US3519257A - Process for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace - Google Patents

Process for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3519257A
US3519257A US715669A US3519257DA US3519257A US 3519257 A US3519257 A US 3519257A US 715669 A US715669 A US 715669A US 3519257D A US3519257D A US 3519257DA US 3519257 A US3519257 A US 3519257A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
furnace
catalyst
gases
workpieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US715669A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Winter
Ottwin Krach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
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Publication of US3519257A publication Critical patent/US3519257A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C21D1/763—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere using a catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to annealing furnaces in which gases are employed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process and device in which various types of gases may be formed in situ in annealing furnaces, and without the attendant formation of carbon black.
  • the essence of the present invention resides in the use of an annealing furnace which has a catalytically active surface therein for use in the in situ formation of gases.
  • the drawing shows an annealing furnace in which the process of the present invention may be conducted.
  • the drawing shows an annealing furnace device of the present invention.
  • the device has an outer wall 1.
  • the inside of the furnace is heated by steel heating rods 2 and 3.
  • a gas containing muffle 4 in which there is located area 5 in which workpiece 5a is placed when it is to be processed in the furnace.
  • the atmosphere within the furnace is agitated by means of a rotating ventilator 6 which is turned by means of knob 6a which is attached to ventilator 6 by rod 617.
  • On the inner wall 7 of the furnace there is a layer of catalyst 7a.
  • the catalyst layer can, for example, as mentioned above, be formed by placing a layer of nickel oxide on wall 7. However, if desired, another catalyst can be used, such as platinum or palladium.
  • inlet tube 8 there can be introduced into the furnace a mixture of air and fuel, such as a heavy hydrocarbon such as butane or propane.
  • a gas which can be used for carburizing the workpiece is formed. If it is desired to form a gas for carbonitriding, then ammonia can also be introduced into the furnace, simultaneously, with the hydrocarbon material.
  • catalyst preparations containing nickel generally with a content of Ni of 3 to 6%; but catalysts containing precious metals may also be applied, i.e. metal catalysts, preferably a nickel or a precious metal catalyst on a suitable carrier material, e.g., finely divided aluminum oxide.
  • the protective or carrier gas is formed in the furnace during the operation of the furnace under the conditions commonly employed for such processes, i.e.,
  • the time of treatment varies between 1 and 10 hours according to the desired carbon content, depth of carburization and the strength of the nitriding layer.
  • the workpieces that may be treated during such processes in accordance with the present invention include all those types of materials that are commonly treated in such processes, such as, ferrous materials including steel and steel alloys.
  • ferrous materials including steel and steel alloys.
  • To improve hardness and resistance against wear and tear all technical parts of machinery, parts of gear, working parts, the surfaces of which may be carburized, gas carbonitrided and bright hardened, may be treated accordingly.
  • the gases that can be formed in the furnaces in accordance with the present invention include all those commonly employed in annealing furnaces, and preferably those formed in endothermic reactions.
  • a listing of the types of such gases, the precursors which are reacted to form such gases, and the catalysts to be employed in such reactions is as follows:
  • Type of gas Precursors Catalyst Carburizing (a) C to C hydro- (a) NiO, Pt, or Pa carbon-l-oxygen. carbonitriding (a) C to C hydro- (a) N10, Pt or Pa carbon-l-oxygen-lammonia. Bright hardening (a) C to C hydro- (a) NiO, Pt, or Pa carbon+oxygen.
  • a protective or carrier gas selected from the group consisting of a carburizing gas, a carbonitriding gas and a bright hardening gas
  • the improvement comprising forming the gas 'for such treatment in said furnace by combusting a mixture of fuel and oxygen while contacting said mixture with a catalyst adapted to catalyze the formation of said gas and selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, platinum and palladium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US715669A 1967-03-23 1968-03-25 Process for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace Expired - Lifetime US3519257A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0052614 1967-03-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3519257A true US3519257A (en) 1970-07-07

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ID=7054321

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US715669A Expired - Lifetime US3519257A (en) 1967-03-23 1968-03-25 Process for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3519257A (de)
AT (1) AT287762B (de)
DE (1) DE1533964B2 (de)
FR (1) FR1577340A (de)
GB (1) GB1189046A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3620518A (en) * 1967-03-23 1971-11-16 Degussa Process and device for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace
US3748195A (en) * 1970-07-21 1973-07-24 Nissan Motor Method for forming a soft nitride layer in a metal surface
US4003764A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-01-18 Firma J. Aichelin Preparation of an ε-carbon nitride surface layer on ferrous metal parts
USRE29881E (en) * 1971-06-23 1979-01-16 C. I. Hayes Inc. Method of vacuum carburizing
US4160680A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-07-10 Sola Basic Industries, Inc. Vacuum carburizing
US4249965A (en) * 1978-09-19 1981-02-10 Midland-Ross Corporation Method of generating carrier gas
EP0024106A1 (de) * 1979-07-09 1981-02-25 Ford Motor Company Limited Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken aus Eisen
US4294436A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-10-13 Kanto Yakin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Furnace with protective atmosphere for heating metals
EP0106961A1 (de) * 1982-08-18 1984-05-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gasatmosphäre für das Glühen metallischer Werkstücke
US4596526A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-06-24 Worthington Industries, Inc. Batch coil annealing furnace and method
US20130078152A1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2013-03-28 Ipsen, Inc. Device for Conditioning Process Gases for the Heat Treatment of Metallic Work Pieces in Industrial Furnaces

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2578704A1 (de) * 2011-10-07 2013-04-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und System zum Aufkohlen oder Karbonitrieren einer Komponente und entsprechend behandelte Komponente

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3075757A (en) * 1957-08-28 1963-01-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Furnace
US3125327A (en) * 1964-03-17 williams
US3259527A (en) * 1963-10-21 1966-07-05 Midland Ross Corp Electric heating elements for carburizing atmospheres

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125327A (en) * 1964-03-17 williams
US3075757A (en) * 1957-08-28 1963-01-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Furnace
US3259527A (en) * 1963-10-21 1966-07-05 Midland Ross Corp Electric heating elements for carburizing atmospheres

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3620518A (en) * 1967-03-23 1971-11-16 Degussa Process and device for the treatment of surfaces of workpieces in an annealing furnace
US3748195A (en) * 1970-07-21 1973-07-24 Nissan Motor Method for forming a soft nitride layer in a metal surface
USRE29881E (en) * 1971-06-23 1979-01-16 C. I. Hayes Inc. Method of vacuum carburizing
US4003764A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-01-18 Firma J. Aichelin Preparation of an ε-carbon nitride surface layer on ferrous metal parts
US4160680A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-07-10 Sola Basic Industries, Inc. Vacuum carburizing
US4249965A (en) * 1978-09-19 1981-02-10 Midland-Ross Corporation Method of generating carrier gas
EP0024106A1 (de) * 1979-07-09 1981-02-25 Ford Motor Company Limited Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken aus Eisen
US4294436A (en) * 1979-09-05 1981-10-13 Kanto Yakin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Furnace with protective atmosphere for heating metals
EP0106961A1 (de) * 1982-08-18 1984-05-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gasatmosphäre für das Glühen metallischer Werkstücke
US4596526A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-06-24 Worthington Industries, Inc. Batch coil annealing furnace and method
US20130078152A1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2013-03-28 Ipsen, Inc. Device for Conditioning Process Gases for the Heat Treatment of Metallic Work Pieces in Industrial Furnaces
US8747731B2 (en) * 2009-08-26 2014-06-10 Ipsen, Inc. Device for conditioning process gases for the heat treatment of metallic work pieces in industrial furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1533964B2 (de) 1975-11-13
DE1533964A1 (de) 1970-07-23
AT287762B (de) 1971-02-10
FR1577340A (de) 1969-08-08
GB1189046A (en) 1970-04-22

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