US3551550A - Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters - Google Patents

Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3551550A
US3551550A US808722A US80872269A US3551550A US 3551550 A US3551550 A US 3551550A US 808722 A US808722 A US 808722A US 80872269 A US80872269 A US 80872269A US 3551550 A US3551550 A US 3551550A
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Prior art keywords
filament
filaments
rollers
heated
drawn
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Expired - Lifetime
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US808722A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gunther Bauer
Ingolf Jacob
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/221—Preliminary treatments

Definitions

  • the diameter varies over the length of the roller by 0.5 to 5% and for polyester filaments heating is effected at a temperature in the range of 80 to 150 C. for an exposure time of l to 5 seconds. High speed processing is possible. A uniformly drawn product is achieved.
  • the present invention relates to a process for drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters.
  • the conventional method consists in drawing the filaments between rollers or pairs of rollers whose circumferential speed differs in proportion to the desired drawing.
  • the filaments may not only be cold drawn but also heated to elevated temperatures prior to or during the drawing.
  • the filaments may be heated in a variety of ways.
  • filaments of polyesters may be heated in a hot current of gas or on stationary heating elements or on heated rollers.
  • the filaments to be drawn be heated uniformly especially when winding rates of more than 1000 meters/minute occur in a rapid drawing process.
  • a god quality of the filament necessitates not only a uniform heating but also a careful treatment of the filament throughout the drawing process.
  • the diameter of the pin is decisive for the quality of the finished filament. For if a small diameter is chosen, not all individual capillaries of the filament are sufficiently heated at the beginning of the darwing process, which leads to short sections of the individual capillaries remaining undrawn and, consequently, to a nonuniform drawing of the filament. If, on the contrary, a too large diameter is chosen, migration of the drawing zone on the heated pin sets in whereby the drawing tension becomes highly irregular thus causing a non-uniform drawing of the filament.
  • filaments that have been drawn in a non-uniform manner exhibit a high degree of non-uniformity of the dyestuff affinity which very much impairs the utility of the filaments.
  • the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided and uniformly drawn filaments of synthetic linear polyesters especially polyethylene terephthalate, obtained when the undrawn filaments are heated on or between rollers whose diameters increase with respect to the rising number of filament wraps by 0.5 to 5 percent, preferably 2 percent, the filaments being heated for 1 to 5 seconds in a state which is practically free from tension to a temperature within the range of from to C. and then drawn in known manner.
  • the polyester filaments are heated prior to their drawing for 1 to 5' seconds to a temperature within the range of from 80 to 150 C., i.e. to a temperature above their second order transition point.
  • the filaments Owing to this strong heating of the filaments to a temperature above their second order transition temperature, the filaments extend owing to the known increase of the thermal coefiicient of expansion above the second order transition temperature (Holzmiiller and Altenburg, Physik der Kuntstotfe, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1961, p. 458).
  • the filaments are heated on or between a pair of rollers at least one of which is driven, the filaments being passed around the rollers in several wraps.
  • the rollers may either be heated or a heating element may be installed between the rollers.
  • the variation of the length of the filament is compensated, that is to say the extended filament passes in wraps around a roller whose diameter is larger than that at the position of the previous wrap, whereby slipping of the filament on the roller is avoided.
  • Rollers which fulfill this requirement may be wholly or partially conical or may have a diameter that increases stepwise.
  • the increase of the diameter depends on the temperature of the filament and the attendant extension of the filament.
  • the increase of diameter shall be greater than 0.5 percent over the whole length of the roller and shall preferably amount to about 2 percent. Greater increases of diameter than 5 percent are not required in view of the extensions of polyester filaments observed within the temperature range claimed.
  • the properties of the undrawn filaments would be modified when heating the filaments according to the process of the present invention.
  • the modification manifests itself in such a manner that it is possible after this treatment, in contradistinction to the working method known hitherto, to draw the filaments in a uniform manner to less than 3.5 times, for example to 2 times their original length.
  • the drawing tension becomes more uniform so that even in the case of a high drawing rate filaments of a highly uniform dye afiinity are obtained.
  • the process of the present invention is preferably used for drawing filaments of polyethylene terephthalate which are most interesting from a technical point of view, however, filaments of polyesters of terephthalic acid with 1,4- dimethylolcyclohexane or of copolyesters of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid or of other copolyesters can also be drawn by the process of the present invention.
  • the temperature and the residence time advantageously to be applied in each case during the process of preheating depend on the intended use of the finished filament. It has proved to be advantageous, for example, to draw filaments of polyethylene terephthalate of high strength at a temperature ranging from 80 to 95 C., that is to say at a temperature situated only about 10 to 20 above the second order transition temperature of the filaments, while filaments having a high elongation are preferably drawn at a temperature ranging from 110 to 130 C.
  • Temperatures within the range of from 115 to 135 C. have proved to be suitable for filaments to be used in the textile industry which must have a specific strength of about 4 to grams per denier, combined with an elongation not exceeding 30 percent and a heat shrinkage at 200 C. of about 18 percent.
  • the filament drawn in this manner has already such a high degree of crystallinity that it can be used for many purposes without further fixation.
  • the latter advantage is very important when winding up filaments drawn at high speed since a heated roller rotating at high speed, as it is used for fixation, can be maintained at constant temperatures with difficulty only.
  • heating and drawing of the filament moreover, take place at such high speeds that the filament, heated to drawing temperature immediately after the spinning process, can be drawn without previous winding up.
  • the final winding up of the drawn filament may, therefore, take place at winding speeds within the range of from 1000 to 4000 meters/ minute.
  • FIG. 1 is an end elevation and FIG. 2 a plan elevation of a drawing device.
  • the undrawn filament is first fed to an unheated step roller 1 which is driven by a motor, passed around said step roller in the manner shown in FIG. 1, and then led over a fiat heating element 2 to an unheated step roller 3 which is not driven.
  • the first step of the two step rollers 1 and 3 partially has a conical shape.
  • the filament is passed in several wraps around step rollers 1 and 3 and over the flat heating element whereby the filament warms up and extends.
  • the variation of the length of the filament is compensated by the increasing diameter of the conical part of step rollers 1 and 3.
  • the filament After the filament has acquired the temperature of the fiat heating element 2, the filament extends no further and, after the last wrap around the first step of step rollers 1 and 3 and the fiat heating element, the filament is led around a stationary heated pin 4 which has a diameter of 60 mm. around which it is passed to the extent of 1 /2 wraps. From pin 4 the filament is led over the second step of step rollers 1 and 3 and is drawn by these rollers which rotate at a higher peripheral speed, the filament being passed in several wraps around the second half of step rollers 1 and 3 to prevent slipping.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Dried polyethylene terephthalate having a specific viscosity of 860 (measured in a solution of 1 percent strength by weight in a mixture of phenol/tetrachlorethane 3:2 at 20 C.) was melted in an extruder and forced, at a rate of 163 grams/minute, through a nozzle having 200 orifices and a temperature of 290 C. After having passed through a height of fall of about 4 meters, the bundle of filaments was finished with a preparation agent in the conventional manner and passed around a pair of rollers heated at C. to the extent of 16 wraps in the form of an 8. The rollers had a peripheral speed of 240 meters/ minute. The initial diameter of the rollers was 190 mm.
  • the axes of the rollers formed an angle of about 11 with one another which provided the necessary distance of the individual wraps from one another.
  • the time interval between the delivery of a point of the filament to the pair of rollers and the withdrawal amounted to about 5 seconds.
  • the filament was drawn in the conventional manner by means of seriesconnected pairs of rollers in two drawing stages to 6 times its original length, and then wound up.
  • the filaments thus obtained which had a tier of 1000 deniers, had a strength of more than 7 grams per denier with an elongation of 10 to 15 percent and may be used for the manufacture of fishing-nets, safety belts and the like.
  • EXAMPLE 2 This example was carried out with the use of the same raw material, the same drawing device and under the same spinning conditions as those described in Example 1.
  • the pair of heated rollers had a temperature of C. and a peripheral speed of 500 meters/minutes.
  • the filament was passed around these rollers to the extent of 17 wraps in the manner as described before, then it was drawn to two times its length and wound up at the rate of 100 meters/minutes.
  • the filament thus obtained had a strength of about 1.5 grams per denier with an elongation of percent and had a uniform dye affinity.
  • Safety belts having an especially high capacity to destroy the a-ccelerative force by irreversible elongation can be made from such filaments.
  • EXAMPLE 4 References Cited An undrawn spinning filament, as described in Example UNITED STATES PATENTS 3, was drawn by means of the device shown in the attached 9 9 M itZ t a1- 264210 drawing. Above and below the heating element 2 were in- 2,553,127 1951 Barker 28-713 stalled step rollers whose first steps partially had a 2 45 3,346 1 1959 Pauls n 264290 percent conical shape. A liquid flowed through heating ele- 2,952,879 9/ 1960 KitSOn et a1. 264290 ment 2 which was thereby heated at 120 C. The fila- 3,030,173 4/ 1962 KllrZke t 3.
  • 264290 ment was passed around the heating element 2 and the 3,077,004 2/1963 Mummery 264290 first steps of rollers 1 and 3 to the extent of 10 wraps. 3,216,187 11/ 1965 Chantry ell 1 0
  • Said pin was likewise heated at 120 C. and had a diameter of 60 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US808722A 1964-12-31 1969-03-18 Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters Expired - Lifetime US3551550A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF0044850 1964-12-31

Publications (1)

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US3551550A true US3551550A (en) 1970-12-29

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US808722A Expired - Lifetime US3551550A (en) 1964-12-31 1969-03-18 Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3551550A (de)
AT (1) AT272500B (de)
BE (1) BE674629A (de)
CH (1) CH435536A (de)
DE (1) DE1435467A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1463265A (de)
GB (1) GB1102630A (de)
NL (1) NL6516961A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752457A (en) * 1969-12-04 1973-08-14 Snia Viscosa Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments
US4042662A (en) * 1970-05-13 1977-08-16 Akzona Incorporated Continuous melt spinning and drawing of nylon 6 yarn, while reducing the liveliness of the yarn
WO1989010831A1 (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-16 Sussman Martin V Improved method and apparatus for incrementally drawing fibers
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage
US20150292127A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2015-10-15 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Drawing device and drawing method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3026520C2 (de) * 1980-07-12 1985-03-21 Davy McKee AG, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Herstellung hochfester technischer Garne durch Spinnstrecken
DE3026451C2 (de) * 1980-07-12 1985-03-14 Davy McKee AG, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Herstellung hochfester technischer Garne durch Spinnstrecken und Verwendung von durch das Verfahren hergestellten Garnen
CN114368139B (zh) * 2021-12-14 2024-03-29 广东省科学院健康医学研究所 一种自动化聚合物毛细管加工装置及其控制方法

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752457A (en) * 1969-12-04 1973-08-14 Snia Viscosa Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments
US4042662A (en) * 1970-05-13 1977-08-16 Akzona Incorporated Continuous melt spinning and drawing of nylon 6 yarn, while reducing the liveliness of the yarn
WO1989010831A1 (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-16 Sussman Martin V Improved method and apparatus for incrementally drawing fibers
US4891872A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-01-09 Sussman Martin V Apparatus for incrementally drawing fibers
US5339503A (en) * 1988-05-09 1994-08-23 Sussman Martin V Method and apparatus for incrementally drawing fibers
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage
US20150292127A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2015-10-15 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Drawing device and drawing method
US10106919B2 (en) * 2012-12-28 2018-10-23 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Drawing device and drawing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH435536A (de) 1967-05-15
FR1463265A (fr) 1965-12-23
AT272500B (de) 1969-07-10
BE674629A (de) 1966-06-30
GB1102630A (en) 1968-02-07
NL6516961A (de) 1966-07-04
DE1435467A1 (de) 1968-11-21

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