US3465705A - Water jet propelling apparatus for boats - Google Patents

Water jet propelling apparatus for boats Download PDF

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Publication number
US3465705A
US3465705A US714473A US3465705DA US3465705A US 3465705 A US3465705 A US 3465705A US 714473 A US714473 A US 714473A US 3465705D A US3465705D A US 3465705DA US 3465705 A US3465705 A US 3465705A
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Prior art keywords
jet
boat
water jet
water
gate
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US714473A
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English (en)
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Luigi Castoldi
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/10—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof
    • B63H11/107—Direction control of propulsive fluid
    • B63H11/117—Pivoted vane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/10—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof
    • B63H11/107—Direction control of propulsive fluid
    • B63H11/11—Direction control of propulsive fluid with bucket or clamshell-type reversing means

Definitions

  • a water jet propelling apparatus for boats, comprising a water pump to force water through a nozzle directed astern of the boat for propelling the boat in a straight forward course, rudder blades located at either sides of the jet for laterally deviating same under steering control, and a jet reversing gate which can be lowered under reverse control for reversing the thrust, said gate having laterally deflecting parts associated to its sides and positioned so that a portion of the jet, when laterally deviated by steering of said rudder blades, impinges on said deflecting part, forms a lateral jet projected toward the side at which said rudder blades have been steered, and provides a lateral thrust causing the boat to rotate about its yawing axis and boosting the steering control thereof.
  • This invention relates to a water jet propelling apparatus and especially to a class suitable to be fixedly secured to the transom of the boat hull.
  • the invention is mostly applicable for shallow draught boats.
  • Water jet motors and units are now being widely applied to the field of medium and in particular of small boats.
  • the boats engine drives a water pump which forces water, at suitably high volume and pressure, through a nozzle directed astern of the boat.
  • the thrust reaction drives the boat forward.
  • the boat can be steered by directing the jet of water.
  • Such water jet motors, both inboard and outboard, are well known and further discussion thereabout is unnecessary.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with variou problems concerned with steering and controlling of boats provided with water jet propelling motors of the inboard type.
  • Such simple mode of steering the boat can obviously, not be used when the boat is provided with a fixed or See inboard type water jet propelling apparatus.
  • Such type of apparatus while highly desirable for its reliability of service and several other well known reasons, requires sidewards deflecting means linked to the steering wheel for controlledly deflecting the water -jet to either sides.
  • Many arrangements of parts have been heretofore proposed, lbut several deficiencies in the present day water jet propelling inboard motors and units exist. Said deficiencies are, among others:
  • a new and improved water jet propelling apparatus for boats of the type comprising a not steerable nozzle fed by a water pump driven by a motor or engine which can be throttled bythe helmsman and fixedly secured to the boat hull to provide a water jet directed astern of the boat in or parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the hull, rudder means for sidewardly deviating the jet in response to an action exerted on the steering wheel (or other steersman operated steering control means), and gate means for forwardly deflecting the jet in response to an action exerted on a reverse lever (or other steersman operatable reverse control means), and wherein the improvements comprises the provision of side-thrust boosting means associated with said jet deflecting means to boost under steerman control the side thrusts promoted by acting on the steering control means.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved water jet propelling apparatus as above, wherein said boosting means comprise further sidewardly deviating parts structurally associated with said gate means, whereby the amount of the further sidewardly deviated water from the water jet can be controlled by the steersman by acting on the reverse control means and on the motor-throttle means, irrespectively ofthe actual longitudinal (forward or reverse) thrust reaction applied to the boat.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved water jet propelling apparatus as above, which is of simple and sturdy construction and reliable in operation.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus improved according to the present invention, comprising the Water pump, nozzle, jet deviating means, jet deflecting gate means and water deviation boosting means, for an inboard motor propelling unit;
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 fragmentary illustrate the nozzle and the steersman controlled water jet influencing means in longitudinal horizontal sectional views taken as indicated by IIII and respectively III-III in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary side view of the apparatus of FIGURE 1, with its water jet reversing gate means in- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • Deviation and to deviate will indicate the sideward deviation (in a horizontal plane) of the water jet, such as exerted by conventionally arranged and operated rudder-like plate means adapted to impart a discrete lateral angulation to a water stream impinging thereon;
  • Deflection and to deflect will indicate an action leading to a substantial sideward modification (in a horizontal plane) of the path of the jet stream or of a part thereof, not exerted by said rudder-like means;
  • Reversion and to reverse will indicate an action leading to a substantial forwardly modification of the water jet or of a part thereof, in a vertical plane, such as exerted by a conventionally arranged and operated reversing gate.
  • FIGURES 1 and 4 there is shown a screw-propeller type water pump, generally indicated at P, conventionally drivenly connected to an inboard engine (not shown) and arranged within a suitably shaped duct formed within the casing of a water jet propelling apparatus, generally indicated at G, fixedly secured to the boat transom and having an outlet consisting of a nozzle U having a given width and cross-sectional area.
  • Said pump, duct and nozzle means are quite conventional and can be constructed in several different manners, according to the art to which this invention appertains, together with the inlet or scoop vane or vanes (not shown) required for ensuring suflicient delivery of water to the pump.
  • the above briefly indicated means are adapted to provide and issue a Water jet astern of the nozzle, the axis of which is contained in or is parallel to (in the case that the boat is provided with tWo propelling devices, for example) the longitudinal vertical plane of symmetry of the hull.
  • the invention will be herein described assuming that the propelling device is located in said plane.
  • two rudder-like deviating blades 10' and 10" are arranged and pivotally supported for rotation about vertical or nearly vertical axes contained within or adjacent to the forward or leading edges forming portions 14 and 14" of rudder blades 10 and respectively 10"; said rudder blades are vertically arranged in parallel relationship at starboard and at port side, respectively, of the water jet issuing from the nozzle, at an interval D (FIGS. 2, 3 and 6) which is preferably slightly greater than the width of said jet, so that, when said rudder blades are parallel to said jet also, the accelerated water will not frictionally engage the infacing surfaces of said blades and the jet power will not be prejudiced.
  • Said rudder blades are suitably concurrently linked to the steersman controlled steering control means, such as a conventional steering wheel (not shown).
  • the linking means can comprise, for example, a sprocket chain 16 in mesh with sprocket gears 18 secured to the upper end of each rudder shaft 20 (indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 1) rotatably supported on hubs secured to or integrally formed with the propelling apparatus casing, for example.
  • FIGS. 1, 4 and 7 to 10 there are shown rudder blades 10' and 10" having a straight horizontal lower edge located at the lower level of the nozzle. If desired, such rudder blades can be shaped so that lower portions thereof will more deeply protrude into the water beneath the jet for acting in a quite rudder fashion into the water on which the sped-up boat can skid. Such downwardly protruding rudder portions can be made of rubber-like or resilient material. As shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 7 to 10, a horizontal rearwardly protruding plate is arranged above the jet and the rudder plates, said horizontal plate being secured to or integrally formed with the said propelling apparatus casing.
  • the apparatus is further provided with a reversing gate assembly, generally indicated at 12, having a vertical plane of symmetry common with the vertical plane of symmetry of the water jet producing assembly.
  • a reversing gate assembly generally indicated at 12 having a vertical plane of symmetry common with the vertical plane of symmetry of the water jet producing assembly.
  • Said reversing gate 12 has generally a curved configuration in its vertical longitudinal sections, forming an arc having its centre in the axis of pivots 28 (FIG. 4) by which said gate is supported for rotation about said axis to the propelling apparatus casing, braces 26 being provided to connect the gate structure to said pivots.
  • Said reversing gate is arranged for rotation from its fully raised position shown in FIG. 7, wherein the water jet is undisturbed by the gate, to its fully lowered position shown in FIGS. 4 and 10 for reverse. It is suitably linked, by means of a connecting rod such as indicated at 30, to conventionally constructed and arranged steersman controlled reverse control means, such as a reverse lever (not shown).
  • the said reversing gate 12 comprises a central portion 22 the forward-facing surface of which is symmetrical and perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the nozzle.
  • a central portion 22 the forward-facing surface of which is symmetrical and perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the nozzle.
  • such surface has the shape of an arc of a cylinder having its axis common to the axis of pivots 28.
  • Such shape is however not critical, the criticality residing in the symmetry of such surface, so that an undeviated water jet impinging (completely or partially) on said surface, will be reversed without promoting formation of unbalanced side thrusts, that is so that lowering of said reversing gate into an undeviated water jet will not lead to a modification of the boat straight course or heading, both forward or at reverse.
  • the width or transverse dimension of said central portion 22 is equal to or slightly greater than the interval D between said rudder blades 10' and 10".
  • parts 24' and 24 are arranged at both sides of said portion 22.
  • Such parts are preferably but not critically fixedly secured to or integrally formed with said portion 22. and generally to and respectively with the reversing gate structure.
  • Said parts 24' and 24" are shaped to provide, in their cross-sectional configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, sidewardly water deflecting concave faces adapted to cause a substantial sideward deflection, preferably at or near to a right angle, of any water stream caused to impinge thereon.
  • the said cross-sectional configuration is preferably but not critically uniform in the full height of the said parts and of the reversing gate.
  • the said rudder blades 10' and and 10" preferably shaped for nearly precisely confining the space therebetween and wherein the water jet is directed to impinge on the central portion 22 of the reversing gate, for preventing that a substantial part of the accelerated water impinges on said deflecting parts 24' and 24", when said rudder blades are positioned in their central position, that is the boat is steered for straight course either forward and the reverse.
  • trailing edges 32' and 32" of said rudder blades 10 and respectively 10" are shaped according to an arc of circular configuration, having its center in the axis of pivotal connection (at 28 FIG. 4) of the reverse gate, so that a small clearance is formed between said trailing edges and the forwardly facing surface of said central portion 22 of the reversing gate, as evident in particular from the showing of said FIG. 4.
  • the apparatus can be considered as comprising a motor driven water pump and nozzle means capable of providing a water jet adapted for propelling the boat in a forward straight course, jet deviating rudder means capable of modifying said course and jet reversing gate means capable of reversing said course, each said means being individually under steersmans control.
  • Steering control namely: the steering wheel
  • this control acts by laterally deviating the water jet, so that its reaction provides a transverse component of the propelling force, that is a side thrust;
  • Reverse control namely: the reverse lever
  • the lowering of said gate can be adjusted so that the horizontal component of the jet reaction can be decreased down to zero and then reversed.
  • This latter control may be assumed to be an ancillary speed control also, as being capable of adjusting the value of said horizontal component, which represents the actual propelling force.
  • the improved apparatus of the invention is designed to provide and make use of each of said basic controls and also of certain new coordinated manerises resulting from a new coordination of said basic controls.
  • the water jet is laterally deviated, principally by the inwardly deviated rudder blade (the rudder blade 10" of FIGS. 3 and 5) and the boat is caused to take a turn the radius of which is nearly inversely proportional to the rudder blades lateral inclination or rotation about their nearly vertical pivotal axes.
  • the individual action on the steering control (II) is typical for controlling and adjusting the boat heading and course, when the boat travels at its cruising or higher speed, and in general when no sharp turns or abrupt manecutes are to be performed at substantial speed.
  • the follow-up linking of the rudder blades to the steering control means can be advantageously made so that a substantial and rather ample action is to be exerted on said steering means or wheel, for obtaining a rather small rudder blades deviation, such as the one indicated by angle alpha in FIGS. 5 and 6 (10 to 12 degrees about).
  • a prejudiciable overcontrolling of the boat can be prevented if the latter does not abruptly react to steering control and gentle turns can be more easily made at cruising and maximum speeds.
  • the steersman can, by acting on the reverse control (III), adjust the boat speed and acceleration at values lower than the one provided by the undeflected actual water jet.
  • the steersman can, without throttling the engine (without acting on the engine control (I)) adjust the propelling power from maximum to zero.
  • the jet power A is further forwardly deflected to provide a forwardly directed horizontal component A", that is to provide a reversed thrust adapted for moving the boat at reverse, for fast deceleration of the boat and any other known manerise requiring engine at reverse.
  • a reversed thrust adapted for moving the boat at reverse, for fast deceleration of the boat and any other known manerise requiring engine at reverse.
  • the actual reverse thrust applied to the boat can be ad-' justed from maximum to zero by acting on the reverse control (III) only, that is by adjusting the reversing gate 12 in the desired lowered position from the position of FIG. 10 to that of FIG. 9.
  • the reversing gate 12 will be at least partially lowered to intercept at least a part of the water jet, and that the rudder blades 10' and 10" will be steered so that the outwardly deviated blade (the blade 10' in FIGS. 2 and 6) will uncover the side edge (at the corresponding side) of central portion 22 of the reversing gate, a part of the water stream of the jet will be caused to impinge on the sideward water deflecting part 24' associated to the gate.
  • Such deflected part of the jet will form a lateral jet the power of which is represented by arrow S and the resulting thrust reaction (applied to said deflecting part 24) will apply to the boat a side thrust capable of rotating the boat about the yawing axis of the hull.
  • Said lateral jet will be anyway produced at the side at which the rudder blade have been laterally deviated, and therefore it will promote and expedite a modification of the boat heading concurrently with the heading modification promoted, at forward motion of the boat, by the steering control (II) which has allowed such lateral jet to be formed (by uncovering of part 24' to water jet impingement) and, therefore, the effect of the coordinated actions on steering control (II) and on reverse control (III) can be properly termed as a boosting of steering control (II) on the boat forwardly moving at any speed from top speed down to zero.
  • the value of the side thrust obtained by above described coordination of controls is influenced by three parameters, each one of which is under full steersman control, that is:
  • steering control (II) which governs the spacing at which the trailing edge 32' (or 32", FIGS. 2 to 4) uncovers the deflecting part 24 (or 24").
  • Such amount is proportional to the amplitude of the steering control, and such proportionality is very desirable for proper steering of the boat.
  • the boosting of steering control is also proportional to the lowering of the reversing gate (as discussed below), for any given boosting ratio provided by gate adjustment, the response of the boat to steering control (I), either boosted or not (gate 12 fully raised, FIG. 7) will be satisfyingly proportional to the steering of rudder blades, that is to the steering control (II).
  • the boat By positioning the rudder blades as shown in FIG. 6 and the reversing gate as shown in FIG. 9, the boat is caused to turn about its yawing axis on the spot, without any tendency to forward or backward motion, even if such turning of the boat on the spot is insisted to.
  • the rotational speed of the boat about the yawing axis thereof can be adjusted at will by acting on the' engine control.
  • FIGS. 6 and 8 The combination of positions of FIGS. 6 and 8 provides prompt and sensitive heading control by acting on the steering control alone at low speed, that is such combination is exceedingly desirable when maneuvering in a crowded harbor, when approaching to mooring or docking and so on, the raising of gate 12 allowing further prompt acceleration of the boat, if required, with concurrent zeroing of the steering control boosting effect. Conversely, the further lowering of the gate will lead to slowing down of the boat and even prompt deceleration, when desired (by applying the reverse) without spoiling the prompt response of the boat to the steering control.
  • the coordinated controls are very effective and useful when the boat is steered and manecutes are to be made in current water such as in river or tidal streams, that is where the ground speed of the boat could be different from the water speed thereof.
  • the heading can be easily controlled at low speed either moving upstream or downstream.
  • a sharp turn can be promoted by prompt lowering of the reversing gate (down to provide fast deceleration, if required) subsequently to or concurrently with the action the steering control, and without reverse turning of the steering wheel, when the gate is lowered for deceleration, that is when the propelling assembly operates at reverse.
  • steering means comprising a pair of steerable rudder blades located astern of said nozzle in the body of water surrounding said boat and respectively at opposite sides of the water jet issuing from said nozzle, said blades being pivotally supported in substantial parallel relationship with a given distance therebetween for pivoting movement to either side from a rest position in which said blades extend substantially parallel to a longitudinal plane of symmetry of said nozzle, said blades defining between rear edges and bottom edges thereof openings through which the water jet may pass in the surrounding body of water; means connected to said blades for simultaneously pivoting the same to either side of said rest position for controlled sideward deviation of the water jet passing therebetween; reversing gate means having a jet reversing surface laterally defined within side edges spaced in transverse direction from each other at a distance substantially equal to said given distance and water side
  • said water sidewardly deflecting surfaces consist of sidewardly and rearwardly facing surfaces pertaining to parts symmetrically located at both sides of said jet reversing surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US714473A 1967-03-29 1968-03-20 Water jet propelling apparatus for boats Expired - Lifetime US3465705A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791334A (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-02-12 R Wetzel Boat reverse
US3826217A (en) * 1973-09-10 1974-07-30 H Canova Jet propulsion apparatus for boats
US3827392A (en) * 1972-07-21 1974-08-06 Scooter Ski Ltd Water planing craft
US3937172A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-02-10 Luigi Castoldi Water jet propelling apparatus for boats
US4015556A (en) * 1973-06-04 1977-04-05 Bordiga Alejandro Lorenzo Carl Device for propelling boats
US4047494A (en) * 1974-12-30 1977-09-13 Albert Rockwood Scott Means for steering jet driven water craft
US4315749A (en) * 1979-08-27 1982-02-16 Maritec Corporation Non jamming reversible jet nozzle
US4779553A (en) * 1987-02-13 1988-10-25 Wildhaber Sr Kenneth V Automatic rudder for outboard jet motors
US5301900A (en) * 1990-12-12 1994-04-12 Groen Henry J Autogyro aircraft
WO2003011685A1 (de) * 2001-07-20 2003-02-13 Karl-Josef Becker Wasserstrahlantrieb für wasserfahrzeuge
US7819711B1 (en) 2006-02-15 2010-10-26 James P. von Wolske Retractable thrust reversing bucket for boat propeller
JP2015058888A (ja) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-30 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 ジェット推進艇

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5254023A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-10-19 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Water jet propulsion unit
CA2011713C (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-09-30 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Water jet propulsion unit
US5376028A (en) * 1991-02-07 1994-12-27 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Jet propelled watercraft

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064420A (en) * 1961-08-03 1962-11-20 Joe W Goehler Reversing water jet steering nozzle
US3114239A (en) * 1962-03-23 1963-12-17 Layne Central Co Boat propulsion means

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064420A (en) * 1961-08-03 1962-11-20 Joe W Goehler Reversing water jet steering nozzle
US3114239A (en) * 1962-03-23 1963-12-17 Layne Central Co Boat propulsion means

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3827392A (en) * 1972-07-21 1974-08-06 Scooter Ski Ltd Water planing craft
US3791334A (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-02-12 R Wetzel Boat reverse
US3937172A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-02-10 Luigi Castoldi Water jet propelling apparatus for boats
US4015556A (en) * 1973-06-04 1977-04-05 Bordiga Alejandro Lorenzo Carl Device for propelling boats
US3826217A (en) * 1973-09-10 1974-07-30 H Canova Jet propulsion apparatus for boats
US4047494A (en) * 1974-12-30 1977-09-13 Albert Rockwood Scott Means for steering jet driven water craft
US4315749A (en) * 1979-08-27 1982-02-16 Maritec Corporation Non jamming reversible jet nozzle
US4779553A (en) * 1987-02-13 1988-10-25 Wildhaber Sr Kenneth V Automatic rudder for outboard jet motors
US5301900A (en) * 1990-12-12 1994-04-12 Groen Henry J Autogyro aircraft
WO2003011685A1 (de) * 2001-07-20 2003-02-13 Karl-Josef Becker Wasserstrahlantrieb für wasserfahrzeuge
US7819711B1 (en) 2006-02-15 2010-10-26 James P. von Wolske Retractable thrust reversing bucket for boat propeller
JP2015058888A (ja) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-30 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 ジェット推進艇
US9399505B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2016-07-26 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Jet propulsion watercraft

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Publication number Publication date
DE1556504A1 (de) 1970-02-05
FR1559977A (de) 1969-03-14

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