US3506746A - Structural form and method for making architectural structures - Google Patents

Structural form and method for making architectural structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3506746A
US3506746A US691358A US3506746DA US3506746A US 3506746 A US3506746 A US 3506746A US 691358 A US691358 A US 691358A US 3506746D A US3506746D A US 3506746DA US 3506746 A US3506746 A US 3506746A
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United States
Prior art keywords
net
supporting
supporting elements
constituted
elements
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Expired - Lifetime
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US691358A
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English (en)
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Jean Louis Fontaine
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR115106A external-priority patent/FR92697E/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/167—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with permanent forms made of particular materials, e.g. layered products
    • E04B1/168—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with permanent forms made of particular materials, e.g. layered products flexible
    • E04B1/169—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with permanent forms made of particular materials, e.g. layered products flexible inflatable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel method for manufacturing rapidly and economically architectural structures, which comprises the steps of providing supporting elements conveniently fixed in locations corresponding to the projecting points of the roof of the structure to be constructed, suspending the central portion of a net having deformable meshes on said supporting elements while allowing the remainder of said net to hang downwardly so as to constitute the 'basic texture element of the walls, stretching said net from its lower edge, applying upon the stretched net a layer of filling material such as plaster or a convenient plastic material so as to form a shell, and removing said supporting elements and their fixing means after solidification of said shell.
  • any desirable apertures may be cut out in the shell, said apertures corresponding to any doors, windows, etc., to be provided in the final structure.
  • the supporting elements are preferably constituted by elements having a convex surface such as portions of spheres, or cylindrical surfaces.
  • inflatable balloons are used as supporting elements, whereby the transportation, positioning and removal of said supporting elements are facilitated.
  • the stretching or tensioning of the net may be effected by attaching a plurality of weights distributed over the length of the lower nets edge. This results in a construction having vertical walls. If on the other hand the stretching or tensioning of the net is effected by applying to its lower edge obliquely directed forces the resulting structure will comprise inclined curved walls.
  • a layer of cement or concrete is applied upon the resulting structure after solidification of the above mentioned filling material; said cement or concrete layer may be reinforced by a metallic grid or a similar reinforcement element.
  • a high resistance supporting net having deformable meshes is suspended on the supporting elements and stretched or tensioned as indicated hereinabove, whereafter an intermediate light-weight web constituted, for instance, by a foil of plastic material or of another convenient separating material is applied upon the stretched net; a second net being then placed upon said intermediate web, whereafter the filling material is applied on said second net.
  • the high resistance supporting net functions as a re-usable molding or shuttering element. Its lower edge may be provided with a frame to which the tensioning forces may be applied, for instance by means of weights suspended on said frame.
  • the intermediate web of plastic material or the like which separates the two nets prevents the filling material from penetrating the meshes of the inner or lower supporting net, thus allowing the latter to be subsequently removed and re-used. Furthermore, the intermediate web facilitates the formation of a smooth interior shell surface, thus reducing the finishing operation to be subsequently effected on the latter.
  • the intermediate web may comprise folds or be constituted by a plurality of partially overlapping web portions so as to adapt the web eonfiguration to the general configuration of the structure to be achieved.
  • the novel method allows for manu facturing architectural structures without resorting to templets and without using scaffolding structures which are of considerable high cost and the construction of which is a time-consuming operation
  • the present invention also covers architectural structures produced by the above-mentioned method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a structure having a rectangular base and a roof with four slopes.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two other embodiments of a structure, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically the way of carrying out the method of the present invention with a view to produce an architectural structure having a rectangular base and a roof with four slopes.
  • supporting elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 having a convex surface are conveniently arranged by means of a convenient scaffolding structure and of convenient attaching elements such as cables; in the example shown the supporting elements are advantageously constituted by inflatable balloons.
  • the supporting elements are advantageously constituted by inflatable balloons.
  • Four of said balloons i.e. balloons 1, 2, 3, 4 are disposed in respective locations corresponding to the four corners of a theoretical rectangle having the same size as that of the basis of the structure to be achieved.
  • the fifth balloon 5 is disposed in a location corresponding to the gable of the roof.
  • the balloons thus are arranged in respective locations which correspond to the projecting points of the finished structure.
  • Mat 6 constituted by a net having deformable meshes (i.e. meshes having more than 3 edges, such as square meshes) is disposed upon the above-mentioned five supporting elements.
  • the central portion of the net will thus rest upon the five above-mentioned balloons whereas the remainder of the net will naturally hang down in a vertical position on the sides of the assembly so as to constitute the basic texture element for the walls of the structure to be produced.
  • the net is then stretched or tensioned, for instance by attaching weights such as 9 along its lower edge.
  • the entire net will then automatically assume a harmonious configuration constituted by curved surfaces wherein the tensional stresses acting on the various strands of the net tend to equalize to a certain degree.
  • a filling material such as plaster or a convenient plastic material is projected upon the net.
  • the solidification of this filling material has reached a satisfactory degree the supporting elements may be removed and the structure be allowed to rest on the floor while being supported by its lower edge. Any apertures necessary for forming the doors, windows, etc. of the final structure may then be cut out.
  • the net instead of being stretched by means of weights 9 may be tensioned in an oblique direction by means of cables or the like, one end of which is attached at a plurality of points distributed over the length of the lower net edge, the other end of said cables being provided with a tensioning weight, and said cable passing over one or several pulleys arranged to determine the direction of the tensional force exerted on the net.
  • the final structure will be provided with oblique side walls having a very harmonious curved configuration.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment wherein the supporting elements 21-22, 2324, 25-26 are constituted by three pairs of spheres disposed, respectively, at the two ends of straight lines 27, 28, 29 which may be materialized by rods or bars.
  • the supporting points also comprise two horizontal bars 32, 33 parallel to the rods 27, 28, 29 and located at a level higher than that of the latter and above two spaces respectively limited, on the one hand by rods 27, 28 and, on the other hand, by rods 28 and 29.
  • Two other supporting elements are constituted by two hooks or similar elements respectively disposed in two locations 34, 35 comprised in the vertical median plane perpendicular to the center of the bars of the abovementioned rods.
  • the filling material is then applied as described hereinabove whereafter the necessary apertures are cut out in the desired locations.
  • the user may vary infinitely the configuration of the architectural structure to be achieved.
  • the supporting elements may be constituted by elements having a convex surface, such as elements in the form of portions of spheres or cylinders.
  • Different and more economical supporting elements can also be used; for instance, at least some of the elements used for a given structure may be constituted by simple arcs preferably disposed in vertical planes.
  • Such arcs may advantageously be used in combination with other supporting elements, preferably disposed on elements higher than the respective apexes of said arcs.
  • the said other supporting elements may comprise, for instance, portions of spherical surfaces or simple rings which are preferably horizontally disposed.
  • the structure to be realized is a building having a hexagonal base 41 constituted, for instance, by a regular hexagon.
  • the uppermost or top supporting element is constituted by a horizontal ring 42; three other supporting elements used in combination with said ring are constituted by arcs 44, 45, and 46 the base points of which coincide with the corner of hexagon 41; arcs 44, 45, and 46 are placed along every second side of said hexagon.
  • Each are comprises, for instance, a lower portion formed by two vertical straight foot portions the top ends of which are connected by an appropriately curved line.
  • the top ring 42 is in a central location with respect to the base 41, i.e. the centre of said ring is located on the vertical axis 43 which passes or extends through the centre of the hexagonal base 41.
  • the ring and supporting arcs are arranged in their respective appropriate positions by means of a convenient scaffolding structure and convenient attaching elements such as cables.
  • the above-mentioned supporting elements are thus disposed in locations which correspond to the projecting points of the roof of the finished structure.
  • a mat constituted by a net having deformable meshes is disposed upon the above-described supporting elements in such a way that the central portion of the net rests on said elements, whereas the remainder of the mat hangs freely in a vertical position on all sides of the supporting elements so as to constitute the vertical basic texture for the walls of the structure to be produced.
  • the net is then stretched, or tensioned, and a filter material is projected thereupon.
  • the supporting elements may be withdrawn and the resulting structure be allowed to rest with its lower edge upon the fioor, or ground.
  • the horizontal top ring 42 may be replaced by a convex supporting surface constituted, for instance, by a portion of a spherical surface.
  • the base of the building to be constructed is constituted by a regular hexagon; it will be easily understood that the base could have any other desired shape such as any polygonal shape other than hexagonal, or a circular or oval shape, or any other desired configuration, even an irregular one.
  • the building, or structure may have, for instance, an elongated rectangular configuration on the small side edges of which two arcs may be disposed, respectively, so as to produce a building presenting the form of a tunnel.
  • a method of making ground supported architectural structures and the like comprising the steps of: positioning at least one supporting element above and spaced from ground level and at the roof of an architectural structure to be formed, suspending a deformable mesh element in its central region by placing its central region on said supporting elements whereby the lower peripheral portion of said deformable mesh element is positioned adjacent ground level and the portion of said deformable mesh element intermediate the central region and lower peripheral portion is unsupported and hangs freely to provide the basic texture of the side wall of said architectural structure, tensioning said lower peripheral portion downwardly to tension said mesh element, disposing a flexible web over said deformable mesh element, disposing a second deformable mesh element over said web, and applying a layer of solidifiable filling material to said second mesh element to form a structural shell, then, after said layer of solidifiable filling material has solidified, removing said supporting elements and said first deformable mesh element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
US691358A 1966-12-20 1967-12-18 Structural form and method for making architectural structures Expired - Lifetime US3506746A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR88085A FR1532275A (fr) 1966-12-20 1966-12-20 Procédé de fabrication de constructions architecturales
FR115106A FR92697E (fr) 1967-07-21 1967-07-21 Procédé de fabrication de constructions architecturales

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3506746A true US3506746A (en) 1970-04-14

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ID=26174389

Family Applications (1)

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US691358A Expired - Lifetime US3506746A (en) 1966-12-20 1967-12-18 Structural form and method for making architectural structures

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3506746A (fr)
FR (1) FR1532275A (fr)
GB (1) GB1197766A (fr)
GR (1) GR34836B (fr)
OA (1) OA02552A (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782063A (en) * 1971-08-31 1974-01-01 Housing Systems Corp Expandable prefabricated building system and method of construction
US3985330A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-10-12 Jan William Dorfman Disposable inner mould for boats
US4279680A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-07-21 Watson Jr Louis L Methods for forming thinwall structures
USD285256S (en) 1982-09-22 1986-08-19 Janos Industrial Insulation Corp. Frame and cloth shelter
US5251415A (en) * 1991-01-03 1993-10-12 Butler Manufacturing Company Mesh roof facing system
US6226945B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2001-05-08 Butler Manufacturing Company, Inc Safety mesh roof facing system
ES2196941A1 (es) * 2001-02-12 2003-12-16 Yela Moises Alvarez Metodo para fabricacion de cerramiento ecologico.
NL1029368C2 (nl) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-02 Robert Marius Willibrord Hove Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een bouwconstructie van uithardbaar materiaal, bouwconstructie en verzameling onderdelen daarvoor.
US20070094938A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-05-03 Thoeny Theodore T Inflatable structures
NL1032665C2 (nl) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-14 Univ Eindhoven Tech Ruimtelijke bouwconstructie alsmede een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke ruimtelijke bouwconstructie.
GB2452792A (en) * 2007-04-05 2009-03-18 Kenneth Macleod Method of cladding a temporary framework to create a shelter
US20090145046A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2009-06-11 Thoeny Theodore T Inflatable structures
US20120102875A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2012-05-03 Wilsey Mark E Building structure and method
US20120186165A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2012-07-26 Wilsey Mark E Building Structure and Method
US20220412085A1 (en) * 2019-09-04 2022-12-29 Mark E. Wilsey Building method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2307090A1 (fr) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Bena Gilbert Dispositif de construction

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616149A (en) * 1941-01-09 1952-11-04 Bowen Colthurst & Partners Ltd Method of molding in situ concrete arched structures
US2892239A (en) * 1952-06-19 1959-06-30 Neff Wallace Improved method of erecting shellform concrete structures
US2948047A (en) * 1955-12-27 1960-08-09 Lawrence F Peeler Method of building structures
US3355745A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-12-05 Jannuzzi Frank Cover for pools

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616149A (en) * 1941-01-09 1952-11-04 Bowen Colthurst & Partners Ltd Method of molding in situ concrete arched structures
US2892239A (en) * 1952-06-19 1959-06-30 Neff Wallace Improved method of erecting shellform concrete structures
US2948047A (en) * 1955-12-27 1960-08-09 Lawrence F Peeler Method of building structures
US3355745A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-12-05 Jannuzzi Frank Cover for pools

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782063A (en) * 1971-08-31 1974-01-01 Housing Systems Corp Expandable prefabricated building system and method of construction
US3985330A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-10-12 Jan William Dorfman Disposable inner mould for boats
US4279680A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-07-21 Watson Jr Louis L Methods for forming thinwall structures
USD285256S (en) 1982-09-22 1986-08-19 Janos Industrial Insulation Corp. Frame and cloth shelter
US5251415A (en) * 1991-01-03 1993-10-12 Butler Manufacturing Company Mesh roof facing system
US6226945B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2001-05-08 Butler Manufacturing Company, Inc Safety mesh roof facing system
ES2196941A1 (es) * 2001-02-12 2003-12-16 Yela Moises Alvarez Metodo para fabricacion de cerramiento ecologico.
ES2196941B1 (es) * 2001-02-12 2005-06-16 Moises Alvarez Yela Metodo para fabricacion de cerramiento ecologico.
US20120102875A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2012-05-03 Wilsey Mark E Building structure and method
US20120186165A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2012-07-26 Wilsey Mark E Building Structure and Method
US10533339B2 (en) 2005-06-08 2020-01-14 Mark E. Wilsey Building structure and method
US8813433B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2014-08-26 Mark E. Wilsey Building structure and method
US8627612B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2014-01-14 Mark E. Wilsey Building structure and method
NL1029368C2 (nl) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-02 Robert Marius Willibrord Hove Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een bouwconstructie van uithardbaar materiaal, bouwconstructie en verzameling onderdelen daarvoor.
US20090145046A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2009-06-11 Thoeny Theodore T Inflatable structures
US20070094938A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2007-05-03 Thoeny Theodore T Inflatable structures
US7506483B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2009-03-24 Thoeny Theodore T Inflatable structures
EP1921218A1 (fr) * 2006-10-11 2008-05-14 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Une structure spatiale et le procédé de fabrication d'une telle structure
NL1032665C2 (nl) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-14 Univ Eindhoven Tech Ruimtelijke bouwconstructie alsmede een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke ruimtelijke bouwconstructie.
GB2452792B (en) * 2007-04-05 2012-09-05 Kenneth Macleod Method of constructing a building structure by cladding a framework
GB2452792A (en) * 2007-04-05 2009-03-18 Kenneth Macleod Method of cladding a temporary framework to create a shelter
US20220412085A1 (en) * 2019-09-04 2022-12-29 Mark E. Wilsey Building method
US12553239B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2026-02-17 Nuroc Engineering Technologies, Llc Building method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
OA02552A (fr) 1970-05-05
GR34836B (el) 1968-07-04
FR1532275A (fr) 1968-07-12
GB1197766A (en) 1970-07-08

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