US3500096A - Electron beam tubes - Google Patents

Electron beam tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3500096A
US3500096A US639399A US3500096DA US3500096A US 3500096 A US3500096 A US 3500096A US 639399 A US639399 A US 639399A US 3500096D A US3500096D A US 3500096DA US 3500096 A US3500096 A US 3500096A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pipes
collector
electron beam
water
length
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Expired - Lifetime
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US639399A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cian Noel O'loughlin
Noel Edward Bones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teledyne UK Ltd
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English Electric Valve Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by English Electric Valve Co Ltd filed Critical English Electric Valve Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/74—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • An electron beam tube having a vapour cooled collector is formed with a number of cooling pipes, all extending parallel to the tube axis, arranged in sets with each set in a ring of different diameter. Each set extends over a different part of the length of the collector and has a water inlet at the same corresponding end.
  • the pipes of each set open into a water and steam outlet chamber extending in line with the pipes.
  • This invention relates to electron beam tubes such, for example, as klystrons and travelling wave tubes, and more specifically to electron beam tubes having vapour phase cooled (steam cooled) collector electrodes.
  • FIG- URE 1 is an explanatory diagrammatic figure typifying the way in which the electron beam of an electron beam tube is collected by the collector electrode thereof;
  • FIG- URE 2 is a graph exemplifying the distribution of dissipation along the length of a collector electrode;
  • FIG- URES 3a and 3b show respectively in sectional elevation and plan a typical known collector electrode;
  • FIG- URES 4a and 4b show respectively in sectional elevation and simplified plan one form of collector electrode in accordance with this invention.
  • the vapour phase (steam) cooling of the collector electrode of a high power, electron beam tube, such as a klystron presents difiicult problems mainly because of the fact that heat is not generated with uniform distribution along the length of the collector.
  • the action which takes place is indicated, in generalised manner, in FIG- URE 1.
  • DR represents the drift tube of a klystron and K the collector electrode thereof.
  • the focussing magnetic field is represented by the arrow headed lines M.
  • the electron beam EB spreads out before and after entering the collector electrode.
  • the first point of impact, near the mouth of the collector is indicated at IP.
  • the energy contained in the outer annulus A of the electron beam is dissipated over the collector surface from IP to 2P.
  • FIGURE 2 A typical curve of resultant power dissipation is shown in FIGURE 2 in which the ordinates L are distances along the collector from the mouth and the abscissae W are values of dissipation in watts per unit area.
  • the increase in dissipation per unit area near the collector end remote fiom the mouth represents the total power remaining in the beam after the rest has been absorbed along the collector side walls and, therefore, the
  • dissipation density at that end depends on the length of 3,500,096 Patented Mar. 10, 1970 ice focussing field since this field largely determines the posi tion of the first point of impact, and also by the effect of beam modulation, for the elementary theory assumes that all the electrons have the same velocity whereas, in practice, the electron velocities can range from zero to twice the beam voltage, the higher velocity electrons i.e., those with most energy, tending to travel to the closed tapered end of the collector.
  • collector design must be such as to cater for a wide range of dissipation conditions which are only exemplified in generalised manner by FIGURE 2.
  • collectors have to be made of large internal diameter in order to deal satisfactorily with high dissipation near the mouth and, in order to prevent over-dissipation at the end remote from the mouth, should be tapered over a considerable length.
  • FIGURE 30 and FIGURE 3b show a typical known steam-cooled collector electrode.
  • the wall of the col lector K is drilled with a number of long holes to form pipes H which are arranged in a ring and run parallel to the axis over the greater part of the length of the collector.
  • water is converted into steam, cooling being, in the main, due to the latent heat of vapourisation.
  • the dissipation per unit length of collector depends on the number of pipes provided and, in any particular case, there is an optimum length and an optimum diam eter for the pipes, the former being determined largely by the mechanism of cooling and the latter mainly by the heat transfer properties.
  • the present invention seeks to provide improved, relatively simple vapour phase cooled collector electrodes which shall give improved cooling, better suited to the actual heat distribution, than is obtainable with known collectors and which shall make use of cooling pipes whose lengths can be chosen to be of optimum values rather than as determined by the length of the collector itself. Moreover, as will be seen later, the invention enables the provision of inconveniently long borings to be avoided.
  • the collector of an electron beam tube having a vapour cooled collector is formed with a plurality of sets of cooling pipes each set having its own water inlet and extending over a different part of the length of the collector.
  • the number of sets of cooling pipes depends on circumstances but three sets is a satisfactory number in many cases.
  • each set of cooling pipes consists of a ring of pipes extending parallel to the tube axis, the rings being of diiferent diameters.
  • each set in a ring of different diameter, each set extending over a different part of the length of the collector and having a water inlet at the same corresponding end, the pipes of each set opening into a water and steam outlet chamber extending in line with the pipes thereof.
  • the outlet ends of the water and steam outlet chambers are in the same transverse plane.
  • FIGURE 4a and FIGURE 4b show a prefered embodiment of the invention.
  • the collector K assumed to be part of a microwave klystron not otherwise shown, is inserted in a water jacket T (shown in broken lines) which in use is filled with water up to the level WL and which has an outlet steam pipe SP.
  • the collector is internally tapered in two steps, the two tapers being referenced TP1 and TP2, the former being nearer the mouth of the collector than the latter.
  • TP1 and TP2 the two tapers being referenced TP1 and TP2, the former being nearer the mouth of the collector than the latter.
  • Each set consists of a ring of bores constituting pipes 1, 2 and 3, each set extending over a different part of the collector length.
  • the largest diameter setpipes 1 is at the bottom nearest the mouth of the collector and the next two sets 2 and 3 are of progressively decreased ring diameters.
  • the diameters of the pipes themselves are' chosen at optimum values as also are their lengths.
  • pipes 1 are of. largest diameter and pipes 2 of smallest.
  • Each set of pipes (except the uppermost) has its own water inlet at its lower end and at its upper continues into a water steam outlet chamber C1 or C2, having their outlets in a common transverse plane.
  • chamber C1 extends over the combined length of pipes 2 with chamber C2, and chamber C2 extends over pipes 3.
  • the internal diameter of the collector can be tapered to best advantage.
  • the illustrated embodiment has two tapers;
  • the collector is considerably lighter than a known collector, as shown in FIGURES 3a and 3b, of comparable total dissipation.
  • An electron beam tube having a vapour cooled collector formed with a plurality of sets of hollow cooling pipes each set having its own water inlet and extending over a diflerent part of the length of the collector.
  • each set of cooling pipes consists of a ring of pipes extending parallel to the tube axis, the rings beingof different diameters.
  • a tube as claimed in claim 2 wherein there is a plurality of pipes, all extending parallel to the tube axis, arranged in sets with each set in a ring of different diameter, each set extending over a difierent part of the length of the collector and having a water inlet at the same corresponding end, the pipes of each set opening into a water and steam outlet chamber extending in line with the pipes thereof.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US639399A 1966-05-31 1967-05-18 Electron beam tubes Expired - Lifetime US3500096A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24062/66A GB1138874A (en) 1966-05-31 1966-05-31 Improvements in and relating to the cooling of electron beam tubes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3500096A true US3500096A (en) 1970-03-10

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US639399A Expired - Lifetime US3500096A (en) 1966-05-31 1967-05-18 Electron beam tubes

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Country Link
US (1) US3500096A (fr)
CH (1) CH458547A (fr)
DE (1) DE1541917A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1554633A (fr)
GB (1) GB1138874A (fr)
NL (1) NL6707417A (fr)
SE (1) SE367508B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662212A (en) * 1970-07-15 1972-05-09 Sperry Rand Corp Depressed electron beam collector

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3913538C2 (de) * 1989-04-25 1996-11-21 Licentia Gmbh Elektronenauffänger für eine Elektronenstrahlröhre
FR2720550B1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1996-12-06 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube électronique à vide de très forte puissance à anode refroidie par circulation forcée.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1856404A (en) * 1926-11-01 1932-05-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Rectifier
DE764754C (de) * 1937-01-23 1952-12-22 Siemens Schuckertwerke A G Metalldampfentladungsgefaess
FR1082673A (fr) * 1953-04-09 1954-12-31 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Système de réfrigération anodique pour tubes électroniques à fonctionnement intermittent
US3054925A (en) * 1959-01-15 1962-09-18 Varian Associates High power klystron tube apparatus
US3227915A (en) * 1960-10-17 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Fluid cooling of hollow tuner and radio frequency probe in klystron

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1856404A (en) * 1926-11-01 1932-05-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Rectifier
DE764754C (de) * 1937-01-23 1952-12-22 Siemens Schuckertwerke A G Metalldampfentladungsgefaess
FR1082673A (fr) * 1953-04-09 1954-12-31 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Système de réfrigération anodique pour tubes électroniques à fonctionnement intermittent
US3054925A (en) * 1959-01-15 1962-09-18 Varian Associates High power klystron tube apparatus
US3227915A (en) * 1960-10-17 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Fluid cooling of hollow tuner and radio frequency probe in klystron

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662212A (en) * 1970-07-15 1972-05-09 Sperry Rand Corp Depressed electron beam collector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6707417A (fr) 1967-12-01
CH458547A (fr) 1968-06-30
DE1541917A1 (de) 1970-04-02
GB1138874A (en) 1969-01-01
FR1554633A (fr) 1969-01-24
SE367508B (fr) 1974-05-27

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