US3449636A - System for generating nonperiodical electric sparks - Google Patents

System for generating nonperiodical electric sparks Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3449636A
US3449636A US712835A US3449636DA US3449636A US 3449636 A US3449636 A US 3449636A US 712835 A US712835 A US 712835A US 3449636D A US3449636D A US 3449636DA US 3449636 A US3449636 A US 3449636A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
armature
conductors
air gap
permanent magnet
soft iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US712835A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Dieter Wosylus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braun GmbH
Original Assignee
Braun GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braun GmbH filed Critical Braun GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3449636A publication Critical patent/US3449636A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/06—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving flux distributors, and both coil systems and magnets stationary

Definitions

  • a system for mechanically generating nonperiodical electric sparks has a permanent magnet, two soft iron conductors each in contact with a pole of the magnet, and at least one armature that is movable between a position in contact with the ends of the conductors and a position spaced therefrom.
  • a low voltage coil surrounds one conductor and is arranged In parallel with a condenser and a normally closed sw tch that is opened by the armature as the armature moves into the contact position, and a high voltage coil that surrounds the other conductor and is in series with a spark gap arrangement.
  • the invention relates to the mechanical generation of nonperiodical electric sparks by means of magnetic induction, and'more particularly to a system that includes a permanent magnet, soft iron conductors, a high voltage coil, a low voltage coil that has in parallel a condenser and a shunting switch, and a movable armature that operates to open the shunting switch.
  • Magnetoelectricaly generated high voltage sparks are widely used for igniting combustible mixtures of gases, vapors or mists, particularly in connection with lighters. All generators for these type sparks have in common that they change in as short a period as possible the magnetic flux, the latter being in connection with coils.
  • the mathematical expression for the voltage produced, namely d/dt becomes so large, that the voltage wherein N is the amount of windings of the coils, surpasses the value necessary for the spark formation.
  • an increase in the rate change is achieved by closing, rather than opening, the magnetic flux path.
  • the change in flux is brought about by introducing, eliminating or changing air gaps within the permanent magnetic flux path by means of a mechanical action; by either adding magnetic resistances in series to the existing magnetic Patented June 10, 1969 resistances, or by subtracting magnetic resistances from the existing magnetic resistances.
  • This arrangement is disadvantageous, however, because due to the characteristics of permanent magnets only limited induction changes are possible.
  • a permanent magnet is provided with two magnetic parallel flux paths; one of these paths includes a constant air gap and includes soft iron conductors that carry the induction coils; and the other flux path includes soft iron conductors and a movable armature that may be accelerated towards the soft iron conductors and is operative to shunt the permanent magnet through the soft iron conductors.
  • a permanent magnet is again provided with two magnetic parallel flux paths; one of these paths includes again soft iron conductors and has a constant air gap; and the second path includes soft iron conductors and the induction coils are mounted on the soft iron conductors of the second flux path, and the second flux path includes again a movable armature that may be accelerated towards the soft iron conductors and by means of these will shunt the permanent magnet.
  • a permanent magnet is again provided with two magnetic parallel flux paths; one of these paths is'shorted by means of a first movable armature and includes soft iron conductors that carry the induction coils; and the second flux path may be closed by means of a second armature, and the second armature may be accelerated in the direction towards the soft iron conductors and shortly before making an air gap free contact with the soft iron conductors separates the first armature from the soft iron conductors.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for mechanically generating nonperiodical electric sparks in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the induction coils and their circuits having been omitted for the purpose of clarity and simplicity, both flux paths having an air gap;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view, similar to FIG. 1, but showing one of the flux paths without air gap;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view, similar to FIG. 1, with both flux paths having an air gap, the air gap of one of the flux paths, however, being comparably small and permanent;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view, similiar to FIG. 3, but showing the air gap of the other flux path eliminated;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view, similar to the preceding views, but embodying a modification, one of the flux paths having an air gap and the other one being without air p;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view, similar to FIG. 5, but showing a different position in that the flux path that in FIG. 5 has a gap is now without air gap, and the flux path that in FIG. 5 did not have any air gap now shows an air gap;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the hysteresis graph of a permanent magnet
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view, similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, but, showing the induction coils and the electric circuits for the induction coils, and having the permanent magnet between the induction coils and the variable air gap;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view, similar to FIG. 8, but showing a further modification, the permanent magnet being disposed between the induction coils and the permanent air gap.
  • a permanent magnet 4 that has two poles N and S, respectively.
  • a soft iron conductor 1 and 2 To each pole there is applied a soft iron conductor 1 and 2, respectively.
  • a movable armature 100 is spaced for a distance x (FIG. 1) from the receiving surfaces 11 and 21, respectively, of the soft iron conductors 1, 2.
  • the armature 100 has corresponding receiving surfaces 101 and 102, respectively, for interengaging the surfaces 11 and 21 while the armature 100 is in shorting position (FIG. 2).
  • the permanent magnet 4 forms part of two magnetic flux paths as follows: It forms a path of the first flux path M that includes the parts 4, 1, 11, 101, 100, 102, 21, 2, and 4; and partakes in the second flux path M that includes the parts 4, 1, 3, 2, and 4.
  • the permanent magnet 4 of FIG. 1 is disposed approximately in the magnetic condition that is represented by the point I (M M in which the outermost magnetizing graph, plotted in the B-H diagram for the permanent magnet 4, is shown.
  • the permanent magnet 4 in the constellation of FIG. 3 assumes approximately the position III (M M in FIG. 4, and in the shorting position of FIG. 4 will assume the position IV (M when the armature 100 will be positioned on the end surfaces 11, 21 of the soft iron conductors 1, 2, respectively.
  • the first flux path the change in induction for the permanent magnet 4 from the point III (M M to the point IV (M similarly to existing arrangements.
  • the change in induction of the second flux path M however, will be reflected by the change from the point III (M M to the point 0 (M
  • the last named change in the induction is markedly larger than that of the permanent magnet 4.
  • the increased change in induction may be utilized when the induction coils are connected with the flux path M
  • a further increase in the induction change may be achieved by connecting the induction coils with the flux path M
  • the induction change is then comparable to a change between the points 0 (M and IV (M)
  • the choice of the point III of the magnetizing curve (FIG. 7) thus the arrangement of the air gap, depends on the magnitude of the energy required for generating the spark.
  • the available induction change can be further increased when two armatures and 300, respectively, are used in accordance with FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the armature 100 shortly before the shorting of the flux path M will move the armature 300 from the soft iron conductors 1, 2 of the flux path M and therefore eliminates the shorting of the second flux path M
  • the stray currents are reduced, though mechanical effort is markedly increased.
  • the soft iron conductors 1 and 2 define again the permanent air gap 33 and are in contact with the poles of the permanent magnet 4.
  • a high voltage coil 5 surrounds a portion of the conductor 1, and has electrodes 51 for a spark gap.
  • a low voltage coil 6 surrounds a portion of the conductor 2 and is connected to a spark exterminator condenser 7, and a switch 8.
  • the armature 100 carries a cam or nose 9, and is movable between the position shown in FIG. 8 in which there is an air gap between the ends 11 and 21 of the conductors 1 and 2 and, respectively, the receiving surfaces 101 and 102 of the armature 100, and a position (see FIG. 4) in which the armature 100 makes contact with its receiving surfaces 101 and 102 with the end surfaces 11 and 21,
  • the air gap 33 is small as compared to the air gap 101-11102-21, and the magnetic flux predominantly will proceed along the second flux path 44-33- 2-4 that is connected with the induction coils 5 and 6.
  • the flux that is connected with the coils 5 and 6 will be reduced from its maximum as determined by the sizes of the air gap 33 and of the conductors 1 and 2, down to a value of about zero, while for the permanent magnet 4 the flux will be increased from the minimum that is determined by the air gap 33 to an absolute maximum upon shorting by the impact of the armature 100.
  • the nose 9 Towards the end of the movement of the armature 100, the nose 9 will open the switch 8. By this opening, there will be an additional change of field by the interruption of the shorting electric circuit in the coil 6.
  • the condenser 7 serves for spark extinguishing.
  • the first flux path 4-1-100-2-4 includes the coils 5 and 6.
  • a permanent magnet In a system for generating nonperiodical electric sparks, the combination of a permanent magnet, two soft iron conductors each intermediate its ends being positioned adjacent a pole of said permanent magnet, at least one armature positioned near one end of each of said conductors, a high voltage circuit including in series a spark gap arrangement and a high voltage coil surrounding one of said conductors, a low voltage circuit including a low voltage coil surrounding the other conductor and a normally closed switch and a condenser in parallel with said low voltage coil, whereby there will be formed two fiux paths, one of said paths comprising said permanent magnet, said armature and portions of said conductors near said armature, and the other path comprising said permanent magnet and the remaining portions of said conductors and having for at least a time period an air gap defined between the other ends of said conductors, said armature being movable between a first position wherein it is spaced for .a predetermined distance from said one end of said conductors and a second position wherein
  • said permanent magnet being disposed between said coils and said one ends of said conductors.
  • said permanent magnet being disposed between said coils and said air gap.
  • a second armature disposed near the other ends of said conductors and being movable between a first station wherein it makes contact with said other ends and a second station spaced apart from said other ends thereby establishing said air gap, said one armature at least shortly before reaching its second position being operable to move said second armature from the first to the second station.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US712835A 1967-03-16 1968-03-13 System for generating nonperiodical electric sparks Expired - Lifetime US3449636A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0091646 1967-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3449636A true US3449636A (en) 1969-06-10

Family

ID=6985962

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US712835A Expired - Lifetime US3449636A (en) 1967-03-16 1968-03-13 System for generating nonperiodical electric sparks

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3449636A (de)
CH (1) CH475517A (de)
DE (1) DE1613716A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1557321A (de)
GB (1) GB1164089A (de)
YU (1) YU31816B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581155A (en) * 1968-03-21 1971-05-25 Richard Halm Electromagnetic make-and-break ignition device for a pocket lighter
US3760313A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-09-18 Braun Ag Permanent magnetic flux circuit and an actuating member for igniters
US3761850A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-09-25 Braun Ag Permanent magnetic flux circuit and an actuating member with adjusting means
US3817694A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-06-18 Tanita Seisakusho Kk Ignition device
US3824072A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-07-16 Tanita Seisakusho Kk Gas lighter burner ignition device
RU2183894C2 (ru) * 2000-05-30 2002-06-20 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Устройство автоматического повторного включения

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4542361A (en) * 1984-05-21 1985-09-17 Maghemite Inc. Permanent magnet field diverted to do useful work
CN110224555B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2020-11-13 李鹤群 一种低磁阻的磁电装置
CN110071618B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2020-12-22 北京理工大学 一种高功率密度的磁压缩发电机构及包括其的发电机

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536468A (en) * 1947-12-10 1951-01-02 Russell Stanley Alexander Electromagnetic ignition apparatus for fuel gas
US3209295A (en) * 1959-03-13 1965-09-28 Baermann Max Ignition coil with permanent magnets in core
US3246207A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-04-12 Rowenta Metallwarenfab Gmbh Electrically ignited lighter
US3359459A (en) * 1964-11-13 1967-12-19 Ernest J Smith Ignition apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536468A (en) * 1947-12-10 1951-01-02 Russell Stanley Alexander Electromagnetic ignition apparatus for fuel gas
US3209295A (en) * 1959-03-13 1965-09-28 Baermann Max Ignition coil with permanent magnets in core
US3246207A (en) * 1963-03-22 1966-04-12 Rowenta Metallwarenfab Gmbh Electrically ignited lighter
US3359459A (en) * 1964-11-13 1967-12-19 Ernest J Smith Ignition apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581155A (en) * 1968-03-21 1971-05-25 Richard Halm Electromagnetic make-and-break ignition device for a pocket lighter
US3817694A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-06-18 Tanita Seisakusho Kk Ignition device
US3824072A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-07-16 Tanita Seisakusho Kk Gas lighter burner ignition device
US3760313A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-09-18 Braun Ag Permanent magnetic flux circuit and an actuating member for igniters
US3761850A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-09-25 Braun Ag Permanent magnetic flux circuit and an actuating member with adjusting means
RU2183894C2 (ru) * 2000-05-30 2002-06-20 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Устройство автоматического повторного включения

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU31816B (en) 1973-12-31
YU59068A (en) 1973-06-30
GB1164089A (en) 1969-09-10
FR1557321A (de) 1969-02-14
CH475517A (de) 1969-07-15
DE1613716A1 (de) 1970-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB1454354A (en) Circuit breaker with flux transfer magnetic actuator
US3449636A (en) System for generating nonperiodical electric sparks
ES430451A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en interruptores automaticos.
GB625531A (en) Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic relays
GB500472A (en) Improvements in and relating to high speed releasing devices suitable for electric circuit breakers
US2877399A (en) Timing device
US2904763A (en) Induction coil
US5422616A (en) Electric switch
US3535593A (en) Power flow direction responsive means for alternating current circuit
US2571803A (en) Electromagnet control mechanism with two armatures
SE330047B (de)
US3504229A (en) Magnetic ignition system
US4329668A (en) Leakage current circuit breaker responsive to direct-current leakage currents of both polarities
US2784352A (en) Alternating-current control apparatus with holding magnets
US3771083A (en) Magnetically operable multiple reed contact
US3174082A (en) Electromagnetic attracted armature relays
GB814307A (en) Improvements in or relating to direct current electric switching arrangements which operate in dependence upon the current passed therethrough
GB1182692A (en) Improvements in or relating to Electromagnetic Relays
SU886094A1 (ru) Переключатель
US2900575A (en) Electric ignition systems
GB770485A (en) Improvements in or relating to gas heated appliances
GB979464A (en) Improvements relating to electro-mechanical switching device
US1037491A (en) Ignition apparatus for explosion-motors.
GB716090A (en) Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic contactors
US1486675A (en) Reverse-current controller