US3410686A - Development of images - Google Patents

Development of images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3410686A
US3410686A US379164A US37916464A US3410686A US 3410686 A US3410686 A US 3410686A US 379164 A US379164 A US 379164A US 37916464 A US37916464 A US 37916464A US 3410686 A US3410686 A US 3410686A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
diazotype
pattern
infra
image
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US379164A
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English (en)
Inventor
Merle P Prater
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US379164A priority Critical patent/US3410686A/en
Priority to NL6507675A priority patent/NL6507675A/xx
Priority to GB26071/65A priority patent/GB1114291A/en
Priority to DE1497162A priority patent/DE1497162C3/de
Priority to CH895865A priority patent/CH446898A/de
Priority to FR22652A priority patent/FR1438027A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3410686A publication Critical patent/US3410686A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/52—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/60—Processes for obtaining vesicular images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/06—Developing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/026—Layers in which during the irradiation a chemical reaction occurs whereby electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for chemixerography
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/145—Infrared

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for the selective development of images in light-sensitive, thermally developable diazotype compositions of either the vesicular or color-forming type by placing an electric charge corresponding to the desired image on the surface of the diazotype element, adhering oppositely charged, infra-red absorbing toner particles to the electric charge pattern and exposing the element to infrared radiation to selectively heat the toner particles thereby developing the image.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the selective development of images on copying materials, such as thermally developable film, copying papers or the like.
  • Vesicular materials are ordinarily developed by selective exposure to ultravioletlight followed by heating. Certain other diazonium formulations may be developed by heat to give colored or dye images.
  • the present invention provides a new method for the development of elements comprising thermally developable diazotype compositions of either the vesicular or color-forming type.
  • FIGURES la through 1f are cross-sectional, edge views of thermally developable diazotype elements having a high dielectric surface during various stages of development to form a vesicular image in accordance with the present method, and
  • FIGURES 2a through 2f are crosssectional, edge views of thermally developable diazotype elements having a high dielectric surface during various stages of development toform a colored image in accordance with the present invention.
  • thermal diazotype compositions incorporated in films, copying papers or like elements are selectively developed by first forming on the surface of the element an electrically charged pattern corresponding to the desired image.
  • the electrically charged pattern may be produced in a number of ways, ⁇ such as by charge transfer from a photo-conductor, by impinging with an electron beam, or by applying a charged stylus tothe surface of the element.
  • the thermal diazotype element is of the type which yields as vesicular image
  • the entire surface of the element is exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
  • the lightsensitive diazotype compound in the element is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation to yield nitrogen, as small nucleating centers, which remains entrapped in the film.
  • the element is then coated with high melting point infra-red absorbing toner particles which have an electrical charge opposite to the charge of the pattern on the surface of the element.
  • the infra-red absorbing toner 3,410,686 Patented Nov. 12, 1968 particles may be applied by any well-known technique, such as cascading, fur brush, magnetic brush, powder cloud, etc. These particles adhere to the surface of the film at those points where the oppositely, electrically charged pattern is present. The excess toner is carried away from the uncharged portions of the surface by the toner applicator.
  • the element, bearing the toner particles in the form of an image pattern, is then exposed to infra-red radiation which efficiently imparts point sources of heat to the film underneath the toner particles.
  • the heat causes the nitrogen gas in the nucleating centers to expand and develop an image corresponding to the chargedv and toned pattern.
  • the unmelted toner particles are then removed from the surface of the film for reuse, if required.
  • the removal of the infra-red absorbing toner on the surface is accom plished by brushing, vacuuming, or cascading of carrier beads.
  • the first step of the method comprises the formation on the surface of the diazotype element of a charged pattern corresponding to the desired image.
  • toner particles having an electrical charge opposite to that of the charged pattern, are next applied to the element to form a pattern of infra-red absorbing toner particles adhered to the electrically charged pattern.
  • the element coated with a patterned layer of the electrically charged and infra-red absorbing particles is then exposed to ultraviolet light to decompose the lightsensitive diazotype compound in those areas of the film not masked or screened by the toner particles.
  • the element is then exposed to infra-red radiation.
  • the presence of the infra-red -absorbing particles causes the areas of the diazotype element underneath the particles to be heated selectively to a temperature at which the thermal diazotype composition is developed.
  • the development of the image could also be effected by brushing off the toner and applying conventional alkaline developing uids to the surface of the element.
  • Most thermally developable diazotype elements are also capable of alkaline development in this manner.
  • the unmelted toner particles are removed from the surface of the film.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in that it allows a much more efficient use of heat sources in the thermal development of images.
  • machines using the present method may be made smaller and more compact and may more easily be kept at ambient temperature, thus lessening the need for ventilation and cooling of the device.
  • the starting element 10 comprises a substrate 11 coated on one surface with a film 12 of a light-sensitive diazotype composition.
  • the element could also be in the form of a self-supporting ⁇ film containing the diazotype compounds.
  • Elements capable of forming vesicular images through the decomposition of diazotype compounds t yield IHUO gen and subsequent heating are well known in the art.
  • the materials described in U.S. Patent 3,032,414, James et al., issued May 1, 1962, and a number lof other issued patents may be used in the present invention.
  • the surface of film 12 is then charged with an electrically conductive pattern 13 corresponding to'the desired image.
  • this .pattern can be produced in any conventional manner, such as by transfer from a photoconductor, by impinging an electron ibeam on the surface, or by use of a charged stylus.
  • the charged pattern may be an original, may ybe taken from another original, or may be enlarged or reduced from another film transparency, thus forming a copy.
  • the element 10, provided with charge pattern 13 is then exposed uniformly to ultraviolet radiation which interacts with the lightsensitive diazotype compound and produces nitrogen.
  • ultraviolet radiation which interacts with the lightsensitive diazotype compound and produces nitrogen.
  • yother photo-sensitive gas producing compounds, besides diazotype materials, may also be developed in this manner.
  • nucleating centers 0f gas, such as nitrogen, within film 12 are indicated ⁇ by small dots 14.
  • Nucleating centers 114 constitute the basis for the development of the vesicular image.
  • the charged surface of the film is dusted with infra-red absorbing, high melting point toner particles 15 which have a trieboelectric charge which is opposite to that of the electrically charged pattern.
  • the toner particles are attracted to and adhere to the electrically charged pattern.
  • the excess particles are carried away from the uncharged portions of the surface of film 12 by the toner carrier or applicator. This results in the formation of a toner pattern on top of the electrically charged pattern.
  • Suitable toner particles include caribou black, or any commercial toners, such as Xerox 939, having a melting point sufficiently high to cause nucleating center development without fusing to the surface of the film.
  • the element is then exposed to infra-red radiation (indicated by arrows) which selectively heats the regions coated with the infra-red absorbing particles to a temperature which results in rapid expansion of the underlying nitrogen nucleating centers 14 to form larger cells 16.
  • Cells 16 result in the scattering of light passing through the Ifilm and provide an image corresponding to the superimposed toner patterns.
  • the heating of the untoned areas is kept to a low temperature so that bubbles or light-scattering centers are not formed in those portions of the film. Nitrogen or Ether gas in those areas then gradually diffuses out of the The toner particles are then removed from the surface of the film leaving the substrate 11, the surface diazotype film 12 and a vesicular image 16 corresponding to the original charge pattern 13.
  • the removal of the toner particles may 'be accomplished hy brushing, vacuuming or cascading glass beads in a reverse trieboelectric pickup.
  • the initial element 20 may comprise a color-forming thermal diazotype film 22 coated on a substrate 21.
  • Thermal diazotype compositions which are developable by heat to produce colored images are well known in the art. Examples of thermally developable diazotype materials are described in copending U.S. patent applications, S/N 325,171, now Patent No. 3,307,952, and S/N 325,l55, now Patent No. 3,303,028 of Claude Aebi, assigned to the assignee of the present application, as well as in numerous issued patents. u
  • the thermal diazotype element 20 is provided with an electrically charged pattern 23 corresponding to the desired image. This may be done in the same manner as was done in developing vesicular images as previously described, and results in an element having a charged surface as Shown in FIGURE 2b.
  • the charged element 20 is then brushed or cascaded ywith toner particles 24 which have a trieboelectric electric charge opposite to the charge of the pattern 23 carried on the surface of film 22. No toner particles will remain in the uncharged portions of film 22 because there is no charge to remove or attract the toner from the toner carrier or applicator.
  • the element 20 is then exposed to ultra-violet light (indicated by arrows) to decompose the thermal diazotype compound in film 22 in those areas 25 which are not screened by toner particles 214.
  • the element is next eX- posed to infra-red radiation (indicated yby airows).
  • the particles absorb the infra-red energy and create point sources of heat which is transferred to the unexposed sections of film 22 underneath the toner particles. This results in the development of an image 26 by color-forming reaction of the thermal diazotype composition in film 22.
  • the image 26 may also be developed at this point by treating the element with an alkaline developing fluid, such as aqueous ammonia or ammonia gas.
  • an alkaline developing fluid such as aqueous ammonia or ammonia gas.
  • the infra-red absorbing toner particles may then be removed from the surface of film 22, leaving the thermal diazotype image 26 which corresponds to the original electrically charged pattern 23.
  • Example 1 A polyethylene terephthalate substrate is coated with a film of a diazotype material having the following composition:
  • the surface of the charged element is then flooded with ultraviolet light between 3400 A. and 4400 A. at an energy level of approximately .4 watt second/cm.2 which results in the decomposition of the light-sensitive diazonium sensitizer compound yielding nitrogen nucleating centers.
  • Finely divided infra-red sensitive, high melting point, carbon black toner particles having a particle diameter in the range of from about 0.5 to 5.0 microns, are trieboelectrically charged opposite to the charge on the surface of the film.
  • the charged infra-red absorbing toner particles and carrier are then brushed over the surface of the element and adhere to the surface where the pattern of opposite electrical charge is present.
  • the surface of the element with toned image is then exposed to infrared radiation for a few seconds to raise the temperature of the infra-red absorbing particles to about "-190" F The infra-red the surface.
  • a vesicular 6 image iS formed in the flrn which has the Same Coneuraexposing the entire element to ultraviolet radiation to [1011 3S the Orlgllal e1etf1a11y Charged Pattern form nitrogen nucleating centers in said element,
  • Example 2 substantially.immediately adhering toner particles to said electrically charged pattern, said toner particles A polyethylene terePhthala/ Support 1S coated WM) a 5 comprising infra-red absorbing material having an thermal developable diazotype Ematerial of the following electrical charge Opposite to the Charge of said pat composition: tem, and
  • the surface of. .the.resutlng Cqatmg Pf the thermal developable, light-sensitive diazotype element capable of dlazotype composition 1S then provlded Wlth an electrical undergoing a color-forming reaction at elevated temperacharge by Sannmg an electron beam OVfar the Surfac of tures, said element comprising a light-sensitive layer, said the coating in a vacuum to trace the outline of the desired layer comprising a diaz() compound and an azo coup1ing image' 20 component, consisting essentially of the steps of: Nexf" the charged Surface 1S.cascadefi Wlth hlgh melt providing an electrically charged pattern on the surface ing point Xerox 939 toner particles which have a charge of Said element, opposite 10 the,e1ectr1ca l charge of th?
  • the element is exposed to infra-red radiation exposing Said element to infrared radiation to heat Whloh 1S a'bsorbed by toe toner parool provlomg high selectively said infra-red absorbing toner particles local heatmg offfho dlazotype lm ,beneath the toner and transmit heat selectively to said element to pattern.
  • the heating is continued to raise the temperature develop the diazotype element in ,hose areas which of the lmfo' about 159i C- to deYeloP a Colored Image 35 are adjacent to the infra-red absorbing particles and corresponding to the original electrically charged pattern.
  • 96-91 X developable, light-sensitive diazotype element capable of 3,189,455 6/1965 DaeCh 96-49 X yielding a vesicular image
  • said element comprising a 3,194,659 7/ 1965 BituS et al 96-49X light-sensitive layer, said layer comprising a resinous 3,224,354 12/1965 DIZ-gell et al 96-49 X vehicle and a diazo compound, consisting essentially of 3,224,878 12/ 1965 KllmkOWSki et al. 96-49 the steps of:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
US379164A 1964-06-30 1964-06-30 Development of images Expired - Lifetime US3410686A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US379164A US3410686A (en) 1964-06-30 1964-06-30 Development of images
NL6507675A NL6507675A (de) 1964-06-30 1965-06-16
GB26071/65A GB1114291A (en) 1964-06-30 1965-06-21 A method of forming an image in a radiation sensitive diazotype element
DE1497162A DE1497162C3 (de) 1964-06-30 1965-06-24 Elektrophotographisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kopien
CH895865A CH446898A (de) 1964-06-30 1965-06-25 Verfahren zur elektrophotographischen Erzeugung von Bildern
FR22652A FR1438027A (fr) 1964-06-30 1965-06-29 Développement d'images

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US379164A US3410686A (en) 1964-06-30 1964-06-30 Development of images

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US3410686A true US3410686A (en) 1968-11-12

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CH (1) CH446898A (de)
DE (1) DE1497162C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1114291A (de)
NL (1) NL6507675A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3515549A (en) * 1965-09-27 1970-06-02 Bell & Howell Co Photoelectrosolographic article and method utilizing diazo material
US4042391A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-08-16 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. Process for forming vesicular photographic images by employing simultaneous actinic light and infra-red reflex exposure
US4291109A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-09-22 Eastman Kodak Company Additive color imaging using a silverless recording element
US4540644A (en) * 1970-12-21 1985-09-10 Ezekiel Jacob J Xerographic toner composition for producing raised images

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911299A (en) * 1952-07-22 1959-11-03 Kalvar Corp System of photographic reproduction
US2916622A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-12-08 Kalvar Corp Methods and apparatus for copying
US2939787A (en) * 1957-03-01 1960-06-07 Rca Corp Exposure of photochemical compositions
US3113022A (en) * 1959-02-26 1963-12-03 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic process
US3189455A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-06-15 Kalvar Corp Vesicular photographic materials containing a polyamide vehicle
US3194659A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-07-13 Kalvar Corp Reflex copying method using heat developable light scattering materials
US3224354A (en) * 1960-07-07 1965-12-21 Dietzgen Co Eugene Apparatus for making copies on ray sensitive sheets upon exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation
US3224878A (en) * 1961-12-01 1965-12-21 Dietzgen Co Eugene Thermographic diazotype reproduction material, method of making and method of using
US3226227A (en) * 1960-09-02 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Method of producing a solvent-resistant pattern using developed electrostatic image formation techniques

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911299A (en) * 1952-07-22 1959-11-03 Kalvar Corp System of photographic reproduction
US2916622A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-12-08 Kalvar Corp Methods and apparatus for copying
US2939787A (en) * 1957-03-01 1960-06-07 Rca Corp Exposure of photochemical compositions
US3113022A (en) * 1959-02-26 1963-12-03 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic process
US3224354A (en) * 1960-07-07 1965-12-21 Dietzgen Co Eugene Apparatus for making copies on ray sensitive sheets upon exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation
US3226227A (en) * 1960-09-02 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Method of producing a solvent-resistant pattern using developed electrostatic image formation techniques
US3194659A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-07-13 Kalvar Corp Reflex copying method using heat developable light scattering materials
US3224878A (en) * 1961-12-01 1965-12-21 Dietzgen Co Eugene Thermographic diazotype reproduction material, method of making and method of using
US3189455A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-06-15 Kalvar Corp Vesicular photographic materials containing a polyamide vehicle

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3515549A (en) * 1965-09-27 1970-06-02 Bell & Howell Co Photoelectrosolographic article and method utilizing diazo material
US4540644A (en) * 1970-12-21 1985-09-10 Ezekiel Jacob J Xerographic toner composition for producing raised images
US4042391A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-08-16 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. Process for forming vesicular photographic images by employing simultaneous actinic light and infra-red reflex exposure
US4291109A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-09-22 Eastman Kodak Company Additive color imaging using a silverless recording element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1497162B2 (de) 1974-08-15
DE1497162C3 (de) 1975-04-24
NL6507675A (de) 1965-12-31
DE1497162A1 (de) 1969-04-24
CH446898A (de) 1967-11-15
GB1114291A (en) 1968-05-22

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