US3448322A - Direct filament enclosed incandescent lamps and contact means therefor - Google Patents

Direct filament enclosed incandescent lamps and contact means therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3448322A
US3448322A US601927A US3448322DA US3448322A US 3448322 A US3448322 A US 3448322A US 601927 A US601927 A US 601927A US 3448322D A US3448322D A US 3448322DA US 3448322 A US3448322 A US 3448322A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filament
envelope
quartz
lamp
aperture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US601927A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger C Millikan
Ludwig A Osburg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3448322A publication Critical patent/US3448322A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/38—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/20—Seals between parts of vessels
    • H01J5/22—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel
    • H01J5/24—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel between insulating parts of vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0033—Vacuum connection techniques applicable to discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0037—Solid sealing members other than lamp bases
    • H01J2893/0038—Direct connection between two insulating elements, in particular via glass material
    • H01J2893/004—Quartz-to-quartz connection

Definitions

  • an electric incandescent lamp wherein an incandescible filament is fused directly through a quartz-like bulb wall, the emerging end of the filament is protected from oxidation by imbedding the same in a massive heat sink of metal or metal alloy formed thereabout.
  • This application discloses an improved type of incandescent lamp wherein an incandescible filament is disposed within a quartz or quartz-like envelope and is passed in a heat resistant hermetic seal directly through the quartz or quartz-like wall thereof. More specifically this application discloses an arrangement for making electrical contact to the incandescible filament after it has passed through the envelope wall. This constitutes the use of a massive plug of soft metal which makes good electrical contact to the incandescible filament and serves as a heat sink to protect it from oxidation by over-heating during operation.
  • Deterioration of the tungsten filament is prevented or minimized by the inclusion of an atmosphere of elemental iodine so that the iodide regenerative cycle returns evaporated tungsten from the inner bulb wall to the filament thus insuring high efficiency and long life of operation.
  • the lamps of the aforementioned Millikan application are a great improvement on lamps of the prior art and facilitate greatly reduced costs of fabrication resulting in superior lamps having less probability of failure due to seal failure, the lamps are subject to deterioration by degradation of the incandescible filament that is exterior of the envelope and exterior of the seal.
  • the exposed tungsten filament being of small dimension and being operated at a high temperature is extremely susceptible to oxidation at temperatures of operation and tend to limit the life of the lamps so formed.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide incandescent lamps of the type described having means for protecting the exposed portion of the incandescible filament outside of the lamp envelope from premature destruction due to oxidation during operation.
  • incandescible filament lamps wherein the filament passes directly through a quartz or quartz-like envelope wall in which the configuration of the lamp body exterior of the point of emergence of the incandescible filament constitutes a re-entrant aperture terminating in a point through which the sealed-through filament emerges.
  • the interior portion of this aperture is filled with a massive body of a soft-intermediate melting point metal or alloy, as for example nickel, which is molded to fit the configuration of the aperture and which protects the emerging filament from oxidation during operation, both by limiting the amount of contaminating atmosphere to which it may be exposed by serving as a massive heat sink so as to greatly reduce the temperature of the incandescible filament external of the envelope.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical cross-sectional View, with parts broken away, of a lamp constructed in accord with the present invention and,
  • FIGURE 2 is an alternative embodiment to the device of FIGURE 1 also shown in vertical cross-section with parts broken away.
  • FIGURE 1 of the drawing there is illustrated an incandescent lamp comprising an envelope member 1 including a large hollow tubular section 2 and a pair of smaller tubular sections 3 and 4 at opposite ends thereof.
  • An incandescible filament 5 passes concentrically through the envelope 1 and is directly sealed at regions 6 and 7 through the material of the envelope 1. This sealing may be accomplished, for example, by heating the tungsten filament to a white heat with, for example, a flowing hot gas which may be a noble or inert gas while at the same' time heating the envelope material to cause the same to melt or deform and come into contact with the incandescible filament in the absence of any intervening gaseous or other impurity layer and form an intimate hermetic seal.
  • a flowing hot gas which may be a noble or inert gas
  • Such a seal does not crack, craze or break under repeated operations at temperatures up to 1000" C., for example, even in view of the difference in coefiicient of expansion between the incandescible tungsten or other refractory material and the quartz, or quartzlike material of which the envelope is made.
  • quartz is one preferred envelope material with which the invention may be practiced because of its high temperature of softening, this is a function of silica (SiO) of which quartz is made.
  • SiO silica
  • the same desirable qualities are found in other light-transmissive, vitreous quartz-like materials having a high proportion of silica, as for example, Corning Vycor, which is approximately silica, and also has sealing problems in that it has a low, quartz-like coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • Such material will be referred to herein, as quartz-like materials.
  • quartz for convenience, hereinafter it will simply be referred to as quartz.
  • the method of preparing such seals is set forth in greater detail in the aforementioned copending application of R. C. Millikan, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated hereinto by reference thereto.
  • the entire portion of pointed aperture 9 surrounding the point of emergence is filled with a solidified mass 10 of metal or metal alloy which firmly electrically and mechanically connects to end portion 8 of filament 5.
  • a lamp lead 11 is also embedded within metallic mass 10 to provide electrical and mechanical connection of the lamp to a source of electrical energy to cause lamp operation.
  • Solidified metallic mass 10 completely fills the interior end of cusp-shaped pointed aperture 9 in tubular portion 3 of envelope 1 during its formation when it is formed as a liquid within aperture 9.
  • a similar metallic mass 10 is located in the opposite aperture 9 within constricted tubulation 4 of envelope 1 at the opposite end thereof and a similar electrode lead 11 is embedded therein.
  • Metallic mass 10 is composed of a metal or metallic alloy having a melting point of between approximately 600 C. and 1500 C.
  • mass 10 may become too soft at the temperature at which the lamp operates, for the end of the lamp approaches this temperature, even though the filament itself may be at 1000 C., for example. If the melting point of metallic mass 10 is above approximately 1500 C., the silica material of the envelope may be undesirably softened and deformed in melting the metal or metal alloy to form mass 10. In addition to nickel, mass 10 may conveniently be lead, tin or any solder or alloy of lead, tin or nickel whose melting point is within this range.
  • nickel mass 10 serves an additional and overwhelmingly important function. Since end portion 8 of filament 5 is exterior of the quartz envelope and is heated by the same current which causes the portions thereof which are imbedded in the quartz and which are enclosed within the hollow portion of envelope 1 to become incandescent and emit light as well as heat, it tends also ,to become very hot. Such a raise in temperature of end portion 8, if permitted would soon cause that portion of the filament to become oxidized to the point of destruction. Those portions of filament 5 which are enclosed within quartz envelope 1, within hollow portion thereof, are protected from oxidation by the enclosure.
  • End portion 8 on the other hand, is not. Since end portion 8 is not protected from ambient atmosphere, it must be kept from the exceedingly high temperatures attendant incandescence to protect against destructive oxidation. The resistance of end portion 8 to the flow of electrical current, which would produce the increase in temperature thereof, must also produce an increase in temperature of mass of nickel which is in intimate thermal contact therewith. Accordingly, mass 10 serves as an excellent heat sink which precludes end portion 8 of filament 5' from being raised to such high temperatures as would permit the oxidation thereof and subsequent destruction.
  • Envelope 1 comprises a first tubular section 2 and a pair of end portions 3 and 4, through which a concentrically located incandescible filament 5 passes in close proximity to the interior walls thereof.
  • Incandescible filament 5 is sealed in hermetic seal through the quartz constituting envelope 1 at seal regions 6 and 7 and an end portion 8 of filament 5 extends into a pointed aperture in the quartz envelope 1 exterior of the seal.
  • This aperture is filled with a mass 10 of elemental nickel which is in intimate mechanical and electrical contact with filament end portion 8 and completely fills the volume of end aperture 9.
  • a metallic end cap 12 having a cup-shaped configuration surrounds the end of quartz envelope 1 and is suitably bonded by welding, brazing, or other suitable mechanical means to nickel mass 10 to provide intimate mechanical, electrical and thermal contact thereto. Electrical contact to the device is made by suitable contact connections to electrode members 12 which are disposed at opposite ends of envelope 1.
  • the electric lamps constructed in accord with the present invention are made substantially as the lamps disclosed and claimed in the aforementioned copending application of R. C. Millikan. After the incandescible filament has been sealed through the quartz tubulation at either end thereof, the envelope is preferably held in a vertical position and a pointed nickel rod is pressed into the very top of the aperture 9 at the point where filament end 8 emerges from the quartz of seal region 6.
  • a protective atmosphere preferably of hydrogen or nitrogen, is directed into the region of the emergence of filament end 8 and the temperature of the quartz in this vicinity is raised to a temperature which is just suflicient to cause melting of the nickel but insufiicient to cause sufficient softening of the quartz as to adversely affect either the characteristics of the quartz-to-tungsten seal or the physical configuration of the region of emergence of the filament end 8 from seal region 6 of envelope 1.
  • lamp lead and support member 11 is inserted into the molten nickel and the source of heat, which may conveniently be a source of superheated gas or an electrical resistance coil is removed and mass 10 is allowed to solidify. Sutficient filling may be obtained in a 0.150" diameter aperture by the use of from 1 to 5 grams of nickel. After solidification the lamp may be conveniently inverted and the same process repeated with respect to the other end thereof completing fabrication of the seal.
  • heat sink means including a solidified mass of a metallic material substantially filling at least the inner region of said aperture and making a good electrical and a strong mechanical connection between said emerging filament and the inner walls of said aperture;
  • the metallic mass within said aperture is a metal or metal alloy having a softening point above the operating temperature of the lamp envelope end and a melting point below the softening point of the lamp envelope.
  • velope is of quartz and the metallic material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, lead, tin and alloys thereof.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US601927A 1966-12-15 1966-12-15 Direct filament enclosed incandescent lamps and contact means therefor Expired - Lifetime US3448322A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60192766A 1966-12-15 1966-12-15
US60193066A 1966-12-15 1966-12-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3448322A true US3448322A (en) 1969-06-03

Family

ID=27083991

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US601927A Expired - Lifetime US3448322A (en) 1966-12-15 1966-12-15 Direct filament enclosed incandescent lamps and contact means therefor
US601930A Expired - Lifetime US3448320A (en) 1966-12-15 1966-12-15 Electric lamp and method of manufacture

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US601930A Expired - Lifetime US3448320A (en) 1966-12-15 1966-12-15 Electric lamp and method of manufacture

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US3448322A (de)
AT (1) AT281992B (de)
BR (1) BR6795177D0 (de)
CH (1) CH463620A (de)
DE (1) DE1589184A1 (de)
ES (2) ES348283A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1178127A (de)
NL (1) NL6716903A (de)
SE (1) SE335176B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710169A (en) * 1969-02-21 1973-01-09 Philips Corp Halogen filament lamp having an internal all protection arrangement
US3778663A (en) * 1971-04-07 1973-12-11 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Electric lamps and discharge devices
US4208607A (en) * 1978-03-15 1980-06-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with tin or lead alloy plug for lead-in
US4236045A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-11-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp
US4275329A (en) * 1978-12-29 1981-06-23 General Electric Company Electrode with overwind for miniature metal vapor lamp
US4404491A (en) * 1979-11-09 1983-09-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793615A (en) * 1970-11-04 1974-02-19 Gen Electric Oxidation-resistant lead-in conductors for electrical devices
US4453106A (en) * 1980-07-24 1984-06-05 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Compression base lamp
GB2132060B (en) * 1982-12-24 1985-12-18 Thorn Emi Domestic Appliances Heating apparatus
US4918355A (en) * 1985-04-01 1990-04-17 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with protective base
JPH0719562B2 (ja) * 1988-02-23 1995-03-06 エヌ・ベー・フィリップス・フルーイランペンファブリケン 電 灯
US5077505A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-12-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp and seal structure therefor
US5130604A (en) * 1991-01-18 1992-07-14 George J. Franks, Jr. Miniature incandescent lamp with curable electrically conductive adhesive
US5207503A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-05-04 Lucifer Lighting Company Xenon festoon style lamp
US6626725B1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2003-09-30 Welch Allyn, Inc Electrode treatment surface process for reduction of a seal cracks in quartz
US6653782B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-11-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fuse and safety switch for halogen incandescent lamps
CN116125552A (zh) * 2022-12-27 2023-05-16 桂林理工大学 一种石英脉型钨矿外围的找矿勘查方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1531265A (en) * 1921-08-03 1925-03-24 Gen Electric Sealed-in conductor
US2009094A (en) * 1932-12-24 1935-07-23 Gen Electric Electric lamp or similar device

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1293594A (en) * 1917-05-24 1919-02-04 George O Willey Incandescent electric lamp.
BE440612A (de) * 1939-05-27
US2273437A (en) * 1939-08-25 1942-02-17 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Beading process
US3080497A (en) * 1959-12-11 1963-03-05 Gen Electric Bent end incandescent lamp
US3040204A (en) * 1960-03-04 1962-06-19 Donald J Belknap Microminiature incandescent lamp
US3211943A (en) * 1963-10-07 1965-10-12 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1531265A (en) * 1921-08-03 1925-03-24 Gen Electric Sealed-in conductor
US2009094A (en) * 1932-12-24 1935-07-23 Gen Electric Electric lamp or similar device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710169A (en) * 1969-02-21 1973-01-09 Philips Corp Halogen filament lamp having an internal all protection arrangement
US3778663A (en) * 1971-04-07 1973-12-11 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Electric lamps and discharge devices
US4208607A (en) * 1978-03-15 1980-06-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with tin or lead alloy plug for lead-in
US4236045A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-11-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp
US4275329A (en) * 1978-12-29 1981-06-23 General Electric Company Electrode with overwind for miniature metal vapor lamp
US4404491A (en) * 1979-11-09 1983-09-13 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES348270A1 (es) 1969-03-16
ES348283A1 (es) 1969-03-16
CH463620A (de) 1968-10-15
GB1178127A (en) 1970-01-21
BR6795177D0 (pt) 1973-05-31
AT281992B (de) 1970-06-10
NL6716903A (de) 1968-06-17
US3448320A (en) 1969-06-03
SE335176B (de) 1971-05-17
DE1589184A1 (de) 1970-04-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3448322A (en) Direct filament enclosed incandescent lamps and contact means therefor
JP4342561B2 (ja) 口金付高圧放電ランプ
US3798491A (en) Rounded end halogen lamp with spiral exhaust tube and method of manufacutre
US4074167A (en) Halogen incandescent lamp
US2333622A (en) Method of uniting dissimilar materials and the product thereof
US4539509A (en) Quartz to metal seal
US3588315A (en) Quartz-to-metal seal
US3132279A (en) Electrical discharge device
US2159794A (en) Electric lamp and similar devices
EP0160316B1 (de) Einseitig gesockelte Hochintensitätsentladungslampe und Herstellung
US4668204A (en) Single-ended high intensity discharge lamp and manufacture
US2845557A (en) Arc tube mounting
US3778663A (en) Electric lamps and discharge devices
US3470410A (en) Bromine regenerative cycle incandescent lamps with protective overwind coils on coiled filament legs
US2188298A (en) Seal for evacuated devices
US5130602A (en) High-pressure gas discharge lamp
US2169112A (en) Hermetically sealed vessel
US3502932A (en) Incandescent lamp and method of manufacture
US2269840A (en) Tipless exhaust
US2254845A (en) Mount for quartz lamps
US2080914A (en) Gaseous electric discharge lamp
CN112867893A (zh) 线性led光源及其制造方法
US2579109A (en) Electrode structure for electric discharge devices
JPS6135661B2 (de)
US3368024A (en) Glass semiconductor housing having its interior surfaces covered with an alkali-freesolder glass