US343568A - Chaeles w - Google Patents

Description

eoofPRR. APPARATUS PoR RLRVATING WATER.

Patented June 15, 188.6.

(No Model.)

A a .a m a EUR...

UNITED STATES PATENT 0in-ric.

CHARLES V. GOOPEB, BROOKLYN,"NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR ELEVVATING WATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 343,568, dated June 15, 1886.

Appiiation filed october 17,1285.

.To all whom it may concern.-

of the city of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Elevating Water, of which thev following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus for raising andforcing water in which Water put under pressure, either naturally orA artificially, is used as a transmitter of `powerl for raising double the quantity of water, particularly from great depths or distances from the first source of power-as, for instance, from deep mines-and the invention is intended to obviate the use of tightly-fitting cylinders and pistons, or to permit of the arrangement of such cylinders and pistons, if

used, at the top of the mine or other accessi` ble point from which power is transmitted,`

and is also intended to obviate the difficulties and expense incident to the use of expensive and cumberous mechanical connections.

.The invention consists in novel combinations of parts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims, including upper and lower mercury-vessels arranged one above another near the bottom of the mine or other locality from which water is to be raised, and connected by a mercury pipe or column, a suction-pipe leading to the upper vessel, a discharge-pipe leading from the upper vessel, and a pipe, through which water is supplied under pressure, leading to the lower vessel. Enough mercury is employed to about fill one vessel and the pipe connecting the vessels. When water is supplied under pressure to the lower vessel, the mercury therein will be forced into the upper vessel,and will displace through the discharge-pipe any water contained therein, and when the lower vessel is relieved of pressure the mercury will return thereinto by grav-y ity, and the space created in the upper vessel by the fall of the mercury will lill with water through the suction-pipe.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of an apparatus embodying. my invention in its simplest form, a singleacting cylinder and piston to create the working pressure being employed to give an intermittent discharge of water. Fig. 2 is a ver- Serial No. 180,149. (No model.)

1 tical section of an apparatusin which a double- Be it known that LCHARLES W. Coornml acting cylinder and piston operate two reciprocating water-columns to obtain acontinuous discharge; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of an apparatus, which is operated by a watercolumn'moving continuously into the machine to produce the constant discharge of double the volume of water at a height less than that of which the initial pressure is the equivalent.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several figures.

Referring first to Fig. 1, Ais the cylinder 0f a single-acting forcing pump or ram, of which B is the reciprocating piston, and M the water-chamber. This ram may be located at any convenient placee-at the top of a mineshaft, for instance.

C and D are upper and lower chambers or vessels of about equal capacity, which may be located at the bottom of a mine,\for instance. A pipe, E, communicates from the bottom of the chamber C to the bottom of the chamberD. A pipe, F, communicates from the chamber M of the cylinder A to the top of the chamber D. -A suction-pipe, H, having a footvalve, I, at the bottom, extendsfrom the top ofthe chamber C into the water to be pumped. A pipe, G, extends from the top of-the chamber C to the place of discharge, and a valve, J, affords outward communication from this chamber Cinto the pipe G. rIlhe cylinder A is provided with a cock, L, on top, as shown. The chambers C and D should be situated about from one-eleventh to one-twelfth as far apartvertically as the vertical distance from the level of water to be pumped upward to the actuating pump or ram A B. rIhese chambers are connected by a mercury-column that reciprocates from one chamber to the other through the pipe E, the quantity of mercury being sufficient to nearly fill the pipe E and chamber C, but not enough to ever ilow over into the suction-pipe H.

The operation is as follows: Thechambers M, C, and D and pipes and H are supposed to be full of water, (except the space occupied by mercury,) and the piston B to be reciproeating back and forth by means of any power suitably applied. A forward movement of the piston B in the direction of the arrow forces water down the pipe F` into the cham- IOO ber D, thereby causing the mercury therein to liow up the pipe E into the chamber C. The water upon the mercury in the chamber C is prevented by the foot-valve I from escaping down the suction-pipe H, and is thus necessarily forced through the valve J into the pipe G, and thence to the place of discharge. W'hen the reverse motion of the piston B takes place, (to the right, as here shown,) the chamber M will be enlarged, and the mercury that has j ust previously been forced into the chalnber C will fall into the chamber D, and thus force water from that chamber up the pipe F into the chamber M. At the same time the vacuum formed in the chamber C by the fall of the mercury will be supplied with water through the suction-pipe H, as in an ordinary piston-pu mp. Upon the next stroke of the piston B into the chamber M the firstdescribed action will be repeated. The cock L is to supply the chamber M with water on the first start, or whenever it may be necessary. Of course another similar arrangement could be connected to the other chamber, M', of the cylinder A by the pipe F', (shown by dotted lines,) and the discharge pipe G could be used in common by both. This would make this apparatus, taken as a whole, a doubleacting one, having two pipes for the forcingwater and one main pipe for the discharge.

In Fig. 2 is shown a doubleacting apparatus on the same general principle as described in Fig. 1, but where each of the pipes F F' are used to convey the feeding-water and the discharge-water alternately. While one volume is forced down oneof the pipes FF' by the piston B, two volumes are forced up the other ol those pipes, and then vice versa. The cylinder A, with its chambers M M', piston B, the chambers C C' D D', connectingpipes E E', with mercury-columns, operate in the same manner as the similar parts in Fig. l. The chambers C C' are surmounted by a valvechest, Cii, with which the suction-pipe H communicates, and in which are suction-valves J2 J" and discharge valves J J'. The outletvalve J, from the chamber C, permits outward communication from that chamber through the dischargepipe G to the pipe F', and a similar outlet-valve, J', permits similar communication from the chamber C' through the pipe G' to the pipe F. The cylinder A is surmountcd by a valve-chest, A l, from which leads thc final discharge-pipe O. Communication between the two waterchambers M M' and the pipe O is controlled by two valves, N N', connected so that when one is closed the other is always open.

The operation is as follows: In the drawings the piston B is shown moving to the left, and as it began to move the current, starting toward the discharge O, immediately caused the valve N to close upon its seat. Therefore the water in the chamber M is necessarily forced down the pipe F upon the mercury in the chamber D, and the pressure upon this mercury forces it upward into the chamber G, thus displacing an equal quantity of water in that chamber, which is thus forced through the valve J ,pipes Gand F' into the chamber M'. During the same stroke the mercury inthe chamber C' falls into D', and thus forces an equal Volume of water up the pipe F', and at the same time the chamber C' receives water from the suction-pipe II, as before described. Thus for each volume of water that descends by the pipe F two volumes ascend by the pipe,

F', and while one of these volumes fills the chamber M' the other leaves by the valve N', and represents the net effect of one stroke of the machine. Upon reversing the stroke the corresponding effects will be produced in each of the corresponding opposite chambers.

In Fig. 1 the duty of the falling mercurycolumn being to draw Waterinto the chamber C, and also to forceit into the vacuum formed when the piston B is enlarging the chamber M in the cylinder A, the height of the mercury column should be proportioned to that duty.

In Fig. 2 the duty of the mercury-columns is to draw water into themachiue and force it through the cylinder A, up the pipe O, to the final discharge, ordinaril y against atmospheric pressure, and the heights of the mercury-columns should be calculated accordingly. In both cases due allowance should be made for the head necessary to overcome the friction of liquids [iowing through the pipes. The less excess there is in thel height of mercurycolumns over that necessary the more economical in power will be the apparatus.

In Fig. 8 the chambers C C' D D', connecting-pipes E E', and mercury reciprocating through these pipes, the outlet-valves J J', inlet-valves J2 J of chambers G C', and common suclionpipe H, all perform the same functions. respectively, as the similar partsin Fig. 2. The forcing-pipe Fin this figure leads into an induction-chamber, P, which is common to the two chambers D D', and which contains two induction valves, Q, Q', that are so connected by a lever, R, that the closing of one insures the opening of the other. From the ends of this lever are suspended rods S S', which extend into the chambersD D', as shown, and to these rods the induction-valves Q, Q' are attached. Sliding on the rods S S' are round iron floats T T', supported by the mercury, and which are of such a size as to fit at the proper times into the lower parts of the chambers D D', respectively, in the manner of a piston in a cylinder, although the fit need not be a tight one. Nuts or collars U U' limit the downward movements of the floats upon these rods. Chambers V V are intermediate between the induction chamber I and the chambers D D', and in the partition between the chambers V V and D D' are holes 3/ y', which form short cylinders, in which slide small pistons w w', and these pistons are capable of moving entirely out of their cylinders or holes, so that the holes may at proper times form open communication between the chambers V V and D D'. Eduction-valves m x',

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opening inwardly as to the chambers D D', open communication at proper times from these chambers D D to the common dischargepipe G. The pistons w fw and valves x x may either form one piece or may be in several separate pieces pressing against one another, so that they will all move simultaneously. A discharge-pipe, G, from the chamber G C connects with G', and a pipe, G2, isa continuation common to both. I

The operation is as follows: Water put under high pressure by any means is constantly fiowing into the chamber P, and, as shown in the drawings, is now entering through the valve Q and chamberl V and piston hole or cylinder y into the chamber D, and from there forcing the mercury into the chamber G, and the water out of that chamber into the discharge-pipe G, as before described. Highpressure water is upon the valve x, and holds it to its seat, and thus the valve m is held open, so that the mercury-column from C to D is free to force the water in D out through the discharge-pipe G', to join the water from the pipe G,and form a common current through G2. The iiow of mercury from D into C will continue until the float T is arrested by the collar U, and by that time it Will have fallen to the part of the cylinder D in which it fits as a piston. The pressure will then be upon the iioat T, and consequently through the rod S upon the left-hand end of the lever R.. This end will then be pulled downward, bringing the valve Q to its seat and lifting the valve Ql from its seat against the pressure that was holding it down. The valve Q will then in turn be held to its seat by the high pressure uponit. The valve Q being thus held open, the chambers P and V will be in communication, and the high pressure from the pipe F Will act upon the piston w and cause it to force the valve against its seat, while the piston itself will be forced out of its cylinder y. Communication will thus be established from the pipe F into the chamber D', when the reverse stroke of that just described will take place. Thus, for each volume of water that enters the apparatus by the pipe F, two Volumes will be discharged by the pipe G2, one of them being supplied by the pipe G, and the other by the pipe G'. To get the full effect of these volnmes, the mercury-columns should be high enough relatively to the discharging-water columns, and the passage should be free enough,

to insure Vthat the action produced by the falling of the mercury-column shall be quite as fast or slightly faster than the action produced by the high-pressure column of water. If the mercury-column docs its work first, the column of mercury .will come to a balance with the discharge-Water column, and the action upon that side will simply rest until the stroke reverses.

The object of reducing the size of the chambers D D at the bottom is merely to reduce the size of the iron floats. The chambers could be made of one diameter and the fioats T to fit them as pistons for the whole length; or if the U U and the mercury leaves them their mere weight should be sufficient to overbalance the pressure holding down the valves Q Q', then there need be no fit at all between the floats and the walls of the cylinders D D. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a water-elevating apparatus, the combination, with two mercury-vessels arranged one above another and a pipe leading from the bottom of the upper vessel downward to the bottom of the lower vessel, of suction and discharge pipes leading from the upper part or" the upper vessel and a pipe leading to the lower vessel, and through which water may be supplied under pressure to force the mercury therein into the upper vessel, substantially as herein described.

V2. In a water-elevating apparatus, the com- Y bination, with pairs of upper and lower mercury-vessels and pipes leading from the bottom of the upper vessels to the bottom of the lower vessels, of suction and discharge 'valves communicating with the upper part oHAs. w. coornn.

Witnesses:

C. HALL, 'FREDIL HAYNEs.

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