US3415422A - Aerosol dispenser with differentially permeable receptacles - Google Patents

Aerosol dispenser with differentially permeable receptacles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3415422A
US3415422A US638944A US63894467A US3415422A US 3415422 A US3415422 A US 3415422A US 638944 A US638944 A US 638944A US 63894467 A US63894467 A US 63894467A US 3415422 A US3415422 A US 3415422A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
propellant
product container
cartridge
escape
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US638944A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rousselot Felix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novartis Corp
Original Assignee
Geigy Chemical Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3415422A publication Critical patent/US3415422A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
    • B65D83/60—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
    • B65D83/60—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated
    • B65D83/66—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated initially separated and subsequently mixed, e.g. in a dispensing head

Definitions

  • a push-button dispensing apparatus for dispensing solid or liquid material in a timely-divided state, and comprising a product container containing the active agent to be distributed, a propellant cartridge within said product container and containing a liquefied propellant gas, the said apparatus further cornprising a valve, a push-button valve actuator actuating the valve, the valve including a high pressure obturation means for the propellant c-artridge and low pressure obturation means respectively controlling the outlet of the active agent and the admission of air from outside the product container into the product container, the wall of the product container being more permeable to the propellant than the cartridge and the rate of escape of the propellant by permeation through the product container wall being greater than the total rate of escape of propellant from the cartridge into the product container.
  • This invention relates to dispensing appliances of the aerosol bomb type, permitting the dispensing of a solid or liquid substance in a finely divided state, the said dispensing consisting, in the case of a liquid, of atomization.
  • This invention is more particularly directed to lan appliance of a type known per se which comprises two receptacles placed one within the other, the outer receptacle being a product container containing the product to be dispensed (hereinafter called the active agent) and the inner receptacle being a cartridge containing the propellant, which is usually liquefied gas under pressure.
  • the active agent a product container containing the product to be dispensed
  • the inner receptacle being a cartridge containing the propellant, which is usually liquefied gas under pressure.
  • the dispensing appliance comprises a push-button valve actuator which on the one hand actuates a high pressure obturating -means and on the other hand actuates la low pressure obturating means.
  • the low pressure obturating means on the one hand controls the passage of the active agent toward the atomization nozzle situated in the pushbutton, and on the other hand permits the entry of air into the outer receptacle from outside the receptacle to ensure equality of pressure between the interior of the product container and the atmosphere.
  • dispensers oier a number of advantages as compared to dispensers comprising a single receptacle in which the propellant and active agent are mixed.
  • a drawback with dispensers of the type having two receptacles is that the propellant tends to pass from the propellant cartridge into the product container, so that the pressure within the latter is gradually increased. It may then expand, the pressure may cause escape of liquid and the propellant gas may possibly dissolve or react with the active liquid, causing a change in the latter.
  • the push-button dispensing appliance of the aerosol dispenser type, -for dispensing a iinely divided solid or liquid, comprises an outer receptacle which is a product container of plastic material, containing the active agent to be dispensed and in which is accommodated an inner receptacle which is a propellant cartridge containing a liquelied propellant gas, a Valve controlled by the push-button valve actuator and comprising a high pressure obturating means for the propellant and low pressure obturating means controlling the escape of the active agent and also the admission ot air into the product container.
  • the wall ot the product container is sutliciently permeable to the propellant that it permits a rate of escape of the propellant greater than the overall rate of escape of propellant from the propel lant cartridge into the product container.
  • the outer receptacle is a product container containing the 4active agent 2 and in which is accommodated a propellant cartridge 3 containing the liquefied propellant 4.
  • the product container 1 is closed by a cap 5 carrying a support 6 having -a collar 7 extending therefrom into which the neck of the propellant cartridge 3 iits.
  • a push-button valve actuator 8 containing an atomization nozzle 9 and controlling a high pressure obturation member 11 having a exible high pressure sealing gasket (not visible) controlling the flow of the propellant towards the nozzle 9, and low pressure obturating means, constituted by a low pressure sealing gasket 12 accommodated between the cap 5 and the support 6.
  • the gasket 12 controls the iiow of the liquid Afrom the product container 1 drawn through the dip tube 13 towards the nozzle 9.
  • This gasket I also controls the admission of air from outside the product container into the container 1.
  • the material of the product container 1 is suiiciently permeable to the propellant so that the overall rate of escape of the propellant 4 by permeation through the container wall is definitely greater than the corresponding rate of escape of propellant from the cartridge 3, through the plastic components and through the flexible gasket of the high pressure obturator member 11 and finally escape past the said high pressure obturation member.
  • the high pressure obturator discharge permitting direct passage of the gaseous propellant from the cartridge into the product container.
  • the quantity of gas (generally rather small) which escapes from the cartridge 3 into the product container cannot accumulate in the product container, but rather diffuses gradually through the wall of the product container into the atmosphere.
  • the escape from the cartridge does not therefore cause any danger of swelling, nor, a fortieri, of bursting the product container, nor any danger of escape of liquid because of overpressure within the product container or again of any reaction of the propellant with the active liquid contained in the said container.
  • F is greater than fl-l-fZ-l-fg (l) Where F designates the rate of escape of the propellant permeating through the Wall of the product container;
  • f1 is the rate of escape of the propellant permeating through the Wall of the cartridge
  • f2 is the rate of escape of the propellant perme'ating through the members of the high pressure obturator and in particular the flexible gasket thereof;
  • f3 is the rate of escape past the high pressure obturator.
  • the rate of ow of the propellant through a wall depends on the nature of the said wall, of its surface, on its thickness and on the temperature.
  • the nature of the inaterial directly affects the coeicient of permeability (or speed of diffusion) of the propellant through the wall.
  • the speed of diffusion of hydrocarbons containing uorine, such as uoro-trichloromethane, triuorotrichloroethane, and so on, through a rigid PVC wall is about 1,000 times faster than the speed of diffusion of simple hydrocarbons (butane, isobutane, propane) through the same rigid PVC wall.
  • the speeds of diffusion of hydrocarbons containing uorine through polyoleiins are of the same order as the speeds of diffusion of simple hydrocarbons therethrough, but these polyolens are several hundred times more permeable to simple hydrocarbons (butane, isobutane, propane) than is rigid PVC.
  • the acetal resins are slightly more permeable to simple hydrocarbons than to hydrocarbons containing fluorine.
  • inequality (2) is much more easily achieved than inequality (l), a wider number of plastic materials can be utilized to form the product container.
  • Cartridges of metal are light and thin and stand up to high pressures, ibut there is the risk that they will be attacked when the product container contains an active liquid which is corrosive to metal, for instance an aqueous solution containing surface-active agents.
  • Protective lacquers or paints covering the metal prevent corrosion, provided they are not chipped.
  • Glass cartridges are not subject to corrosion but they are more fragile and must be thicker.
  • the propellant cartridge is made of a plastic material it is subject Ineither to corrosion nor to fracture and it is lighter.
  • the rate of escape of propellant due to the permeability of its wall may be high, and in such a case the plastic material of the wall of the product container must have an even higher permeability.
  • the cartridge should be made of a plastic material which is very impermeable to this type of gas, for instance, rigid polyvinyl chloride,
  • a plastic material which is very permeable to the said gas for instance a polyolen (polyethylene or polypropylene) should be used.
  • propellant a hydrocarbon containing uorine (Fll propellant, F12 propellant, F22 propellant, F114 propellant and so on) or a mixture of hydrocarbons containing tluorine
  • a combination such as a cartridge of acetal resin, and a product container of polyvinyl chloride or polyoleiin.
  • Pe Polyethylene. A C Cellulose acetate.
  • Pp Polypropylene.
  • Mj Metal with joints.
  • the cartridge 3 and its attachments when iilled with propane, allow between 2 and 10 mg. per day of propellant to escape. It they are placed in a 250 nil. product container 1, of rigid PVC 0.6 mm. thick, this receptacle can only allow escape by permeation through the wall thereof 2 to 3 mg. of propane per day. The pressure within product container 1 will thus be built up. On the other hand, if the same product container is made of high density polyethylene, it will pass several grams of propane per day, and there will be no risk of swelling. Then again, if the cartridge 3 is iilled with trifluoro-trichloromethane, the permeability will be from 1 to 6 ing. per day and it could be placed either in a product container of rigid PVC or in a polyethylene product container either of wh-ich could allow escape of a quantity on the order of 1 gram of triliuoro-trichloromethane per day.
  • a cartridge 3 of aluminium, i.e. f1- 0.
  • a product container 1 of polyvinyl chloride of polyvinyl chloride.
  • the rate of escape f2 of propellant gas through the pressure obturator elements 11 essentially depends on the porosity ofthe flexible gasket with respect to the propellant and the relative pressure P of this propellant.
  • P at 20 C. is equal to 4.7 kg. per sq. cin. and f2 lies between 1 and 6 mg. per day.
  • the rate of escape f3 depends on the relative pressure of the propellant and generally lies between 0 and 1 mg. per day.
  • a push-button dispensing apparatus of the aerosol bomb type, 'for dispensing solid or liquid material in a finely-divided state, and comprising a product container containing the active agent to be distributed, a propellant cartridge within said product container and containing a liquefied propellant gas, the said apparatus further comprising a valve, a push-button valve actuator actuating the valve, the valve including a high pressure obturation means for the propellant cartridge and low pressure obturation means respectively controlling the outlet of the active agent and the admission of air from outside the product container into the product container, the wall of the product container being more permeable to the propellant than the cartridge and the rate of escape of the propellant by permeation through the product container wall being greater than the total rate of escape of propellaiit from 'the cartridge into the product container.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
US638944A 1966-05-16 1967-05-16 Aerosol dispenser with differentially permeable receptacles Expired - Lifetime US3415422A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR61700A FR1520394A (fr) 1966-05-16 1966-05-16 Perfectionnements aux distributeurs du genre bombes aérosols

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3415422A true US3415422A (en) 1968-12-10

Family

ID=8608708

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US638944A Expired - Lifetime US3415422A (en) 1966-05-16 1967-05-16 Aerosol dispenser with differentially permeable receptacles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3415422A (fr)
BE (1) BE698290A (fr)
CH (1) CH464097A (fr)
ES (1) ES340524A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1520394A (fr)
GB (1) GB1157970A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469744A (en) * 1967-11-22 1969-09-30 Diamond Int Corp Aspirating type fluid dispenser
US4896833A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-30 Brody David E Particle sprayer

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2888208A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-05-26 Vaporisateurs Marcel Frank S A Atomizers, in particular perfume atomizers
US3245435A (en) * 1963-12-12 1966-04-12 Colgate Palmolive Co Pressurized dispenser with propellant bag
US3326469A (en) * 1965-12-03 1967-06-20 Precision Valve Corp Spraying dispenser with separate holders for material and carrier fluid

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2888208A (en) * 1956-05-02 1959-05-26 Vaporisateurs Marcel Frank S A Atomizers, in particular perfume atomizers
US3245435A (en) * 1963-12-12 1966-04-12 Colgate Palmolive Co Pressurized dispenser with propellant bag
US3326469A (en) * 1965-12-03 1967-06-20 Precision Valve Corp Spraying dispenser with separate holders for material and carrier fluid

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469744A (en) * 1967-11-22 1969-09-30 Diamond Int Corp Aspirating type fluid dispenser
US4896833A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-30 Brody David E Particle sprayer
WO1990001375A1 (fr) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-22 Brody David E Diffuseur de particules

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH464097A (fr) 1968-10-15
FR1520394A (fr) 1968-04-12
GB1157970A (en) 1969-07-09
BE698290A (fr) 1967-11-10
ES340524A1 (es) 1968-06-01

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