US3432692A - Magneto-hydrodynamic generators - Google Patents

Magneto-hydrodynamic generators Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3432692A
US3432692A US573662A US3432692DA US3432692A US 3432692 A US3432692 A US 3432692A US 573662 A US573662 A US 573662A US 3432692D A US3432692D A US 3432692DA US 3432692 A US3432692 A US 3432692A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
generator
tubes
fluid
tube
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US573662A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Louis Chevalley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3432692A publication Critical patent/US3432692A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H02K44/18—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power

Definitions

  • a 4magneto-hydrodynamic generator comprising at least one pair of shock tubes is provided, there being a reservoir of working fluid communicating with each tube at one end, a source of heated and compressed auxiliary tluid connected to the other end of the tubes via a cyclical- 1y controlled distributor, at least one pair of parallel electrodes arranged within each tube on oppositely arranged wall portions of its inner surface, adjacent the end communicating with the reservoir of working uid, and means producing in each tube a transverse magnetic lield parallel to said electrodes.
  • the distributor is adapted to introduce the auxiliary fluid alternately into the tubes of the pair and to discharge said uid after a predetermined lapse of time.
  • the electrodes are connected to output terminals so as to obtain an alternating voltage whose period is formed by two alternations each produced by one tube of the pair.
  • the present invention relates to a magneto-hydrodynamic generator.
  • the efficiency of a magneto-hydrodynamic generator depends on the conductivity of its work fluid, which conductivity depends in particular on temperature.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a magneto-hydrodynamic generator capable of operating at temperatures far exceeding those of conventional heat sources, in which the number of movable mechanical elements that are exposed to such temperatures is reduced to a minimum.
  • the generator according to the present invention is intended to enable constant load operation at temperatures of about or greater than 3000o C., and comprises at least one pair of shock tubes each communicating at one of its ends with a reservoir adapted to contain the work iluid of said generator, a source of heated and compessed auxiliary uid connected to the other end of said tubes via a cycli- "lee cally controlled distributor, said distributor being adapted to introduce the auxiliary tluid alternately into the tubes of said pair and to discharge said Huid after a predetermined lapse of time, each of said tubes being provided, near the end thereof connected to the work lluid reservoir, with at least two parallel electrodes so disposed as to form two opposite faces of its inner wall and with means for producing a magnetic eld parallel to the electrodes and transverse to the tube, the electrodes of said one pair of tubes being connected to the output terminals of the generator so as to obtain thereat an alternating voltage whose period is formed by two alternations which are each produced by one tube of said one pair.
  • FIGURE l is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention generator operating in a closed cycle
  • FIGURE 2 shows, by means of an entropy diagram indicating absolute temperature T and pressure p as a function of entropy S, the thermodynamic cycles of the work tluid and of the auxiliary fluid in the generator of FIGURE l.
  • the generator shown in FIGURE l comprises a pair of parallel shock tubes 1 and 2 connected at one end by ditfusers 3 and 4 to reservoirs 5 and 6 each containing an equal amount of work fluid.
  • the temperature and pressure of this uid may have any suitable initial value.
  • a rotary distributor 7 is provided for alternately and cyclically connecting these tubes with one of a pair of conduits 8 and 9 for introducing a heated and compressed auxiliary uid and with one of a pair of conduits 10 and 11 for discharging the expanded auxiliary fluid.
  • the distributor 7 consists here of a disc which is disposed symmetrically opposite the inlets of tubes 1 and 2 and Vwhich cooperates with drive means (not shown) for rotating it at a predetermined speed about an axis which is contained in a plane common to the axes of tubes 1 and 2 and parallel thereto.
  • the disc 7 is formed with two passages 12 and 13, passage 12 serving to establish communication successively between tube 1 and conduit 8 and bewteen tube 2 and passage 9 and passage serving to establish communication successively between tube 2 land conduit 11 and between tube 1 and conduit 10 for the introduction and discharge of the auxiliary tluid.
  • passage 12 lies between the inlet cond-uit 8 and tube 1 to enable the intlow of compressed and heated auxiliary fluid into the latter.
  • passage 13 lies between the outlet conduit 11 and tube 2 to enable the outow of expanded auxiliary fluid from the latter.
  • tube 2 will communicate via passage 12 with inlet conduit 9 and tube 1 will communicate via passage 13 with discharge conduit 10.
  • the disc 7 thus performs a cyclic operation which comprises for each tube the following phascsclosure, introduction of auxiliary gas, closure, and discharge of auxiliary gas.
  • the duration of the yauxiliary gas introduction and discharge phases will of course depend on the peripheral width of the crosssections of passages 12 and 13 and on the rotational speed of the disc 7.
  • the tubes 1 and 2 are each provided, near the diffusers 3 and 4, with two electrodes, respectively identified by numerals 14, and 16, 17, which are disposed opposite one another and parallel to the tube axis.
  • the electrodes 14, 15 and 16, 17 are mounted so as to be electrically insulated from the associated tube and so as to have their inner surfaces washed by the fluid flowing through this tube. Electrodes 14 and 17 are connected by leads 14a and 17a to the output terminal 18 of the generator and electrodes 15 and 16 are connected by leads 15a and 16a t0 the other output terminal 19 of the generator.
  • the tubes are further provided with electro-magnets whose windings 20 and 21 serve to produce magnetic fields B1 and B2 each of which is transverse to the axis of the associated tube and passes between the electrodes.
  • the electro-magnets are so arranged that the two fields may be parallel--in the present instance at right angles to the plane of the drawing-and extend over the entire length of the electrodes.
  • the generator illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises moreover two compressors 22 and 23, with an intermediate cooler 24, and a heat generator 25 for heating the compressed auxiliary fluid to a temperature of 1000 to 2000 C.
  • a conduit 26 conveys the compressed auxiliary fluid from the compressor 23 to a recuperator 27 whence it is conveyed by a conduit 28 to the heat generator 25.
  • the heated and compressed auxiliary fluid then flows through conduit 29 into input conduits 8 and 9 and is alternately introduced, by the rotary disc 7, as described above, into tubes 1 and 2.
  • the discharge conduits 10 and 11, respectively associated with 'tubes 1 land 2, open into a recycling conduit 30 leading to the inlet of an expansion turbine 31 driving compressors 22 and 23.
  • An electric motor 32 which, in the present instance, is supplied by the generator, serves to lprovide the additional energy required to drive these compressors.
  • the auxiliary fluid flows from the turbine 31, via a conduit 33, the recuperator 27 and Y a cooler 34, into the suction conduit of compressor 22.
  • the thermodynamic cycles carried out by the two flulds during operation of the above described generator are schematically represented in the entropy diagram of FIG- URE 2.
  • the auxiliary fluid cycle comprises the following stages:
  • A-Al rst compression in compressor 22.
  • A1-B1z intermediate cooling in cooler 24.
  • Bl-B second compression in compressor 23.
  • B-F preheating in recuperator 27.
  • F-C heating in heat generator 25.
  • C-D1 first expansion in shock tubes 1 and 2.
  • Dl-D second expansion in turbine 31.
  • D-E first cooling in recuperator 27.
  • E-A second cooling in exchanger 34.
  • the work fluid cycle comprises the following stages:
  • cycles represented in FIGURE 2 are theoretical cycles and do not take into account the efliciencies of the compressors, of the turbine and of the exchangers. It will be observed that the temperature of the work fluid at point I is greater than that of the heat source 25, i.e. than that of the auxiliary fluid at point C. This is due to the fact that cycle I, II, III shown in FIG- URE 2 is that carried out under constant load conditions of the generator.
  • the stabilization level of this cyclic operation will depend on the cooling effect (III-I) that is obtained on the walls of the shock tubes.
  • III-I the cooling effect
  • it is advantageous to carry out the work cycle at temperature levels which are as high as possible in order to improve the efciency and the ⁇ specific power of the generator the problem of the resistance of materials to high temperature will require in certain cases the use of additional means for cooling the shock tubes in order that they may withstand very high temperatures better and in order to stabilize the work fluid cycle under constant load conditions at a temperature level which is very close to the limit imposed bythe refractory materials being used.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US573662A 1965-08-26 1966-08-19 Magneto-hydrodynamic generators Expired - Lifetime US3432692A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1201565A CH454261A (fr) 1965-08-26 1965-08-26 Générateur magnéto-hydrodynamique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3432692A true US3432692A (en) 1969-03-11

Family

ID=4379042

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US573662A Expired - Lifetime US3432692A (en) 1965-08-26 1966-08-19 Magneto-hydrodynamic generators

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3432692A (fr)
CH (1) CH454261A (fr)
GB (1) GB1129913A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4418294A (en) * 1982-07-02 1983-11-29 Rahman Muhammed A Supersonic MHD generator system

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3161789A (en) * 1961-01-23 1964-12-15 Gen Electric Mhd power generation

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3161789A (en) * 1961-01-23 1964-12-15 Gen Electric Mhd power generation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4418294A (en) * 1982-07-02 1983-11-29 Rahman Muhammed A Supersonic MHD generator system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH454261A (fr) 1968-04-15
GB1129913A (en) 1968-10-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3214615A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic generator apparatus
US3436918A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic motor-generator
US3280349A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic generating system
US3127528A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic generator
US4395648A (en) Electrothermodynamic (ETD) power converter
US3320444A (en) Method of converting thermal energy directly to electrical energy
US3350584A (en) Method of and generator for producing alternating electric power
GB1158862A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Conversion Apparatus
US3851195A (en) Boundary layer control as a means of increasing power output of supersonic mhd generators
RU2071163C1 (ru) Способ получения электрической энергии и мгд-генератор для его реализации
US3474266A (en) Electrogasdynamic power cycle
US3376440A (en) Liquid metal piston mhd generator
US3436567A (en) Method of and apparatus for heating a fluid by means of an auxiliary fluid at high pressure
US3283183A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic generating system
US3260867A (en) Method of electric power generation
US3176169A (en) Mhd induction device
US3286108A (en) Magneto-hydrodynamic generator
US941826A (en) Thermo-electric generation.
US3319090A (en) Magnetogasdynamic generator
US3154703A (en) Magnetohydrodynamic generators of alternating current
GB1129913A (en) Improvements in or relating to magneto-hydrodynamic generators
US3274407A (en) Apparatus for magnetohydrodynamically generating electric energy
RU2092962C1 (ru) Электропривод переменного тока
US3257571A (en) Power generator
US3483405A (en) Alternating current magnetohydrodynamic generator