US3554181A - Method for the rapid reaching and maintenance of a certain temperature level - Google Patents

Method for the rapid reaching and maintenance of a certain temperature level Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554181A
US3554181A US796642*A US3554181DA US3554181A US 3554181 A US3554181 A US 3554181A US 3554181D A US3554181D A US 3554181DA US 3554181 A US3554181 A US 3554181A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic composition
heating device
meltable
chamber
pyrotechnic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US796642*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Gawlick
Hellmut Bendler
Guenther Marondel
Werner Siegelin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19681692251 external-priority patent/DE1692251A1/de
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3554181A publication Critical patent/US3554181A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S44/00—Fuel and related compositions
    • Y10S44/901—Fuel combined with material to be heated

Definitions

  • Heating and temperature maintenance device including a hollow body portion containing a core housing, a material to be heated, a first chamber disposed about the core containing a first pyrotechnic composition capable, upon ignition, of rapidly heating the material to a desired temperature, a meltable metal or alloy disposed about the firstchamber capable of being melted by the ignition of the first pyrotechnic composition, and a second chamber, disposed between the body periphery and the metal or alloy, containing a second pyrotechnic composition having, upon ignition, a slower burning rate than the first pyrotechnic composition and capable of maintaining the metal or alloy in a molten condition for a predetermined time.
  • This invention relates to heating devices. It more particularly refers to such devices which use pyrotechnic compositions forheating purposes.
  • pyrotechnic compositions are known only for the rapid heating of bodies. Their action is similar to that of a stove burner or immersion heater; their advantage of very rapid heating, however, is offset by the disadvantage that it has not been possible hitherto to use pyrotechnic charges for the purpose of maintaining a body at a certain predetermined temperature for a certain period of time after the body has had its temperature raised to that predetermined level.
  • pyrotechnic compositions are used to melt metals or alloys and to keep them at the fusion temperature or in the fusion range over a relatively long period of time.
  • the heat of fusion of the metal or alloy is used as a thermal capacitor. This heat of fusion is yielded over a relatively long period of time to the, body that is to be heated or the system that is to be heated; in this manner the temperature of the body or system is maintained within a range of fluctuation of about percent of the desired level over the given span of time.
  • a rapidly burning pyrotechnic charge which heats the body and brings the metal or alloy to fusion
  • a slowbuming thermal composition which supplies heat to the metal or alloy beyond the reaction time of the rapidly burning pyrotechnic charge and holds it at the fusion temperature or within the fusion range.
  • the excess heat that is yielded is compensated by the heat of fusion of the metal or of the alloy.
  • FIG. 1 represents a side elevation and FIG. 2 a plan view of the system according to this invention.
  • I is a metal body containing a system that is to be rapidly heated.
  • a pyrotechnic charge having a very rapid reaction time.
  • This cylindrical chamber 2 is separated by a thin metal wall 3 from the cylindrical chamber 4 in which there is contained a slowly reacting, energy-rich thermal charge.
  • the thin metal wall 3 is covered on one or both sides by a metal or a metal alloy 5 having a predetermined specific melting point and a specific heat of fusion.
  • lgniters 6 can be located in chamber 2 or in chamber 4; if only one igniter is used, it must be in direct contact with the heating charges in chambers 2 and 4.
  • One or more passages 6a which are filled with a known combustible composition, make possible such direct contact.
  • two or more igniters connected in parallel or in series can be used.
  • the pyrotechnic charge in chamber 2 consists of a powdered metal, an oxidant and, if desired, a reaction accelerator.
  • a powdered metal such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, beryllium.
  • the metals silicon, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, beryllium.
  • cadmium, iron, or alloys of same such as TiAl, FeZrSi, MgAlZnMn.
  • Nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, chromates and dichromates of alkali, alkalineearth metals or ammonium and oxides which easily yield oxygen e.g. Pb0 Pb 0 Mn0 and organic and inorganic peroxides. are used as oxidants.
  • the reaction accelerators are known reaction accelerators such as boron. (e.g.
  • the thermal charge in chamber 4 can have the same components as the fast-buming charge in chamber 2, as long as it burns more slowly. Therefore, it is practical that the thermal charge in chamber 4 is the same as or similar to that in chamber 2 but contains no reaction accelerators.
  • the thermal charge percentage composition can vary within the following limits:
  • Oxidizers 20 to 50 percent by weight 20 to 50 percent by weight:
  • Metal or alloy powder 80 to 50 percent by weight.
  • compositions which meet these requirements are known to those skilled in this art andcan easily be prepared on the basis of information contained in the literature for the desired purpose.
  • the metal wall 3 consists preferably of the same material as the jacketing about the entire system, e.g., steel. This wall 3 serves only to divide the chambers 2 and 4 from one another.
  • the annular metal or metal alloy jacket 5 adjacent to this metal wall consists of any metal or metal alloy; all it needs do is fulfill the requirement that it melt at a temperature that is to be specified, and that it have a selectable predetermined thermal capacity.
  • the following metals are preferentially suited for this purpose; lead, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, an-
  • the thickness of the jacket is governed by what its then'nal capacity is to be.
  • the method of the invention permits raising the temperature of bodies or systems to any desired level between 200 C. and l500 C. within 0.1 to 6 seconds, and maintaining this temperature over a period of l to 5 minutes.
  • the arrangement of the invention can be used, for example, for the purpose of putting a battery into operating condition, i.e., producing a certain battery terminal voltage, by heating an electrolyte to a certain temperature.
  • the metal cylinder in the center of the arrangement reached a temperature of 650 C. within 3 seconds and maintained that temperature for 3 minutes with a fluctuation of plus or minus 30 C.
  • a heating device comprising core means housing a material to be heated; first chamber means about said core means; a first pyrotechnic composition in said first chamber; a meltable metallic wall means about said first chamber; second chamber means about said meltable wall means; a second pyrotechnic composition in said second chamber; igniter means operatively associated with said pyrotechnic compositions; wherein said first pyrotechnic composition has, upon ignition, a faster burning rate than said second pyrotechnic composition sufficient to melt said meltable wall means in a predetermined time and to heat said material to a predetermined temperature in a predetermined time; and wherein said second, slower burning, pyrotechnic composition generates, upon ignition, sufficient heat to maintain said wall means in a molten condition for a predetermined time.
  • meltable wall means is an alloy
  • meltable wall means is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lead, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, antimony, nickel, cadmium and alloys thereof with at least one different metal selected from the group consisting of tin, bismuth, copper, silver, zinc, mercury, iron, platinum, sodium and thallium.
  • a heating device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said composition comprises about 20 to 50 percent by weight of at least one number selected from the group consisting of nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, chromates and dichromates of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals or ammonium; about 50 to percent by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, magnesium, titanium. zirconium, manganese, beryllium, cadmium-iron.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US796642*A 1968-01-25 1969-01-24 Method for the rapid reaching and maintenance of a certain temperature level Expired - Lifetime US3554181A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681692251 DE1692251A1 (de) 1968-01-25 1968-01-25 Verfahren zur schnellen Erreichung und laengeren Einhaltung einer bestimmten Temperatur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3554181A true US3554181A (en) 1971-01-12

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US796642*A Expired - Lifetime US3554181A (en) 1968-01-25 1969-01-24 Method for the rapid reaching and maintenance of a certain temperature level

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3554181A (de)
CH (1) CH485184A (de)
FR (1) FR2000723A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1203782A (de)
SE (1) SE348280B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5467714A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Enhanced performance, high reaction temperature explosive
CN108963291A (zh) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-07 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 一种电极系统与加热系统独立的薄型热电池
US20240120505A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2024-04-11 Omnitek Partners Llc Exothermic-based composite structures and thermal batteries having the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US847668A (en) * 1907-03-19 Albert lang
US2531548A (en) * 1947-08-04 1950-11-28 Catalyst Research Corp Heating device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US847668A (en) * 1907-03-19 Albert lang
US2531548A (en) * 1947-08-04 1950-11-28 Catalyst Research Corp Heating device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5467714A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Enhanced performance, high reaction temperature explosive
CN108963291A (zh) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-07 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 一种电极系统与加热系统独立的薄型热电池
CN108963291B (zh) * 2018-07-18 2020-03-06 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 一种电极系统与加热系统独立的薄型热电池
US20240120505A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2024-04-11 Omnitek Partners Llc Exothermic-based composite structures and thermal batteries having the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE348280B (de) 1972-08-28
FR2000723A1 (de) 1969-09-12
GB1203782A (en) 1970-09-03
CH485184A (de) 1970-01-31

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