US3444487A - Waveguide having corrugated exterior and smooth metal coated interior - Google Patents

Waveguide having corrugated exterior and smooth metal coated interior Download PDF

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Publication number
US3444487A
US3444487A US583769A US3444487DA US3444487A US 3444487 A US3444487 A US 3444487A US 583769 A US583769 A US 583769A US 3444487D A US3444487D A US 3444487DA US 3444487 A US3444487 A US 3444487A
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
corrugation
wall
present
section
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Expired - Lifetime
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US583769A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Krank
Gerhard Schickle
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Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
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Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/14—Hollow waveguides flexible

Definitions

  • a flexible waveguide structure which has a non-circular internal cross section, is provided with a hollow dielectric support tube whose outer surface is corrugated and defines the outer wall of such waveguide structure and a thin metal layer disposed on the inner surface of the support tube which defines a smooth inner wall for such structure.
  • the present invention relates to waveguides, and particularly to flexible waveguides for the transmission of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves.
  • German Patent No. 1,025,473 it has also been recently suggested, in German Patent No. 1,025,473, for example, to fabricate a flexible waveguide utilizing a dielectric foam as the waveguide support.
  • the waveguide itself is constituted by longitudinally extending metallic foils disposed on the support.
  • These waveguides which have a rectangular cross section, have not proven to be satisfactory in practice because they barely satisfy existing radiation prevention requirements and because the nature of the dielectric foam is such as to cause these waveguides to have a relatively high attenuation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible waveguide of relatively light weight.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible waveguide having improved electrical characteristics.
  • a flexible waveguide structure having a non-circular internal cross section and including a hollow dielectric support tube whose outer surface defines the outer wall of the structure, and a thin metal layer disposed on the inner surface of the tube and defining the inner wall of the structure, at least one of the walls being corrugated.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional detail view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 1 of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 4 of yet a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 4 of a still further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is an axial, cross-sectional view showing one form of construction of embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 8 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 7 of another form of construction thereof.
  • FIGURE 9 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 7 of yet another form of construction thereof.
  • FIGURE 10 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 7 of still another form of construction thereof.
  • FIGURE 11 is a view similar to that of FIGURE 7 of a further form of construction thereof.
  • the present invention permits a relatively long waveguide, which is sufliciently flexible to be wound onto a drum, to be fabricated in one piece.
  • This waveguide preferably has a non-circular internal cross section and has a corrugated inner and/or outer surface.
  • the hollow dielectric support can be made of any flexible dielectric, such as polyolefine, polyvinylchloride, or polytetrafluorethylene, for example, or foam bodies of these materials.
  • the metal layer can advantageously be constituted, for example, by copper, copper alloys, silver, or aluminum.
  • the waveguide has a corrugated inner wall and a smooth outer Wall.
  • the corrugations may have a zero pitch angle, i.e., they may be in the form of a succession of circular corrugations, or they may be in the form of a continuous helical corrugation having a pitch angle (,0.
  • the corruations may follow an approximately sinusoidal path in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wave-guide. They may also be formed so that each corrugation has a cosine-squared shape.
  • the corrugations can also be in the form of a plurality of identical, spaced arcs of any suitable configuration.
  • the waveguide has an elliptical internal cross section and is provided with a helical corrugation.
  • FIGURE 1 of the drawings there is shown a partial, longitudinal cross-sectional view of a waveguide constituting a first embodiment of the present invention
  • the x-axis of the drawing represents the longitudinal waveguide axis and the y-axis is taken along one radius of the waveguide cross section.
  • the waveguide is constituted by a dielectric support 1 on the inner surface of which is dis-posed a thin metal layer 2 constituting the waveguide conductor.
  • the dimension W represents the minimum waveguide radius along the coordinate y.
  • the dimension S represents the distance between a corresponding point of two successive corrugations. When the waveguide has a helical corrugation, the dimension S represents the corrugation pitch.
  • the pitch S is preferably chosen so as to satisfy the following relationship:
  • a represents the wavelength of the lowest frequency of the dominant waveguide mode.
  • the outer wall of the waveguide is smooth and the inner wall thereof is corrugated.
  • the corrugation has a depth t and is given an approximately sinusoidal shape which can be represented by the equation:
  • n preferably has a value of +1.
  • This waveguide also preferably has an approximately elliptical cross section whose effective major axis is 20 and whose elfective minor axis is 212
  • a pitch angle (,0)
  • y is the shape of the corrugation along a longitudinal plane passing through the major axis of the waveguide elliptical cross section 3 represents the shape of the corrugations along a longitudinal plane passing through the minor axis of the waveguide elliptical cross section, t represents the corrugation depth in the direction of the major elliptical axis, and t represents the corrugation depth in the direction of the minor elliptical axis.
  • n is made equal to +1, r is less than equal to 0.05M; and also less than or equal to 0.la and the pitch angle (p is equal to or less than 8.
  • the corrugation depth I must have a value of between 0.7t and 1.4t, and is preferably made approximately equal to t.
  • the thickness of metal layer 2 is preferably made at least equal to the skin depth a. However, in order to reduce radiation of the microwave energy, and the accompanying attenuation of the transmitted wave, it is preferable to give the layer 2 a thickness which is double or triple the skin depth a. This is particularly desirable when two such waveguide are disposed adjacent one another because it is then extremely important that the signals being transmitted by the two waveguides be sufiiciently decoupled. This decoupling can be efiected either by giving the metal layer a sufficient thickness or by introducing into the dielectric support 1 a material, such as graphite for example, which will absorb any energy passing through the layer 2. This latter arrangement will thus produce a damping of the energy passing through the metal layer 2.
  • FIGURE -2 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention which is similar to that of FIGURE 1 except for the form given the corrugation of the waveguide inner wall.
  • the corrugation shown in FIGURE 2 is approximately parabolic and may be described by the following equation:
  • the path defined by the corrugation along a longitudinal plane through the minor axis of the elliptical cross section may be represented by an equation which bears the same relation to the equation set forth above as that existing between the equations relating to y and y set forth earlier in connection with the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
  • the same conditions as those set forth in connection with the description of the embodiment of FIGURE 1 apply to the embodiment of FIGURE 2 insofar as concerns the pitch angle (p and the corrugation depths t and t for obtaining a minimum reflection coefficient.
  • FIGURE 3 shows another waveguide according to the present invention which is identical with that shown in FIGURES l and 2, with the exception that it is provided with a corrugation having the form of a train of cosine-squared corrugations, with each individual corrugation having a longitudinal extent of 2 5.
  • the configuration of the corrugated inner wall in a direction parallel to the x-axis may be represented by the following equation:
  • T is the minimum inner radius of the waveguiide along the y-axis.
  • corrugation depth along the minor elliptical axis of the waveguide cross section may be different from that along the major axis thereof.
  • the values of the corrugation depths t and 1 along the major and minor elliptical axes, respectively, are determined in the same manner as that set forth above in connection with the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 4 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention in which the waveguide is provided with a smooth inner wall and a corrugated outer wall.
  • the corrugation is preferably arranged to yield the desired flexibility and can have any of the configurations described above in connection with FIG- URES 1 to 3.
  • FIGURE 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which both the inner and outer walls of the waveguide are corrugated.
  • the dielectric support 1 has a uniform thickness along the entire length of the waveguide.
  • the same corrugation is formed on the outer waveguide wall as on the inner waveguide wall.
  • This corrugation can be given any one of the configurations described above in connection with FIGURES 1 to 3.
  • FIGURE 6 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention in which both the inner and outer waveguide walls are corrugated, with the inner waveguide wall corrugation being different from the outer wall corrugation.
  • the outer wall corrugation is preferably formed in accordance with the mechanical requirements imposed on the waveguide with regard to its ability to be twisted and bent and its mechanical stability, while the inner corrugation is selected so as to impart the desired electrical properties to the waveguide,
  • the outer wall of the support 1 is preferably covered with a second metal layers 5.
  • the provision of two metal layers is highly advantageous because it results in the creation of a coaxial conductor system which can be used in the manner of an ordinary coaxial conductor to transmit an additional signal having a low frequency.
  • the outer conductive layer 5 can be arranged to have at least one interruption.
  • This interruption may extend in a longitudinal direction or, when maximum twistability and flexibility are required, the interruption can extend along the trough of the corrugation in ⁇ the outer waveguide wall.
  • this outer corrugation is in the form of a plurality of spaced circular corrugations, the formation of a gap along the trough of each such corrugation eliminates the possibility of using the two metal layers as a coaxial transmission system.
  • a protective sheath 6 preferably made of a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material.
  • waveguides according to the present invention are intended to effect a highly efficient transmission of linearly polarized waves.
  • waveguides according to the present invention are constructed to have a noncircular inner cross section. When such a cross section is provided, the plane of polarization of a transmitted wave is prevented from undergoing an undesired rotation, as occurs in waveguides having a circular inner cross section.
  • the desired mode of operation according to the present invention can be achieved by modifying the inner cross section of a normally circular waveguide by attaching one or more metallic, dielectric, or metallized longitudinal bars to the inner waveguide wall.
  • FIGURE 7 shows one such arrangement in which the generally cylindrical support 71 is provided on its inner wall with two longitudinally extending projections 3 and 4 which effectively destroy the circular configuration of the inner waveguide cross section and which give the device the form of a ridged waveguide.
  • the metal layer 2 is applied to the inner wall of support 71 and upon the exposed surfaces of bars 3 and 4. It should be appreciated that this represents only one of the many possible configurations which can be employed in accordance with the present invention for the purpose of permitting an eflicient transmission of linearly polarized waves while preventing any rotation of their plane or polarization.
  • the waveguide could also be given a configuration of the type shown in FIG- URE 8 wherein the dielectric support 81 has a generally rectangular cross section and is provided with rounded corners, or it may be given the form shown in FIGURE 9 wherein the dielectric support 91 has an approximately elliptical cross section.
  • Waveguides having the electrical characteristics contemplated by the present invention can also be constructed to have a cross section defining a symmetrically or asymmetrically flattened circle.
  • FIGURE 10 shows one embodiment of the present invention corresponding to an asymmetrically flattened circle
  • FIGURE 11 shows an embodiment corresponding to a symmetrically flattened circle
  • the embodiment of FIGURE 10 is provided with a dielectric support 101
  • the embodiment of FIGURE 11 is provided with a dielectric support 111.
  • the flattening corresponds to a respective one of the cross section axes 2:1 and 212
  • Waveguides of the types described above can also be provided with internally extending ridges for the purpose of increasing their conduction bandwidth.
  • the ends of waveguides according to the present invention are in such a Way as to permit them to perform the function of a junction.
  • the end of the waveguide can be originally fabricated in the form of a socket or can be subsequently connected to a suitable junction to form a complete structural unit.
  • the metal layers 2 and 5 are preferably applied by means of the known electroless metal plating processes.
  • waveguides constructed according to the present invention have electrical characteristics which are comparable to those of prior art waveguides, while being substantially lighter in weight and more flexible and twistible, and while being capable of being produced in the form of relatively long, unitary pieces.
  • a flexible waveguide structure having a non-circular internal cross section comprising, in combination:
  • An arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising electromagnetic energy absorbing material distributed throughout said tube.
  • An arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising an additional thin metal layer disposed on the outer surface of said tube.
  • An arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising a protective sheath of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material enclosing said waveguide.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
US583769A 1965-10-01 1966-10-03 Waveguide having corrugated exterior and smooth metal coated interior Expired - Lifetime US3444487A (en)

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DET0029512 1965-10-01

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US (1) US3444487A (de)
AT (1) AT267616B (de)
CH (1) CH450511A (de)
DE (1) DE1590675C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1158485A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603905A (en) * 1968-10-05 1971-09-07 Telefunken Patent Symmetrical flexible waveguide
US3623115A (en) * 1968-12-07 1971-11-23 Telefunken Patent Directional antenna
US3648201A (en) * 1968-11-08 1972-03-07 Telefunken Patent Plastic covered flexible waveguide formed from a metal coated dielectric layer
US3659234A (en) * 1968-09-21 1972-04-25 Telefunken Patent Broadband flexible wave guides
JPS5115178A (ja) * 1974-07-30 1976-02-06 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd Chojakukatodohakan
US3946343A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-23 Tech Systems Corporation Bendable wave guide
US3974467A (en) * 1974-07-30 1976-08-10 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Long flexible waveguide
US4047133A (en) * 1973-09-17 1977-09-06 Andrew Corporation Continuous corrugated waveguide and method of producing the same
US4268804A (en) * 1977-08-17 1981-05-19 Spinner Gmbh Transmission line apparatus for dominant TE11 waves
US5363464A (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-11-08 Tangible Domain Inc. Dielectric/conductive waveguide
WO2005069427A1 (de) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-28 Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg Mikrowellenleitende anordnung
WO2019243766A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Airbus Defence And Space Limited Flexible waveguide
EP3534194A4 (de) * 2016-11-30 2020-07-01 Pioneer Corporation Kabel zur übertragung elektromagnetischer wellen

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU177317B (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-09-28 Finommech Vallalat Curved wave guide for transfering microwave signals
DE3234699A1 (de) * 1982-09-18 1984-03-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Flexibler hohlleiter fuer millimeterwellen sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen
GB2206725A (en) * 1987-07-10 1989-01-11 Enryb Enterprises Limited Microwave transmission coaxial cable
JP5947618B2 (ja) 2012-05-21 2016-07-06 矢崎総業株式会社 導波管及び車載用通信システム

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB739488A (en) * 1952-12-01 1955-11-02 Mini Of Supply Improvements in or relating to flexible electromagnetic waveguides
US2758612A (en) * 1953-10-30 1956-08-14 Gen Precision Lab Inc Flexible waveguide
CA557003A (en) * 1958-05-06 D. Grieg Donald Microwave wire and cable
US2908746A (en) * 1954-10-29 1959-10-13 Murphy Radio Ltd Variable delay line
US2950454A (en) * 1958-10-30 1960-08-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Helix wave guide
US3016502A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spurious mode suppressing wave guide
US3101458A (en) * 1958-08-04 1963-08-20 Texas Instruments Inc Ferrite phase shifter having casing-supported thin-foil waveguide, with magnetising pole pieces penetrating the casing
US3101744A (en) * 1962-02-26 1963-08-27 Lord Mfg Co Wave guide damped against mechanical vibration by exterior viscoelastic and rigid lamination
DE1193125B (de) * 1963-09-18 1965-05-20 Telefunken Patent Trommelbarer Hohlleiter
US3290762A (en) * 1964-09-11 1966-12-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries Method of manufacturing flexible waveguide
US3299374A (en) * 1964-04-04 1967-01-17 Telefunken Patent Asymmetrical waveguide
US3364446A (en) * 1964-11-24 1968-01-16 Telefunken Patent Waveguide

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA557003A (en) * 1958-05-06 D. Grieg Donald Microwave wire and cable
GB739488A (en) * 1952-12-01 1955-11-02 Mini Of Supply Improvements in or relating to flexible electromagnetic waveguides
US2758612A (en) * 1953-10-30 1956-08-14 Gen Precision Lab Inc Flexible waveguide
US2908746A (en) * 1954-10-29 1959-10-13 Murphy Radio Ltd Variable delay line
US3101458A (en) * 1958-08-04 1963-08-20 Texas Instruments Inc Ferrite phase shifter having casing-supported thin-foil waveguide, with magnetising pole pieces penetrating the casing
US2950454A (en) * 1958-10-30 1960-08-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Helix wave guide
US3016502A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spurious mode suppressing wave guide
US3101744A (en) * 1962-02-26 1963-08-27 Lord Mfg Co Wave guide damped against mechanical vibration by exterior viscoelastic and rigid lamination
DE1193125B (de) * 1963-09-18 1965-05-20 Telefunken Patent Trommelbarer Hohlleiter
US3299374A (en) * 1964-04-04 1967-01-17 Telefunken Patent Asymmetrical waveguide
US3290762A (en) * 1964-09-11 1966-12-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries Method of manufacturing flexible waveguide
US3364446A (en) * 1964-11-24 1968-01-16 Telefunken Patent Waveguide

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3659234A (en) * 1968-09-21 1972-04-25 Telefunken Patent Broadband flexible wave guides
US3603905A (en) * 1968-10-05 1971-09-07 Telefunken Patent Symmetrical flexible waveguide
US3648201A (en) * 1968-11-08 1972-03-07 Telefunken Patent Plastic covered flexible waveguide formed from a metal coated dielectric layer
US3623115A (en) * 1968-12-07 1971-11-23 Telefunken Patent Directional antenna
US4047133A (en) * 1973-09-17 1977-09-06 Andrew Corporation Continuous corrugated waveguide and method of producing the same
US3946343A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-23 Tech Systems Corporation Bendable wave guide
JPS5115178A (ja) * 1974-07-30 1976-02-06 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd Chojakukatodohakan
US3974467A (en) * 1974-07-30 1976-08-10 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Long flexible waveguide
US4268804A (en) * 1977-08-17 1981-05-19 Spinner Gmbh Transmission line apparatus for dominant TE11 waves
US5363464A (en) * 1993-06-28 1994-11-08 Tangible Domain Inc. Dielectric/conductive waveguide
WO2005069427A1 (de) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-28 Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg Mikrowellenleitende anordnung
US20080297285A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2008-12-04 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Microwave Conducting Arrangement
EP3534194A4 (de) * 2016-11-30 2020-07-01 Pioneer Corporation Kabel zur übertragung elektromagnetischer wellen
US11018403B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-05-25 Pioneer Corporation Electromagnetic wave transmission cable including a hollow dielectric tube surrounded by a foamed resin member having different expansion ratios at different regions therein
WO2019243766A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Airbus Defence And Space Limited Flexible waveguide
US11705612B2 (en) 2018-06-21 2023-07-18 Airbus Defence And Space Limited Flexible waveguide

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DE1590675C3 (de) 1974-07-18
GB1158485A (en) 1969-07-16
DE1590675B2 (de) 1973-12-20
AT267616B (de) 1969-01-10
DE1590675A1 (de) 1970-05-21
CH450511A (de) 1968-01-31

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