US3482259A - Process of producing ledeburitic tool steel - Google Patents

Process of producing ledeburitic tool steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3482259A
US3482259A US601601A US3482259DA US3482259A US 3482259 A US3482259 A US 3482259A US 601601 A US601601 A US 601601A US 3482259D A US3482259D A US 3482259DA US 3482259 A US3482259 A US 3482259A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
tool steel
producing
ledeburitic
steel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US601601A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ludwig Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG filed Critical Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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Publication of US3482259A publication Critical patent/US3482259A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/06—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for manufacturing or repairing tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material

Definitions

  • This structure and particularly the coarse carbide network can adversely affect the quality of ledeburitic tool steels and particularly of high-speed steels.
  • zone refining method which is used, e.g., in the electric slag refining process.
  • an electrode consisting of the desired tool steel or high-speed steel is remelted in a layer of liquid slag.
  • the molten metal from the electrode trickles in droplets through the slag into a water-cooled mold, where the ingot is progressively built up.
  • Other processes in which zone refining can be practiced are electric arc remelting processes carried out in a vacuum or in a shielding gas and electron beam remelting processes.
  • zone refining results in different crystallization conditions so that there is no formation of a fine-grained skin nor of a coarsegrained core or intermediate zone.
  • Ingots made in such a remelting process have an approximately uniform structure and medium grain sizes at the center and at the surface.
  • the present invention is based on the idea to combine the advantages of the usual ingot casting process with those of the zone refining process and to avoid the disadvantages of both kinds of processes.
  • the molten metal may consist of the same alloy as the tube or, e.g., in the making of composite tools, of a different alloy.
  • a material which has the same temperature expansion and phase transformation characteristics as the tube material will be referred to hereinafter as an akin material.
  • the invention provides a process of producing a ledeburitic tool steel having carbides only in finegrained form, particularly a high-speed steel, which steel is suitable for the manufacture of tools, and the invention resides in that the hollow interior of a tube of the desired steel is filled by zone refining with an akin material.
  • the tube may be cast, for instance. In this case the casting must be cooled so rapidly that a fine-globular solidification results.
  • the melting rate of the electrode material must be selected so that a perfect fusion'bond to the tube results, on the one hand, and that sufficient tube material is not affected in its crystal structure by this fusion bonding. To this end, it has been found satisfactory to spray cooling water from nozzles onto the outside surface of that tube portion which is below the level of molten metal in the tube. Without such cooling, the buckling strength of the tube may not be satisfactory.
  • the tube may be preheated before molten metal is poured into the tube.
  • a tube consisting of a previously worked material may be employed. This will be desirable if a specific distribution and size of carbides is desired in the skin of the material to be made according to the invention.
  • the tube may also be obtained by forming a bore in a casting. This will be desirable where castings having a fine-grained skin are available.
  • the drawing shows a tube 1, an electrode 2 of akin material, molten slag 3, a pool 4 of molten metal and solidified metal 5.
  • the material according to the invention may be used in the manufacture of tools Without Working. In this case the material must be process-annealed before it is machined. Alternatively, the material may be hotworked, e.g., by rolling or forging, and be used in a deformed state and after the required process-annealing may be used as a starting material in the manufacture of tools.
  • the present invention eliminates a ditficulty which previously prevented a manufacture of high-grade tools, particularly of large-size tools, from ledeburitic steels, which can be metallurgically controlled only With difficulty.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A tube consisting of a high-speed steel containing 0.80% carbon, 4% chromium, 2% vanadium, 6% tungsten, 5% molybdenum, balance iron and inevitable impurities had in an as-cast condition an outside diameter of 250 mm. and a wall thickness of 42 mm. and was forged to a diameter of 200 mm. and a wall thickness of 37 mm. The hollow interior of the tube was filled with the same material in an electric arc zone remelting process carried out in a vacuum.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A cylindrical ingot consisting of 1.10% carbon, 3.75% chromium, 1.15% vanadium, 1.50% tungsten, 9.50% molybdenum, 8% cobalt, balance iron and inevitable impurities, and having a diameter of 430 mm. was bored to form a tube having a wall thickness of 50 mm. The hollow interior of the tube was filled with the same material in an electric arc zone remelting process under argon as a shielding gas.
  • a process of producing a material which consists of lede'buritic tool steel and contains carbides only in a fine-grained form comprising providing a tube consisting of lcdeburitic tool steel which contains carbides only in fine-grained form, and producing in situ in said tube a core of ledeburitic tool steel having the same thermal expansion and phase transformation characteristics as said ledeburitic tool steel of said tube by a zone-refining process, said core being simultaneously fusion-bonded to said tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US601601A 1965-12-14 1966-12-14 Process of producing ledeburitic tool steel Expired - Lifetime US3482259A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1122265A AT269933B (de) 1965-12-14 1965-12-14 Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines feinkarbidischen Vormaterials aus ledeburitischen Werkzeugstählen, insbesondere Schnellarbeitsstählen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3482259A true US3482259A (en) 1969-12-02

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ID=3627513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US601601A Expired - Lifetime US3482259A (en) 1965-12-14 1966-12-14 Process of producing ledeburitic tool steel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3482259A (de)
AT (1) AT269933B (de)
CH (1) CH488508A (de)
DE (1) DE1508127B2 (de)
FR (1) FR1504348A (de)
GB (1) GB1153798A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603374A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-09-07 Heppenstall Co Methods of producing large steel ingots
US3743005A (en) * 1970-09-22 1973-07-03 Voest Ag Process for producing hot rolled three layer steel products from continuously cast hollow tubes
US3779299A (en) * 1970-05-15 1973-12-18 Permanence Corp Tire stud
US4544019A (en) * 1982-05-14 1985-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing composite steel ingot

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2137265A1 (en) * 1971-05-17 1972-12-29 Heppenstall Co Pipe-free steel ingot prodn

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3067473A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-12-11 Firth Sterling Inc Producing superior quality ingot metal
US3139654A (en) * 1959-05-28 1964-07-07 Titanium Metals Corp Mold assembly
US3287769A (en) * 1963-02-11 1966-11-29 Euratom Vacuum melting and casting apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139654A (en) * 1959-05-28 1964-07-07 Titanium Metals Corp Mold assembly
US3067473A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-12-11 Firth Sterling Inc Producing superior quality ingot metal
US3287769A (en) * 1963-02-11 1966-11-29 Euratom Vacuum melting and casting apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603374A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-09-07 Heppenstall Co Methods of producing large steel ingots
US3779299A (en) * 1970-05-15 1973-12-18 Permanence Corp Tire stud
US3743005A (en) * 1970-09-22 1973-07-03 Voest Ag Process for producing hot rolled three layer steel products from continuously cast hollow tubes
US4544019A (en) * 1982-05-14 1985-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing composite steel ingot

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH488508A (de) 1970-04-15
DE1508127A1 (de) 1970-03-12
GB1153798A (en) 1969-05-29
FR1504348A (fr) 1967-12-01
AT269933B (de) 1969-04-10
DE1508127B2 (de) 1974-02-21

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