US3443358A - Precipitator voltage control - Google Patents

Precipitator voltage control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3443358A
US3443358A US463125A US3443358DA US3443358A US 3443358 A US3443358 A US 3443358A US 463125 A US463125 A US 463125A US 3443358D A US3443358D A US 3443358DA US 3443358 A US3443358 A US 3443358A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
precipitator
pulse
power
sampling
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US463125A
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English (en)
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John W Drenning
John B Thomas
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Beazer East Inc
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Koppers Co Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/903—Precipitators

Definitions

  • FIG-2 I l l I SWITCHING I PULSE MM J Ac SUPPLY 44 T I w 32 I EQ R 5% 364MB ⁇ 37- I 40 ig SUPPLY JI SUPFLfi/(Yfifi TOFTRBI 0 SAMPLING CYCLE m5 mm
  • FIG-4A SPARK-OVER v m VOLTAGE WW H VOLTAG O "-SAMPLING CYCLE (HUME SPARK-OVER Li l! lUTUfL l VOLTAGE i mvsw-roas JOHN w. DRENNING JOHN B. THOMAS wr. VOLTAGE BY W M 4M3,
  • This invention relates to a method and system for automatically controlling the energizing apparatus for electrostatic precipitators. More particularly, the present invention relates to maintaining the precipitator near but below spark-over voltage, thereby operating the system at maximum power.
  • the present invention controls the average or working potential applied to a precipitator in dependency on a sampling potential momentarily applied at recurrent intervals to detect the immediate value of the sparking potential.
  • the response of the precipitator to the higher voltage of the sampling pulse determines whether it is desirable to maintain or correct the working potential.
  • the problem of detecting and maintaining optimum operating conditions is complicated by the fact that the optimum operating voltage is constantly fluctuating due to changes in the chemical and electrical properties of gases passing through the precipitator, the dust concentration on the electrodes, and changes in atmospheric conditions.
  • the pulses applied to the precipitator electrodes must be constantly adjusted in amplitude to stay within the maximum efficiency level of voltage.
  • this has been accomplished by manual regulation of the input voltage, by spark rate control devices which provide predetermined sparking rates, or by control devices which gradually raise the input voltage and then quickly drop the voltage a preset amount when sparkover occurs.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide automatic control over the energization voltage applied to a precipitator to provide optimum operating efficiency, particularly in a pulsed precipitator.
  • a further object is to provide a novel method of sampling the sparkover-over voltage at predetermined intervals in order to determine fluctuations in the spark-over level.
  • a further object is to provide a method of automatic precipitator control in which sampling pulses of different amplitudes are used to prevent excessive power dissipation in power pulse sparks.
  • an automatic control device including a sequential power pulse and sampling pulse generator, sensing means to determine sparkover during a sampling pulse, and means responsive to the sensing means to vary the output of the pulse generator in order to follow a fluctuating spark-over voltage level.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an automatic precipitator control embodying the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention supplying two successive sampling pulses of different amplitude.
  • FIGS. 3A-C are graphs which display the operation of the system of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4A-B are graphs which show the operation of the system of FIG. 2.
  • the non-sampling pulses are generated by the circuitry comprising a DC. power supply 32 with an output line, feeding current limiting resistor 1, vacuum switching tube 4, energy storage capacitor 7, charging diode 13, and blocking diode 12.
  • an inductance may be used to replace resistor 1.
  • Tube 4 is normally in a non-conducting state due to the negative bias voltage supplied to the control grid by direct current supply 17, which is shown schematically as a battery. Because tube 4 is normally nonconducting, capacitor 7 is therefore normally charged to a voltage Ea through resistor 1 and charging diode 13. Capacitor 7 supplies the working power supply voltage to the precipitator.
  • the sampling pulse circuitry consists of conventional DC.
  • Sampling pulse storage capacitor 8 is therefore normally charged to a voltage, Eb, which is the higher sampling voltage for the precipitator.
  • capacitor 7 When capacitor 7 stops discharging, it is recharged by power supply 32 through resistor 1 and diode 13 to ground.
  • the interval between the power pulses is considerably longer than the duration of the pulse, so that energy replacement to the capacitor takes place over a relatively long period of time.
  • the power pulses may be supplied with a duration from 0.01 to to 0.001 second with a duty ratio of 0.1 to 0.5.
  • one positive switching pulse is applied to tube through capacitor 21 in the interval following a power switching pulse and terminating before the next power switching pulse.
  • the sampling pulse applied to the precipitator will be larger in voltage amplitude than the power pulses. Therefore, as seen in FIG. 3A, a series of power pulses 1, 2, 3 N-1 and one larger sampling pulse N are applied to the precipitator electrode 16 during the sampling cycle.
  • FIG. 3A a series of power pulses 1, 2, 3 N-1 and one larger sampling pulse N are applied to the precipitator electrode 16 during the sampling cycle.
  • sampling pulse N has a magnitude greater than the spark-over voltage, thereby causing spark-over during the duration of the sampling pulse which is detected by suitable means subsequently described. Detection of spark-over only during the sampling pulse then denotes proper operation and power is delivered to the precipitator at maximum efliciency during the power pulses. In practice the power loss during the sampling pulse will be small since it occupies only a small portion of the time during a given sampling cycle.
  • the sampling pulse rate may be a tenth of the power pulse rate, and the sampling pulse length may be equal to that of the power pulses or shorter by as much as a magnitude.
  • each of the pulses will be dictated by the requirements of the precipitator, but in a typical situation the power pulse could be about 35 kv. and the sampling pulse about 37 kv. Normally the sampling pulse magnitude will be preset at some operable value as 5 percent higher than the power pulses.
  • the voltage supply control unit in FIG. 1 consists of diodes 25 and 26 which sense voltage pulses generated by the energization of the precipitator across resistors 23 and 24. For instance, in normal operating conditions the precipitator will spark when a sampling pulse occurs and a large signal is generated across resistor 24. When a power pulse occurs, the precipitator will not spark and the signal generated across resistor 23 is relatively small.
  • the two signals are added through sensing diodes 25 and 26 and filtered with capacitor 27 and resistor 28 to produce a smooth signal of amplitude E
  • the operation of the sequential switching pulse generator unit in FIG. 1 is controlled by an adjustable speed motor 38 which drives rotating alternating voltage generators 40 and 41.
  • the speed of motor 38 may be adjusted by variable resistance 39.
  • the motor and generators may be of miniaturized construction since their power requirements are negligible
  • the alternating voltage from the generators triggers pulse generators 43 and 44 to produce a rectangular switching pulse for each voltage cycle from the alternating voltage generators.
  • the frequency of the power switching pulses from generator 43 and the sampling switching pulse from generator 44 is determined by the rotational speed of their respective alternating voltage generators.
  • Mechanical gearing is provided so that the relative phase as well as frequency of each pulse generator is adjustable.
  • the pulse width and therefore the duration of the power and sampling pulses may be individually set for optimum performance by adjustment of pulse generators 43 and 44.
  • sampling pulse is timed to occur between a pair of power pulses.
  • sampling pulse switching generator 44 may when operated supply an inhibiting control voltage via lead 45 to generator 43. This connection permits the substitution of the sampling pulses for power pulses in the power pulse sequence, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will maintain the amplitude of the power pulses applied to the precipitator at any desired level below spark-over voltage.
  • FIG, 3B when the power pulses are of too high voltage, considerable sparking will occur and unnecessary power dissipation results.
  • This disadvantage may be overcome by the use of apparatus utilizing two sampling pulses, so that decreasing spark-over voltage may be detected before it reaches the level of the power pulses.
  • FIG. 2 Such a system is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • this embodiment of the invention contains means to generate and control a second sampling pulse.
  • storage capacitors 7 and 8 will be charged with a voltage equal to the output of their respective power supplies.
  • capacitor 9 will be charged to a voltage of Be through resistor 3 and charging diode 15.
  • the switching pulse generator unit now supplies two sampling switching pulses at predetermined intervals among the series of power switching pulses so that switching tubes 4, 5 and 6 are sequentially caused to conduct.
  • operation of sampling pulse generators 44 and 46 preferably inhibit operation of generator 43 by the application of suitable gating or control voltages.
  • the charging capacitors are periodically discharged through diodes 10, 11, and 12 into precipitator 16, creating a resultant energizing waveform series shown graphically in FIG. 4A.
  • Power pulses 1, 2, 3 N+1, N+2 again constitute most of the sampling cycle, with first sampling pulse N and second sampling pulse M being spaced apart in a predetermined manner according to the adjustment of the switching pulse generator.
  • the second sampling pulse M has a greater magnitude than the first sampling pulse N, which in turn has a greater magnitude than the power pulses, Typically, with the power pulse adjusted to 35 kv. and the first sampling pulse to 37 kv., the second sampling pulse M would be adjusted to about 38 kv.
  • sensing diodes 25 and 26 are now placed between the cathodes of sampling switching tubes 5 and 6.
  • first sampling pulse N would not cause the precipitator to spark-over
  • second sampling pulse M would cause a spark to occur.
  • Diode 25 would then sense a small voltage across resistor 23 and diode 26 would sense a much larger spark-over pulse across resistor 24.
  • the spark-over voltage decreases and both of the sampling pulses cause a spark-over
  • the increased signal on resistor 23 will cause E to exceed E and a positive signal is applied to the servo-system.
  • Motor 35 will rotate to decrease the outputs of power supplies 32, 33, 34, thereby decreasing the magnitude of the power and sampling powers.
  • only limited spark-over and subsequent power loss may be seen to have resulted as no continuous spark-over occurred from the power pulse series.
  • the amplifier 31 receives a negative resultant signal and servo-motor 35 rotates to increase Ea, Eb, and Be.
  • the duration of the sampling pulse may be varied by adjustment of pulse generators 44 and 45. In this embodiment, the pulse lengths of the sampling pulses are made considerably shorter than the lengths of the power pulses. Thus, although deliberate spark-over is caused by the sampling pulses, little power loss results because of their short duration.
  • the control system of the invention provides means whereby a complete precipitator system may be automatically controlled in a manner to give consistent maximum operating efficiency.
  • a system for controlling the power supplied to an electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • adjustable output voltage working power supply means electrically connected to the precipitator electrodes
  • An electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • pulse means for recurrently applying a first momentary sampling voltage to the precipitator electrodes at a voltage higher than the working voltage and a second momentary sampling voltage at a voltage higher than the first sampling voltage
  • precipitator current responsive control means for the power supply means operative on spark over current surge during the first sampling voltage to reduce power supply voltage and operative on absence of spark over current surge during the second sampling voltage to raise power supply voltage.
  • An electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • power pulse supply means for supplying a series of power pulses for energizing said pair of electrodes near its spark over voltage
  • At least one higher voltage sampling pulse supply means for recurrently sampling the spark over voltage of said pair of electrodes.
  • the sampling pulse supply means is operative to supply pulses of substantially shorter duration than the power pulse supply means.
  • a system for energizing an electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • precipitator electrode means connected to for energization by the outputs of said energy storing means
  • sequential switching means connected to the outputs of said power supplies for causing said energy storing means recurrently to sequentially energize said precipitator means.
  • said sequential switching means comprises:
  • switching means comprises:
  • An electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • a power pulse storing means connected to the output of one power supply for delivering a series of recurrent power pulses
  • sampling pulse storing means connected to the re maining power supplies to deliver recurrent sampling pulses
  • precipitator electrode means connected to the one pulse storing means for energization at a point near spark over voltage
  • sequential switching control means for causing said pulse storing means to deliver a predetermined series of power and sampling pulses to said precipitator electrode means
  • sensing means responsive to precipitator current to provide an output signal
  • servomechanism means which varies the output voltage of said power supplies in accordance with the magnitude of the signal received from said sensing means.
  • sensing means comprises:
  • first sampling pulse supply means for detecting the decrease of the spark over voltage of said electrodes
  • second sampling pulse supply means for detecting the increase of said spark over voltage.
  • the method of controlling the voltage supply to an electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • the method of claim 23 further comprising: the step of increasing the voltage magnitude of the pulses if no spark over occurs during the sampling pulse. 25.
  • the method of controlling the voltage supply to an electrostatic precipitator comprising:
  • Means for controlling the proximity of the spark over voltage of an electrostatic precipitator with its operating voltage comprisingz voltage pulse generating means connectible with the electrodes of a precipitator to increase the voltage differential thereacross, current variation sensing means connectible with said precipitator to supply an output signal in response to spark over, servo-motor means connectible to a variable output voltage precipitator power supply, and control means for activating the servo-motor on absence of signal from the sensing means during pulse generation and for reversely activating the servomotor on signal from the sensing means during absence of pulse generation.

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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US463125A 1965-06-11 1965-06-11 Precipitator voltage control Expired - Lifetime US3443358A (en)

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3984215A (en) * 1975-01-08 1976-10-05 Hudson Pulp & Paper Corporation Electrostatic precipitator and method
US4075677A (en) * 1976-08-09 1978-02-21 Ransburg Corporation Electrostatic coating system
US4133649A (en) * 1975-09-02 1979-01-09 High Voltage Engineering Corporation Reduced power input for improved electrostatic precipitation systems
US4187527A (en) * 1976-08-09 1980-02-05 Ransburg Corporation Electrostatic coating system
US4413225A (en) * 1980-07-17 1983-11-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of operating an electrostatic precipitator
US4472174A (en) * 1983-04-25 1984-09-18 Raymond L. Chuan Method and apparatus for providing and using RF generated plasma for particle charging in electrostatic precipitation
US4558404A (en) * 1982-04-22 1985-12-10 Dresser Industries, Inc. Electrostatic precipitators
US4659342A (en) * 1980-12-17 1987-04-21 F.L. Smidth & Co. Method of controlling operation of an electrostatic precipitator
US5542967A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-08-06 Ponizovsky; Lazar Z. High voltage electrical apparatus for removing ecologically noxious substances from gases
US5575836A (en) * 1993-12-28 1996-11-19 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric dust collector
US20040217720A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-11-04 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow
US20050116166A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-02 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Corona discharge electrode and method of operating the same
US20050151490A1 (en) * 2003-01-28 2005-07-14 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and method of controlling a fluid flow
US20050178265A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Altman Ralph F. ESP performance optimization control
US20050200289A1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2005-09-15 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator
US20060005703A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-12 Chi-Hsiang Wang Ultraviolet air purifier having multiple charged collection plates
US20060055343A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-03-16 Krichtafovitch Igor A Spark management method and device
US20060226787A1 (en) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-12 Krichtafovitch Igor A Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and method of controlling a fluid flow
US7122070B1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-10-17 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for electrostatic fluid acceleration control of a fluid flow
US20080190295A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2008-08-14 Victor Reyes Pulse Generating System for Electrostatic Precipitator
US7532451B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2009-05-12 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Electrostatic fluid acclerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow
US20160339448A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for monitoring the signal quality of an electrostatic precipitator and electrostatic precipitator
US10328437B2 (en) * 2014-01-29 2019-06-25 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Environmental Solutions, Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator, charge control program for electrostatic precipitator, and charge control method for electrostatic precipitator

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US1959374A (en) * 1932-10-01 1934-05-22 Int Precipitation Co Method and apparatus for electrical precipitation
US1978426A (en) * 1931-08-08 1934-10-30 Int Precipitation Co Apparatus for electrical treatment of fluids
US2000019A (en) * 1930-12-16 1935-05-07 Int Precipitation Co Art of electrical precipitation
US2509548A (en) * 1948-05-27 1950-05-30 Research Corp Energizing electrical precipitator
US2623608A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-12-30 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2642149A (en) * 1951-07-30 1953-06-16 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators and the like
US2666496A (en) * 1951-09-06 1954-01-19 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators and the like
US2672208A (en) * 1951-04-03 1954-03-16 Research Corp Electrical precipitation
US2675092A (en) * 1952-05-15 1954-04-13 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2767804A (en) * 1953-03-23 1956-10-23 Western Precipitation Corp Meter protection and signal circuit for electric precipitators
US2841239A (en) * 1955-02-16 1958-07-01 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2925142A (en) * 1953-12-07 1960-02-16 Koppers Co Inc Electrical precipitator
US2935155A (en) * 1954-07-09 1960-05-03 Joy Mfg Co Apparatus for controlling electrical precipitators
US2978065A (en) * 1957-07-03 1961-04-04 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Regulating electric precipitators
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US1934923A (en) * 1929-08-03 1933-11-14 Int Precipitation Co Method and apparatus for electrical precipitation
US1865907A (en) * 1930-02-10 1932-07-05 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Gas purification
US2000019A (en) * 1930-12-16 1935-05-07 Int Precipitation Co Art of electrical precipitation
US1978426A (en) * 1931-08-08 1934-10-30 Int Precipitation Co Apparatus for electrical treatment of fluids
US1959374A (en) * 1932-10-01 1934-05-22 Int Precipitation Co Method and apparatus for electrical precipitation
US2509548A (en) * 1948-05-27 1950-05-30 Research Corp Energizing electrical precipitator
US2623608A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-12-30 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2672208A (en) * 1951-04-03 1954-03-16 Research Corp Electrical precipitation
US2642149A (en) * 1951-07-30 1953-06-16 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators and the like
US2666496A (en) * 1951-09-06 1954-01-19 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators and the like
US2675092A (en) * 1952-05-15 1954-04-13 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2767804A (en) * 1953-03-23 1956-10-23 Western Precipitation Corp Meter protection and signal circuit for electric precipitators
US2925142A (en) * 1953-12-07 1960-02-16 Koppers Co Inc Electrical precipitator
US2935155A (en) * 1954-07-09 1960-05-03 Joy Mfg Co Apparatus for controlling electrical precipitators
US2841239A (en) * 1955-02-16 1958-07-01 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US3039252A (en) * 1956-01-12 1962-06-19 Research Corp Electrical precipitator power system
US3039253A (en) * 1956-05-02 1962-06-19 Research Corp Electrical precipitator power system
US2978065A (en) * 1957-07-03 1961-04-04 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Regulating electric precipitators
US2992699A (en) * 1958-04-03 1961-07-18 Gen Electric Control system for electrostatic precipitator

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3984215A (en) * 1975-01-08 1976-10-05 Hudson Pulp & Paper Corporation Electrostatic precipitator and method
US4133649A (en) * 1975-09-02 1979-01-09 High Voltage Engineering Corporation Reduced power input for improved electrostatic precipitation systems
US4075677A (en) * 1976-08-09 1978-02-21 Ransburg Corporation Electrostatic coating system
US4187527A (en) * 1976-08-09 1980-02-05 Ransburg Corporation Electrostatic coating system
US4413225A (en) * 1980-07-17 1983-11-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of operating an electrostatic precipitator
US4659342A (en) * 1980-12-17 1987-04-21 F.L. Smidth & Co. Method of controlling operation of an electrostatic precipitator
US4558404A (en) * 1982-04-22 1985-12-10 Dresser Industries, Inc. Electrostatic precipitators
US4472174A (en) * 1983-04-25 1984-09-18 Raymond L. Chuan Method and apparatus for providing and using RF generated plasma for particle charging in electrostatic precipitation
US5575836A (en) * 1993-12-28 1996-11-19 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric dust collector
US5542967A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-08-06 Ponizovsky; Lazar Z. High voltage electrical apparatus for removing ecologically noxious substances from gases
US5601633A (en) * 1994-10-06 1997-02-11 Ponizovsky; Lazar Z. High voltage electrical method for removing ecologically noxious substances from gases
US7652431B2 (en) 1998-10-16 2010-01-26 Tessera, Inc. Electrostatic fluid accelerator
US20050200289A1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2005-09-15 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator
US7497893B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2009-03-03 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Method of electrostatic acceleration of a fluid
US20070247077A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2007-10-25 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Method of Electrostatic Acceleration of a Fluid
US20060236859A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-10-26 Krichtafovitch Igor A Method of and apparatus for electrostatic fluid acceleration control of a fluid flow
US7122070B1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-10-17 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for electrostatic fluid acceleration control of a fluid flow
US20040217720A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-11-04 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow
US20060055343A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-03-16 Krichtafovitch Igor A Spark management method and device
US7532451B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2009-05-12 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Electrostatic fluid acclerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow
US7594958B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2009-09-29 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Spark management method and device
US7262564B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2007-08-28 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and a method of controlling fluid flow
US20050151490A1 (en) * 2003-01-28 2005-07-14 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and method of controlling a fluid flow
US7248003B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2007-07-24 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and method of controlling a fluid flow
US7157704B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2007-01-02 Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc. Corona discharge electrode and method of operating the same
US20050116166A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-02 Krichtafovitch Igor A. Corona discharge electrode and method of operating the same
US7081152B2 (en) * 2004-02-18 2006-07-25 Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated ESP performance optimization control
US20050178265A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Altman Ralph F. ESP performance optimization control
US20060005703A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-12 Chi-Hsiang Wang Ultraviolet air purifier having multiple charged collection plates
US20080190295A1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2008-08-14 Victor Reyes Pulse Generating System for Electrostatic Precipitator
US7547353B2 (en) * 2004-10-26 2009-06-16 F.L. Smidth Airtech A/S Pulse generating system for electrostatic precipitator
US20090047182A1 (en) * 2005-04-04 2009-02-19 Krichtafovitch Igor A Electrostatic Fluid Accelerator for Controlling a Fluid Flow
US7410532B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2008-08-12 Krichtafovitch Igor A Method of controlling a fluid flow
US20060226787A1 (en) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-12 Krichtafovitch Igor A Electrostatic fluid accelerator for and method of controlling a fluid flow
US8049426B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2011-11-01 Tessera, Inc. Electrostatic fluid accelerator for controlling a fluid flow
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GB1083788A (en) 1967-09-20
DE1557099A1 (de) 1970-03-12
CH448974A (de) 1967-12-31

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