US3504191A - Circuit arrangement for charging and discharging multistage pulse generators - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for charging and discharging multistage pulse generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3504191A
US3504191A US632000A US3504191DA US3504191A US 3504191 A US3504191 A US 3504191A US 632000 A US632000 A US 632000A US 3504191D A US3504191D A US 3504191DA US 3504191 A US3504191 A US 3504191A
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Prior art keywords
discharge
value
voltage
circuit
resistor
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US632000A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Rodewald
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Trench Switzerland AG
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Emil Haefely et Cie SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/537—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to multistage pulse generators of the type in which capacitors are charged in parallel via resistors and discharged in series via spark gaps, to give a high voltage pulse.
  • High voltage pulses are normally produced by means of the Marx multiple circuit.
  • this circuit a number n of identical capacitors are charged in parallel via resistors and then connected in series by the ignition of spark gaps, to produce a pulse whose peak value is approximately n-times the charging voltage.
  • the load factor of the generator should be as large as possible.
  • the load factor ,u of an n-stage generator is:
  • the generator should be able to produce both short voltage pulses approximately of the form 1.2/50 s. in the sense of the CEI-publication 60, as well as socalled switching voltages approximately of the form 200/3000 as.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement which can be designed to satisfy all four above-mentioned requirements simultaneously.
  • the invention consists in a multistage pulse generator, in which a plurality of capacitors are charged-up in parallel via resistors, and are discharged in series via spark gaps, and in which the discharge circuit resistor of each stage consists of two parallel branches, a first branch being formed by a high-value resistor, and a second branch being formed by the series combination of a low-value resistor and an auxiliary discharge device.
  • FIGURE 1 is an example of a conventional 3-stage multiplication circuit
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • R are the charge resistors
  • R are the damping resistors distributed over the individual stages
  • R are the discharge resistors distributed over the individual stages
  • LG is the charge rectifier
  • Z is the impedance of the output circuit, for example,
  • R and R which may be provided to determine the trailing edge of the standardised pulse wave, in cases where the discharge resistors R are not suflicient for this;
  • damping resistors R which may be provided to determine the front of the voltage wave applied to a sample to be tested in cases where the damping resistors R are not sufficient for this.
  • the requirements B andC are satisfied by this resistor combination, but the requirements A and D are not fulfilled.
  • the arrangement of the resistors corresponds to the circuit VDE 0450/XL39 view 4a, which as known, exhibits a bad load factor, in particular at small load capacitances.
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that after ignition of the first spark gap the automatic ignition of the remaining spark gaps can be effected more reliably if larger value discharge resistors R are employed.
  • the ideal discharge resistance should exhibit a high resistance, at least as long as the spark gap of the stage has not yet ignited and the desired multiplication has not yet taken place. After ignition of the spark gap, the resistance value of the appropriate discharge resistor should drop, to the extent which is required for reaching that trailing edge half-value time of the voltage wave required by the relevant standard.
  • the high resistance value which is first operative and its subsequent dropping to a low-ohmic value is obtained by an arrangement which is characterised in that the discharge resistor of each stage consists of two parallel branches where the one branch is formed by a highvalue resistor, and the other branch by the series combination of a low-value resistor with an auxiliary discharge region.
  • each stage now has a discharge circuit having two branches in parallel, one branch containing a high-value resistor R and the other branch containing a low-value resistor R in series with an auxiliary discharge device.
  • All pulse capacitors C are charged with the aid of the rectifier LG to the voltage U.
  • the response voltages U of the spark gaps F and F and F are the same, but larger than the charge voltage U.
  • the charge voltage U is obtained, whilst at the discharge regions G G and G no voltage occurs.
  • a test object is depicted by an impedance Zb in a similar manner to FIGURE 1.
  • the spark gap F is ignited, whereupon the charge voltage U appears across the resistor R of the first stage and thus also at the discharge region G
  • the ignition characteristic of the discharge region G can be selected in such a way that it responds at the voltage U, after approximately to 10' seconds. If G responds, then C is dis- 4 charged within the standard time (50 ,uS. or 5 ,uS.) to the voltage U/ 2.
  • the ignition characteristic of the discharge region G is selected in such a way that the transient voltage occurring before the ignition of F does not lead to ignition of G
  • the voltage U occurring after the ignition of F at G is, however, larger than the response voltage of G
  • the discharge region G is thus ignited approximately 10- to 10- seconds after ignition of F
  • the ignition process of the third spark gap F and of the discharge region G are then effected automatically by a similar process.
  • the discharge regions G can be formed by ball-electrode spark gaps whose sparking distances are made slightly smaller than those of the spark gaps F.
  • the discharge regions G can be formed by an electrode arrangement having a very inhomogeneous field distribution, for instance by tube spark gaps. The response delay inherent in inhomogeneous field arrangements with rapid voltage demands, supports the delay in ignition of the discharge regions G desired in the present case with respect to the time of ignition of the appropriate spark gaps F.
  • the resulting discharge circuits obtained by the parallel connection of the high-value resistor R and the low value resistor R are then dimensioned in such a way that both resistors together discharge the pulse capacitors to give a trailing edge half-value time of, for instance, 50 s.
  • the discharge regions G are then adjusted in such a way that for the production of a trailing edge halfvalue time of 50 as they respond as described above, shortly after the ignition of the appropriate spark gaps.
  • the present arrangement which is characterised by two parallel branches of the discharge circuit employing one branch alone for producing a trailing edge of approximately 3000 s, and both together for producing a trailing edge half-value time of approximately 50 ,us, thus offers the advantage that for the changeover to different trailing edge half-value times only the setting of the dis charge regions G need be changed.
  • a generator constructed in accordance with the invention can thus meet all the requirements set out above.
  • adA The load factor of the new circuit is good. It corresponds to the basic arrangement depicted in view 4b of the VDE-publication 045 XI.39.
  • the spark gaps can be ignited far below their static response voltage with the aid of an igniting device arranged at the first stage. This property is due to the high-value discharge resistor R operative alone during the igniting process.
  • the generator circuit can be constructed in a very compact fashion, since all pulse circuit elements can be accommodated within the actual multiplication circuit. Standard voltage waves at a simultaneously high load factor in the multiplication circuit and simultaneous satisfactory igniting of the spark gaps can be ensured without the use of ancillary external pulse circuit elements R R g and R depicted in FIGURE 1.
  • Ad D A generator designed in accordance with the new circuit can be designed to produce voltage pulses with short trailing edges (for instance 50 ,us) or so-called switching voltages having long flanks (for instance 3000 us), without the alteration of discharge resistors.
  • the conversion required for changeover from the one voltage form to the other is limited to the adjustment of the discharge regions G, for instance with the aid of a motor drive, so that they either definitely do respond in order to produce a short trailing edge half-value time, or that they definitely do not respond in order to produce a long trailing edge half-value time.
  • a multistage pulse generator comprising a plurality of stages of capacitors, a first series of circuits for said capacitors each having a resistor for charging up said capacitors in parallel, a second series of circuits each having a spark gap in series therein for discharging said capacitors; the discharge circuit of each of said second series of circuits comprising two parallel branches, the first of said branches having a high value resistor and the second of said branches comprising a series combination of a low value resistor and an auxiliary discharge device.
  • a generator -as claimed in claim 1 wherein said discharge circuit during discharge of said capacitors in the trailing edge half-value time corresponding to the switching voltage, of preferably approximately 3000 ,uS, contains said high-value resistor, while during discharge of said capacitors with short trailing edge half-value times of preferably 5 to 50 ,uS it contains both said high-value resistor and said low-value resistor.
  • a generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein means are provided for changing the ignition characteristic of said auxiliary discharge device from a setting at which each device ignites when the associated spark gap in its stage has been ignited, to a second setting at which it does not ignite when the associated spark gap has been ignited.
  • a generator as claimed in claim 5 wherein said dis- .charge circuit is such that said second setting is employed during discharge of said capacitors and therefore said discharge circuit consists only of said first branch to give a trailing edge half-value time corresponding to a switching voltage approximately of 3000 ts, and said first setting is employed during discharge of said capacitors to give a short trailing edge half-value time, of 5 to 50 [1.5, when both said first branch and said second branch are included.
  • a generator as claimed in claim 7 wherein means are provided for adjusting said delaying means from a value of a few nanoseconds up to a value of a few seconds.

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  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
US632000A 1966-04-22 1967-04-19 Circuit arrangement for charging and discharging multistage pulse generators Expired - Lifetime US3504191A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH584466A CH461632A (de) 1966-04-22 1966-04-22 Mehrstufiger Stossgenerator

Publications (1)

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US3504191A true US3504191A (en) 1970-03-31

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US632000A Expired - Lifetime US3504191A (en) 1966-04-22 1967-04-19 Circuit arrangement for charging and discharging multistage pulse generators

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US (1) US3504191A (de)
CH (1) CH461632A (de)
FR (1) FR1503404A (de)
GB (1) GB1154428A (de)
SE (1) SE324611B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697732A (en) * 1970-01-14 1972-10-10 Peyer Siegfried Multiple operating head machines, particularly multiple spindle textile spooling machines with supervisory operating time indicator
EP0614276A1 (de) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-07 Gerac Groupement D'etude Et De Recherche Appliquee A La Compatibilite Simulator für ein vorwiegend magnetisches Feld und seine Anwendung zum Testen von Einrichtungen
US5813110A (en) * 1996-02-09 1998-09-29 The Boeing Company Low-voltage eletromagnetic riveter
US12160167B2 (en) * 2021-09-07 2024-12-03 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Short-circuit protection apparatus, short-circuit protection method for target circuit, and power conversion device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU154921A1 (de) *
US2014219A (en) * 1932-05-20 1935-09-10 Gen Electric Apparatus for the generation of electric high voltage impulses
US2077773A (en) * 1936-05-08 1937-04-20 Ohio Brass Co Impulse generator
US2185292A (en) * 1938-08-13 1940-01-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Impulse voltage testing equipment
GB521969A (en) * 1937-11-29 1940-06-05 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to means for producing impulse voltages
US3073973A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-01-15 Haefely & Cie Ag Emil Circuit arrangements for the damping of excess voltages in shock potential generators

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU154921A1 (de) *
US2014219A (en) * 1932-05-20 1935-09-10 Gen Electric Apparatus for the generation of electric high voltage impulses
US2077773A (en) * 1936-05-08 1937-04-20 Ohio Brass Co Impulse generator
GB521969A (en) * 1937-11-29 1940-06-05 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to means for producing impulse voltages
US2185292A (en) * 1938-08-13 1940-01-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Impulse voltage testing equipment
US3073973A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-01-15 Haefely & Cie Ag Emil Circuit arrangements for the damping of excess voltages in shock potential generators

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697732A (en) * 1970-01-14 1972-10-10 Peyer Siegfried Multiple operating head machines, particularly multiple spindle textile spooling machines with supervisory operating time indicator
EP0614276A1 (de) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-07 Gerac Groupement D'etude Et De Recherche Appliquee A La Compatibilite Simulator für ein vorwiegend magnetisches Feld und seine Anwendung zum Testen von Einrichtungen
FR2702295A1 (fr) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-09 Gerac Simulateur de champs à prédominance magnétique, et son application aux essais d'équipements.
US5813110A (en) * 1996-02-09 1998-09-29 The Boeing Company Low-voltage eletromagnetic riveter
US12160167B2 (en) * 2021-09-07 2024-12-03 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Short-circuit protection apparatus, short-circuit protection method for target circuit, and power conversion device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1613747A1 (de) 1970-04-23
SE324611B (de) 1970-06-08
DE1613747B2 (de) 1972-12-07
FR1503404A (fr) 1967-11-24
CH461632A (de) 1968-08-31
GB1154428A (en) 1969-06-11

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