supporting material to be heated; elongated heating elements disposed within and between said additional apertures; a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal coating thereon, and an outer reflective metal coating thereon; and two annular end plates, each disposed on a respective one of said ceramic end plates, and securing .a respective one end of said reflector thereto; and two additional reflector plates, each divided into two portions, pivotally mounted to and disposed beyond a respective one of said annular end plates.
  • a furnace comprising: two fixedly spaced apart ceramic end plates, each end plate having a central aperture and a plurality of additional apertures; a tube disposed through, between and extending beyond said central apertures for supporting material to be heated; elongated heating elements disposed within and between said additional apertures; a tubular reflector, longitudinally divided into two symmetrical portions, each including a ceramic element, an inner reflective metal coating thereon, and an outer reflective metal coating thereon; two annular end plates, each disposed on a respective one of said ceramic end plates, and having a plurality of tabs for securing a respective One end of said reflector thereto.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
US415771A 1964-12-03 1964-12-03 Chemistry furnace Expired - Lifetime US3406018A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US415771A US3406018A (en) 1964-12-03 1964-12-03 Chemistry furnace
GB47851/65A GB1093565A (en) 1964-12-03 1965-11-11 Improvements in or relating to combustion furnaces
DE19651673113 DE1673113A1 (de) 1964-12-03 1965-11-27 Chemischer Ofen
CH1650765A CH443572A (de) 1964-12-03 1965-11-30 Chemischer Ofen
SE15627/65A SE324914B (de) 1964-12-03 1965-12-02
BE673194D BE673194A (de) 1964-12-03 1965-12-02

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US415771A US3406018A (en) 1964-12-03 1964-12-03 Chemistry furnace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3406018A true US3406018A (en) 1968-10-15

Family

ID=23647124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US415771A Expired - Lifetime US3406018A (en) 1964-12-03 1964-12-03 Chemistry furnace

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3406018A (de)
BE (1) BE673194A (de)
CH (1) CH443572A (de)
DE (1) DE1673113A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1093565A (de)
SE (1) SE324914B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4885454A (en) * 1988-04-29 1989-12-05 Centorr Associates, Inc. High temperature furnace for oxidizing atmospheres
WO1994024485A1 (de) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-27 Gerhard Lindemann Thermische zersetzung im saphir-hochtemperaturofen
US20070242273A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-18 Gunther Krieg Spectroscopic device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113551522B (zh) * 2021-06-10 2023-02-03 芜湖映日科技股份有限公司 一种循环共用炉床的高温烧结设备

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1816476A (en) * 1926-09-07 1931-07-28 American Thermos Bottle Co Manufacture of double-walled receptacles
US2060136A (en) * 1932-03-05 1936-11-10 Scovill Manufacturing Co Electric furnace
US2322159A (en) * 1941-09-29 1943-06-15 Edward T Saxer Analytical furnace
US2422609A (en) * 1936-12-10 1947-06-17 Auwarter Max Production of metallic surface layers
US2464256A (en) * 1944-02-05 1949-03-15 Donald M Packer Front-surface reflector and method of making same
US2787457A (en) * 1954-05-14 1957-04-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp High temperature furnace
US2954826A (en) * 1957-12-02 1960-10-04 William E Sievers Heated well production string
US3105772A (en) * 1958-10-24 1963-10-01 Union Des Verreries Mecaniques Process for the deposition of precious metals on glass and on vitrified ceramics, and products obtained by this process
US3241922A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Instrumentation for the automatic, simultaneous ultramicro determination of the c-h-n contents of organic compounds

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1816476A (en) * 1926-09-07 1931-07-28 American Thermos Bottle Co Manufacture of double-walled receptacles
US2060136A (en) * 1932-03-05 1936-11-10 Scovill Manufacturing Co Electric furnace
US2422609A (en) * 1936-12-10 1947-06-17 Auwarter Max Production of metallic surface layers
US2322159A (en) * 1941-09-29 1943-06-15 Edward T Saxer Analytical furnace
US2464256A (en) * 1944-02-05 1949-03-15 Donald M Packer Front-surface reflector and method of making same
US2787457A (en) * 1954-05-14 1957-04-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp High temperature furnace
US2954826A (en) * 1957-12-02 1960-10-04 William E Sievers Heated well production string
US3105772A (en) * 1958-10-24 1963-10-01 Union Des Verreries Mecaniques Process for the deposition of precious metals on glass and on vitrified ceramics, and products obtained by this process
US3241922A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Instrumentation for the automatic, simultaneous ultramicro determination of the c-h-n contents of organic compounds

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4885454A (en) * 1988-04-29 1989-12-05 Centorr Associates, Inc. High temperature furnace for oxidizing atmospheres
WO1994024485A1 (de) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-27 Gerhard Lindemann Thermische zersetzung im saphir-hochtemperaturofen
US20070242273A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-18 Gunther Krieg Spectroscopic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE324914B (de) 1970-06-15
BE673194A (de) 1966-06-02
DE1673113A1 (de) 1972-01-13
GB1093565A (en) 1967-12-06
CH443572A (de) 1967-09-15

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