US3428363A - Gallery driving machine - Google Patents

Gallery driving machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3428363A
US3428363A US581601A US3428363DA US3428363A US 3428363 A US3428363 A US 3428363A US 581601 A US581601 A US 581601A US 3428363D A US3428363D A US 3428363DA US 3428363 A US3428363 A US 3428363A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gallery
machine
section
rock
driving machine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US581601A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Drescher
Paul Hoever
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Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines

Definitions

  • GALLERY DRIVING MACHINE Filed Sept. 23. 1966 Sheet L of 5 Feb. 18, 1969
  • GALLERY DRIVING MACHINE Sheet Filed Sept. 23, 1966 United States Patent 3,428,363
  • GALLERY DRIVING MACHINE Hans-Peter Drescher, Luneburg, and Paul Hoever, Krefeld, Germany assignors to Beteilriensund Patentsciencesgesellschaft mit be excterquestioned, Essen, Germany Filed Sept. 23, 1966, Ser. No. 581,601 Claims priority, application 9(ie7rmauy, Sept. 29, 1965,
  • the present invention concerns a self-propelled gallery driving machine with a drilling head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the machine, for driving a subterranean drift, for instance a gallery, tunnel, or mine shaft.
  • Machines of this type are known in the form of various designs. 'Such machines drive a gallery by causing the rotating tools to attack the facing wall and removing the same. Galleries of circular cross section can relatively easily be driven by means of machines. Such galleries have the advantage that they can better withstand the roof pressure than is the case with galleries having, for instance, rectangular or trapezoidal cross section or have only slightly arched roofs. The stability of such galleries is of considerable importance, particularly for mining operations in which in contrast to driving a single gallery in otherwise nonmined adjoining rock, the mining causes the formation of, large cavities whereby considerable movements of rock will be produced.
  • the driving of a gallery with circular cross section has some drawbacks; thus, for instance, when designing a corresponding gallery driving machine, problems occur with regard to the arrangement and the designing of the carriage, with regard to preventing the machine from turning about its longitudinal axis, and with regard to the removal of the mined rock. These problems can be solved only by relatively complicated machinery and at correspondingly high costs.
  • FIGURES 1 to 3 respectively illustrate dilTerent cross sections of galleries.
  • FIGURE 4 is a side view, partially in section, of the front portion of a gallery driving machine.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates a portion of FIG. 4 as seen in the direction of the arrow V.
  • FIGURE 6 is an end view of the conveyor system arranged on the gallery driving machine.
  • the present invention consists primarily in that, preferably within the lower range of the gallery driving machine, in forward driving direction behind the drilling head, there are arranged tools which are spaced from the longitudinal axis of the machine to: such an extent that they will be able to mine material which was not removable by the drilling head, so that there will be formed a gallery which has at least an approximately plane floor and the wall ends of which, at least the lower wall portions, are plane. It will be appreciated that such an arrangement permits the provision of customary carriage structures one behind the other on the machine and to have said carriage structures move on the floor of the gallery, so that no special steps have to be taken in order to prevent the machine from carrying out undesired rotative movements about its longitudinal axis.
  • a gallery driven by a machine according to the present invention is better than with a gallery having a circular cross section. While it is possible also, with galleries circular cross-section to build a horizontal gallery floor, for instance by partially filling in the cut hollow chamber of the gallery of circular cross section, it does, however, not make much sense to reduce the cross section of a just driven gallery by filling the same in with material and thereby giving away valuable space. It is, of course, also theoretically possible to provide a plane floor in galleries having circular cross section, specifically by building a partition therein, for instance, of concrete. In such instance, the space below the partition can be used for storing cables, pipes, and for withdrawing water, however, such an arrangement is expensive, and the space below the partition is hard to get. into, while on the other hand the building of such partition is not customary in mining operations. 4
  • the gallery driving machine may be equipped with two rotatable drilling or milling tools, the axes of which are at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, while the outer ends of said tools extend downwardly at least to the same extent as the drilling head. Furthermore, the said rotatable drilling or mill-ing tools are so arranged as to be able in forward driving direction, behind said cutting or milling tools to remove the material down to the bottom of the gallery and below the semi-circular gallery roof tangential to the adjacent side walls. In this way, a widening of the gallery with a circular cross section will 'be made possible in a rather simple manner.
  • a gallery cross section according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is obtained by widening the lower portion of a gallery 1 of circular cross section by removing rock from said lower portion.
  • a gallery driving machine is, in conformity with the present invention, directly behind the machine head 10 which produces the said cross section, provided with drilling or milling heads 20 (FIG. 4). These heads 20 will produce cavities extending in the forward driving direction and having an approximately crescent-shaped cross section 2.
  • the said two heads 20 are arranged so low that the common outer tangent to the circles described by the outer ends of said rotating drilling or milling heads 20 will be tangent to the circular cross section described by the machine head and, more specifically, to the lowest portion of the circular cross section.
  • the diameters of said head-s are advantageously from 0.2 to 0.5 times the diameter of the drilling head 10 at the front of the gallery driving machine.
  • Cutting and milling tools arranged behind said drilling heads 20 will remove the remaining rock portion 3 down to the above mentioned common tangent so that a plane gallery floor will be formed.
  • the lateral remaining rock portions 4 will be removed by these tools up to the straight line which is tangent to the circles described by the outer ends of the drilling or milling heads and is also tangent to the circular cross section of the gallery. In this way, a gallery with arched roof and plane floor and with plane lower side wall portions will be obtained.
  • the gallery walls and the fioor will gradually merge with each other so that tension peaks in the surrounding rocks will be avoided.
  • the side walls of the gallery may be vertical. However, it is advantageous to cause the side walls to flare somewhat so that in the lower range of the gallery more space will be available.
  • the circular cross section is only slightly deviated from so that the advantages of the circular cross section remain maintained to the major extent.
  • the deviation of the gallery side walls from the vertical may for instance be 10, however, the walls may be inclined to a greater or lesser extent.
  • the gallery driving machine rests on two track laying carriages arranged adjacent to each other. These carriages may be designed in a standard manner since the floor of the gallery is plane. These track laying carriages in combination with the plane floor of the gallery will prevent the machine from rotating about its vertical axis. The machine is guided by alternately retarding and accelerating the two vehicle tracks. In this connection it is advantageous that the tracks move on a plane so that they will not climb up on the side wall when the machine has to move through a curve as is frequently the case when the gallery has a circular cross section.
  • a bucket chain conveyor is provided on said gallery driving machine behind the tools producing the gallery cross section for picking up the loosened rock and transferring the same away from the facing wall to a conveyor belt.
  • the buckets 5 are guided about the machine body 6 along the gallery wall 7. This guiding is effected by rollers 8 which are journalled on the buckets 5 and roll in closed roller tracks 9 on the machine body 6.
  • the roller tracks 9 extend in conformity with the desired gallery cross section.
  • the buckets 5 are connected to two endless chains (not illustrated) by means of which the bucket chain conveyor is driven.
  • the drive is advantageously effected over the deviating path arranged in the lower corners. In this connection it is advantageous to provide a common drive for the bucket chain conveyor and the two drilling or milling heads 20 arranged behind the machine head 10.
  • the front sides and those sides of buckets 5 which face the machine body 6 are open. As soon as a bucket 5 during its movement passes approximately below the longitudinal axis of the machine, its opening which faces the machine body 6 will be covered by a runway plate 11 connected to the machine body 6.
  • the runway plate 11 is within the upper range of the gallery driving machine bent inwardly and thus creates an access to a continuous conveyor 12 which faces away from the facing wall.
  • the buckets 5 pick up the loosened rock at their front openings and move along the inner bucket cover in upward direction and transfer the rock through inner openings to the conveyor 12 by means of bent runway plate 11. From conveyor 12 the rock is at the end of the gallery driving machine transferred to another conveyor belt or carriage. A shroud 13 prevents the rock from falling to the side of the conveyor 12.
  • the bucket chain conveyor permits a continuous pick-up as it is obtained for instance by means of a bucket wheel and does so with galleries which do not have a round cross section.It is, of course, understood that it can also be used with galleries having a circular cross section.
  • a bucket chain conveyor has the further advantage that in soft or medium hard rock special cutting or milling tools are not necessary.
  • the rock portions 3 and 4 which are left standing by the rotating drilling or milling heads 20 can be picked up by the buckets of the bucket chain conveyor.
  • the front edges of said buckets are equipped with armed cutting edges 14 which can easily and quickly be exchanged.
  • a rear bucket support 15 is provided in such an instance for relieving the rollers 8 and guiding means 9.
  • the cutting edges 14 protrude in advancing direction beyond the buckets 5 so that the rock to be removed will be pre-notched.
  • the rollers 8 and roller tracks 9 are not required.
  • the buckets 5 will then be guided by the correspondingly supported pulling chains.
  • the buckets 5 With each pulling chain, the buckets 5 are preferably connected to a chain link. With small deviating radii with which also the chain division has to be correspondingly small, small buckets are obtained which are not economical.
  • sufliciently large buckets which extend over a plurality of chain links are composed of a plurality of parts. Such parts may for instance be formed by arched steel sheet metal sections. Each arched section is fixedly connected by a chain link to each longitudinal side of the bucket.
  • a bucket may also be composed of a cutting yoke forming the receiving opening of the bucket and connected to each pulling chain at each chain link, a web closing the bucket toward the rear, and a chain bag having its front end connected to a yoke while its rear end is connected to the web. The sides of the bag are connected to the two pulling chains.
  • This bucket affords a maximum of movability and easily adapts itself to the cross section of the gallery.
  • the web located in the rear is inclined in such a way that its edge which faces the machine body 6 will in the direction of movement of the bucket be located in front of the outer edge. This inclination of the closing web may for instance be 30". Due to the fact that the web is inclined toward the runway plate 11, the picked up fine material will be prevented from falling back onto the gallery floor through a gap between the web and the runway plate 11.
  • That edge of the buckets which faces the wall to be engaged thereby is advantageously not parallel to the axis of the machine but is inclined thereto in such a way that that corner which with regard to the advancing direction of the gallery driving machine is located in the rear protrudes with regard to the other corner.
  • a power component acts from the bucket in advancing direction of the machine upon the rock so that during the pickup operation no rock can evade against this direction.
  • the gallery driving machine is provided with a dust shield 16 extending transverse to the gallery being driven.
  • This shield is equipped with a flexible seal 17 for engagement with the gallery wall 7 thereby separating the working chamber from the already dug gallery section. In this way, the dust forming when loosening the rock is prevented from entering the gallery.
  • the dust shield 16 is provided with passages for the conveyor 12 and for intake openings for the cyclone separator 18.
  • the cyclone separator 18 separates the main portion of the occurring dust and the collected dust after being humidified with water is withdrawn by means of the conveyor 12.
  • the filtering surface can be kept small which is intended for filtering the residual dust contained in the air discharged through a conduit 19. Small filtering surfaces are of considerable importance in underground mining in view of the narrow conditions which prevail in these circumstances.
  • a drilling machine may be mounted on the mounting device for producing anchor bores preferably in the ceiling of the gallery. This is important in particular when driving a gallery in mined areas or soft rock (Gebriich) because in such instances the rock has to be supported as quickly as possible after the gallery section has been driven.
  • the provided bores make it possible to safeguard at least the gallery ceiling by corresponding anchoring means.
  • the gallery driving machine is provided with upper running means in the form of a track, which upper running means is adapted by means of hydraulic power systems to be pressed against the gallery ceiling.
  • the hydraulic power operable means and the upper running means are pivotally connected to each other.
  • the upper running means may be driven whereby a higher advancing force is obtainable and jamming of the machine will be prevented.
  • a plurality of upper running means may be provided.
  • the buildup of the gallery floor and the gallery walls is advantageously effected behind the gallery driving machine.
  • the gallery driving machine is equipped with further feeding devices. These feeding devices rest on the machine body 6 which is braced in the driven gallery, and advance the working head relative to the machine body.
  • the hydraulic system is actuated by a pump driven by an electric motor.
  • a further motor and a further pump may be arranged in parallel to the first supply unit.
  • the hydraulic and electric driving units are for purposes of obtaining better conditions of movement in the gallery section, mounted in a special vehicle which is towed behind the machine or suspended thereon. If a repair is required, this vehicle can quickly be detached from the machine body 6 and can be removed from the gallery driving machine.
  • the vehicle will also comprise the operators cab or stand and the control devices.
  • the movable head 10 of the gallery driving machine is equipped with a gyro-compass.
  • This compass conveys its measured values to a subsidiary in the operators cab Where it is indicated.
  • a self-propelling rock working machine comprising a drilling head rotatable about a horizontal axis of the machine and operable to dig cutouts, especially of galleries, tunnels and mine shafts, with an arched top and an approximately straight bottom, which includes: two rotatable cutting tool means having their axes of rotation approximately parallel to the axis of rotation of said drilling head and having a diameter less than the diameter of said drilling head while the respective lowermost portions of said rotatable tool means extend downwardly at least as far as the lowermost portion of said drilling head, said rotatable cutting tool means resepectively being located on opposite sides of the vertical plane through the axis of rotation of said drilling head while said rotating tool means are spaced from each other by a distance corresponding approximately to the desired width of the desired straight bottom surface of the cutout to be dug, and bucket chain conveyor means forming part of said machine and located behind said tool means when viewing said bucket chain conveyor means from the front end of the machine for picking up material in the path of said bucket chain conveyor means and moving
  • a machine according to claim 1 in which the buckets of said bucket chain conveyor means are open at that side thereof which faces the gallery driving machine, and runway means mounted on said gallery driving machine and covering those bucket openings which face said gallery driving machine over a portion of the path over which said buckets are being moved on said bucket chain conveyor means.
  • a machine which includes a dust shield arranged behind said drilling head, said dust shield being provided with flexible ceiling means for engagement with the adjacent wall portion of the driven cutout, said dust shield being provided with opening means for communication with a cyclon separator, and also being provided with opening means for the passage of material cut by said drilling head.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US581601A 1965-09-29 1966-09-23 Gallery driving machine Expired - Lifetime US3428363A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB83927A DE1260412B (de) 1965-09-29 1965-09-29 Streckenvortriebsmaschine

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US3428363A true US3428363A (en) 1969-02-18

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US581601A Expired - Lifetime US3428363A (en) 1965-09-29 1966-09-23 Gallery driving machine

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US (1) US3428363A (de)
CH (1) CH461564A (de)
DE (1) DE1260412B (de)
GB (1) GB1144359A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643998A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-02-22 Jacobs Associates Tunneling machine for noncircular bores
US5110188A (en) * 1989-02-07 1992-05-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Deformed shield tunneling method and tunneling machine
US5439274A (en) * 1992-10-08 1995-08-08 Prairie Machine & Parts Mfg. Ltd. Rotary mine boring head having movable links with cutter bits
US10539016B2 (en) * 2018-02-26 2020-01-21 Xcmg-Kaigong Heavy Industry Nanjing Co., Ltd Tunnel boring machine
CN112360455A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-12 刘刚 一种n形硬岩采矿机
CN113464158A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-10-01 江苏神盾工程机械有限公司 一种用于全断面硬岩掘进机的清渣装置
US12352170B2 (en) 2023-01-27 2025-07-08 Robbins Mining, Inc. Tunnel boring machine for excavating semicircular-arched tunnels

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2913129C2 (de) * 1979-04-02 1983-04-21 Wayss & Freytag Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vollschnittmaschine zum Auffahren von Strecken oder Tunneln mit nicht kreisförmigem Querschnitt
DE3025754C2 (de) * 1980-07-08 1982-11-18 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Vollschnitt- Strecken- oder Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einer Hilfsvorrichtung zum Vorbereiten der Aufstandflächen für zu setzende Ausbaurahmen
DE3121244C2 (de) * 1981-05-29 1983-02-24 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Tunnelvortriebsmaschine
DE3421704C2 (de) * 1984-06-12 1986-05-28 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH, 5140 Erkelenz Vorrichtung zum Aufweiten des Querschnittsprofils eines Stollens, Tunnels od.dgl.
JP4661805B2 (ja) * 2007-03-12 2011-03-30 株式会社大林組 トンネルボーリングマシン
JP4661806B2 (ja) * 2007-03-12 2011-03-30 株式会社大林組 トンネルボーリングマシン

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU163568A1 (de) *
GB190502227A (en) * 1905-02-04 1905-06-08 William Lennard Jackson Improvements in Machines for Tunnelling or Cutting Earth, Rocks, and such like.
FR26289E (fr) * 1922-04-24 1923-09-27 Fraiseuse délayeuse
US1478466A (en) * 1918-10-14 1923-12-25 Tunnel & Sewer Machine Enginee Tunneling machine
US2134478A (en) * 1938-05-11 1938-10-25 Equipment Rental Corp Tunneling machine
US3231310A (en) * 1961-11-17 1966-01-25 Santucci Construction Company Tunneling machine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE611737C (de) * 1933-12-09 1935-04-04 Heinrich Fuss Zusammenlegbarer Staubschutzschirm fuer Maschinen zur Herstellung von Querschlaegen und Tunneln
JPS4935481B1 (de) * 1962-02-16 1974-09-24

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU163568A1 (de) *
GB190502227A (en) * 1905-02-04 1905-06-08 William Lennard Jackson Improvements in Machines for Tunnelling or Cutting Earth, Rocks, and such like.
US1478466A (en) * 1918-10-14 1923-12-25 Tunnel & Sewer Machine Enginee Tunneling machine
FR26289E (fr) * 1922-04-24 1923-09-27 Fraiseuse délayeuse
US2134478A (en) * 1938-05-11 1938-10-25 Equipment Rental Corp Tunneling machine
US3231310A (en) * 1961-11-17 1966-01-25 Santucci Construction Company Tunneling machine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643998A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-02-22 Jacobs Associates Tunneling machine for noncircular bores
US5110188A (en) * 1989-02-07 1992-05-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Deformed shield tunneling method and tunneling machine
US5439274A (en) * 1992-10-08 1995-08-08 Prairie Machine & Parts Mfg. Ltd. Rotary mine boring head having movable links with cutter bits
US10539016B2 (en) * 2018-02-26 2020-01-21 Xcmg-Kaigong Heavy Industry Nanjing Co., Ltd Tunnel boring machine
CN112360455A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-12 刘刚 一种n形硬岩采矿机
CN113464158A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2021-10-01 江苏神盾工程机械有限公司 一种用于全断面硬岩掘进机的清渣装置
US12352170B2 (en) 2023-01-27 2025-07-08 Robbins Mining, Inc. Tunnel boring machine for excavating semicircular-arched tunnels

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Publication number Publication date
GB1144359A (en) 1969-03-05
DE1260412B (de) 1968-02-08
CH461564A (de) 1968-08-31

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