US3431493A - Reflection-free voltage divider for high surge voltages - Google Patents

Reflection-free voltage divider for high surge voltages Download PDF

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Publication number
US3431493A
US3431493A US571284A US3431493DA US3431493A US 3431493 A US3431493 A US 3431493A US 571284 A US571284 A US 571284A US 3431493D A US3431493D A US 3431493DA US 3431493 A US3431493 A US 3431493A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resistance
voltage divider
voltage
divider
reflection
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Expired - Lifetime
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US571284A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter Knoth
Werner Luscher
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Micafil AG
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Micafil AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/04—Voltage dividers
    • G01R15/06—Voltage dividers having reactive components, e.g. capacitive transformer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/24—Frequency- independent attenuators

Definitions

  • a two-stage reflection-free voltage divider of the ohmic type is provided for use in the measurement of high impulse voltage by means of a cathode ray oscillograph.
  • the voltage divider includes a first string of resistances arranged in series and connected between the high voltage source and ground, a guide electrode on this resistance string, and a second string of resistances likewise arranged in series and connected between a medium voltage point on the first string of resistances and ground.
  • a co-axial line leads to the oscillograph from the voltage divider, the inner conductor of the line being connected to a tap between resistances in the second resistance group and the outer conductor of the line being grounded.
  • This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of voltage dividers, and has for its purpose the attainment of a two step voltage divider which is practically reflection-free, for use in the measurement of high surge voltages.
  • a voltage divider which is constituted entirely by a string of series connected resistances, or by a string of resistances in combination with condensers.
  • the first type of divider is thus essentially ohmic while the second type is ohmic-capacitive in character.
  • the voltage divider is connected to a surge registering oscillograph by way of a coaxial cable. As a rule, the input impedance to the surge oscillograph amounts to less than 1009.
  • an ohmic voltage divider generally conissts of a high-tension proof resistance of some k9 on the earth-sided end of which a fractional part of the total voltage across the divider is tapped and conveyed to the surge oscillograph by means of a coaxial cable which may be assumed to have a characteristic impedance amounting to Z.
  • the frequency response of an ohmic type voltage divider is improved by use of capacitive control, in which case the partition of the entire resistance over the length of the voltage dvider is made proportional to the static voltage distribution over that length.
  • the static voltage distribution can be influenced and stabilized against stray external fields by using, for example, additional condensers arranged parallel to the atent ice resistances, or by use of a head electrode with an enlarged girth.
  • h height above ground, i.e., earth
  • dC difierential of stray capacity against ground at the height h
  • dr ditferential of resistance at the height h.
  • Such a partition of the resistance can be approximately realized by dividing the overall height of the divider resistance into a string of from six to twelve resistance sections. To each section is allocated a resistance value which is proportional to the static voltage difference between the ends of the section.
  • a twostep divider which permits of a free choice of the total voltage divider resistance and also a free choice of the tap-sided internal resistance R
  • a second string of resistances is connected between ground and a medium voltage tap point on the first string of series connected divider resistances connected between the high voltage source and ground, and the inner conductor of a coaxial cable leading from the voltage divider to a cathode ray oscillograph is connected to a tap on the second resistance string, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable being grounded.
  • the resulting resistance of the network below the medium voltage tap on the high voltage divider resistance obtains a value proportional to the field strength in the same manner as all seetions of the high voltage divider resistance lying above the tap.
  • the network also includes the connectedto input resistance of the surge reading oscillograph.
  • the high voltage divider resistance is seen to include the string of resistance sections C and D connected in series between the high voltage line H and ground E. Also included in this resistance string is a damping resistance R connected between the line H and the first resistance section D of the divider.
  • a guide electrode in the form of a ring F is located on the resistance string between divider resistance section D and the damping resistance R
  • a second string of two series connected resistance units A and B is connected across the lowermost resistance section C of the high voltage divider resistance, i.e. between the ground and a medium voltage tap at the upper side of resistance section C.
  • the coaxial line L extending between the oscillograph K0.
  • the voltage divider has its inner conductor connected at a tap N between the two resistance sections A and B, and it outer, sheath conductor connected to ground E.
  • the characteristic impedance of the coaxial transmission line L is assumed to have a value of Z and the input resistance of the oscillograph is assume to have a value of R
  • the surge voltage appearing at the input to the coaxial line L i.e., across points N and E be reflection-free, the following equation must be satisfied.
  • a reflection-free two-stage voltage divider of the ohmic type for use in the measurement of high impulse voltages by means of a cathode ray oscillograph connected to the divider by a coaxial line comprising a first string of resistance connected in series between a high voltage source and ground, said resistance being distributed according to the electrostatic field between a guide electrode and ground, and a second string of resistances connected between ground and a tap on said first string of resistances having a voltage intermediate that of said high voltage source and ground, the inner and outer conductors of said coaxial line being connected to a tap on said second string of resistance sections and to ground respectively and the output terminal resistance of the divider being adapted to the characteristic impedance of said coaxial line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
US571284A 1965-09-17 1966-08-09 Reflection-free voltage divider for high surge voltages Expired - Lifetime US3431493A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT851365A AT258411B (de) 1965-09-17 1965-09-17 Reflexarmer Spannungsteiler für hohe Stoß-Spannungen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3431493A true US3431493A (en) 1969-03-04

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ID=3606132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US571284A Expired - Lifetime US3431493A (en) 1965-09-17 1966-08-09 Reflection-free voltage divider for high surge voltages

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3431493A (de)
AT (1) AT258411B (de)
CH (1) CH458530A (de)
GB (1) GB1112737A (de)
SE (1) SE332857B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5293113A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-03-08 Ch. Beha BmbH Test instrument for the display of electric voltages
US20060279323A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Power apparatus for dividing high voltage
CN106383256A (zh) * 2016-11-08 2017-02-08 湖北正奥汽车附件集团有限公司 一种汽车电线束用灌胶式连接器型电阻分压器

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19516092B4 (de) * 1995-05-03 2004-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gefahrenmeldeanlage mit wenigstens einer Schirmleitung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756414A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-07-24 Motorola Inc Coupling unit
US3081441A (en) * 1961-03-08 1963-03-12 Hughes Aircraft Co Voltage divider
US3300718A (en) * 1963-08-12 1967-01-24 Hewlett Packard Co Test probe apparatus employing feedback reduction of the distributed capacitance ofthe signal cable

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756414A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-07-24 Motorola Inc Coupling unit
US3081441A (en) * 1961-03-08 1963-03-12 Hughes Aircraft Co Voltage divider
US3300718A (en) * 1963-08-12 1967-01-24 Hewlett Packard Co Test probe apparatus employing feedback reduction of the distributed capacitance ofthe signal cable

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5293113A (en) * 1991-10-21 1994-03-08 Ch. Beha BmbH Test instrument for the display of electric voltages
US20060279323A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Power apparatus for dividing high voltage
CN106383256A (zh) * 2016-11-08 2017-02-08 湖北正奥汽车附件集团有限公司 一种汽车电线束用灌胶式连接器型电阻分压器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE332857B (de) 1971-02-22
AT258411B (de) 1967-11-27
CH458530A (de) 1968-06-30
GB1112737A (en) 1968-05-08

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