US3557472A - Method and apparatus for selecting and reproducing colours - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for selecting and reproducing colours Download PDF

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Publication number
US3557472A
US3557472A US782116A US3557472DA US3557472A US 3557472 A US3557472 A US 3557472A US 782116 A US782116 A US 782116A US 3557472D A US3557472D A US 3557472DA US 3557472 A US3557472 A US 3557472A
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Prior art keywords
discs
colour
tone
disc
tones
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Expired - Lifetime
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US782116A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacques Fillacier
Andre Lemonnier
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/461—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters with colour spinners

Definitions

  • the sensation resulting from the perception of a colour is a subjective phenomenon, particularly as regards the tone (i.e., the exact shade of a colour).
  • the purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide means enabling:
  • a decorator to obtain, by a simple apparatus, a representation of any one of the 50,000 or sotones capable of being identified by the human eye, and to identify it by an index corresponding to the settings which he has had to select for the apparatus in order to obtain it;
  • the invention is based on the use of a principle which has been known since Newton, i.e., the use of a turntable on which can be placed a disc divided into sectors of different colours and of a width depending on the part Which each basic colour is to play in the required tone.
  • these sectors of variable width can be obtained by a series of superimposed discs with slits enabling them to be imbricated into one another.
  • the inventor has found that the presence of a black sector on the gyroscope-type apparatus does impart to the colour obtained by the coloured sectors variable ranges of satisfactory darkened tones but that on the other hand, the presence of a white sector on the turntable does not lighten the colour resulting from the coloured sectors but introduces a grey tone into this colour, thus debasing it.
  • the inventor has thus found it desirable to consider providing, for each of the twenty or so basic colours, not one single disc but as many brightened discs as there are brightening shades or tones which the eye can perceive thereof, i.e., about forty.
  • This number of discs, 800 would be somewhat excessive for practical use, as would also be the cost of the method for the selection and exact identification of all the tones desired.
  • this imbrication or combination of two discs of which the tones are characterized by a different degree of darkening does not show the tendency of the tone towards grey unless it is limited to two discs corresponding
  • a method of determining any desired colour and a lighter or darker of this colour comprising overlapping a plurality of slit discs bearing different colours so that the discs form a dial subdivided into sectors of different colours and of adjustable width, placing the discs on a turntable, rotating the turntable at high speed and observing the colour tone produced by the dial, the improvement comprising defining the various sectors of said dial by an exact numerical or alphabetical and numerical code whereby anyone provided with like discs and turntable and with the coded references the exact appearance of the colour tone selected.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a sectional side elevation and plan view, respectively, of an apparatus used for carrying out the method according to this invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the principle on which this apparatus is used
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show the equipment used in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 7 to 9 illustrate a special application of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a special device with the different parameters defining the tone selected.
  • the apparatus As shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus, based on the known principle, used for the operation of the invention, comprises a shaft I, mounted vertically on a stop 2, affixed to a horizontal stand 3, this shaft being set in rotation by an electric motor 4, two pulleys and a cable 6.
  • a turntable 8 on which one or more discs 9 of one and the same diameter (FIG. 3) can be placed and afiixed by means of a locking head 7, the discs having radial slits at 10, in such a manner that two superimposed discs 9 and 9', of different colours a and a, can be imbricated into each other, producing on the surface of the turntable a sector of each of the discs, the relative widths of the sectors being adjustable as desired.
  • By rotating the disc the user will thus be able to perceive a colour resulting from the combination of a and a in the proportion corresponding to that between the widths of the sectors 9 and 9' (e.g. A1", /2", /s"). It is obvious that the sensation corresponding to a more complex colour could be obtained by placing three or four slit discs on the turntable.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 also comprises a needle 11 capable of moving radially in respect of the turntable, opposite a scale or reference system, enabling the distance from its point to the shaft of the turntable to be measured.
  • a needle 11 capable of moving radially in respect of the turntable, opposite a scale or reference system, enabling the distance from its point to the shaft of the turntable to be measured.
  • the function of this needle will be defined hereinafter when the method by which the darkened shades are regulated is elucidated.
  • the special device provided by the invention enables the user to observe the turntable, when placed in rotation, by means of a sort of pallette on which the different tones, which can be obtained by a greater or smaller degree of darkening of the more or less lightened colour resulting from his first choice, are graduated in a series of rings.
  • a special black disc 12 (FIG. 4) is provided, to be mounted on the turntable, above the coloured disc 9 selected in advance and of which it is proposed to study the changes of tone as a function of the darkening.
  • this black disc 12 is subdivided into a series of arcs (9 in the example shown) of which the angular width increases from the periphery towards the centre.
  • the darkened tone selected can be located.
  • this notched disc 12 is supplemented by a series of black discs arranged star-wise, as shown at 13, in FIG. 6, the black part corresponding over its entire radius to the peripheral blackening of a notch of the disc 12. This will enable the effect of the tone selected to be seen more easily, over a relatively large surface.
  • a finer selection of the tone chosen can also be effected by providing, for each notch of the disc 12, four star- Wise discs of the type 13 (FIG. 6), of which the orientation corresponds to quarter-intervals between the widths of two successive discs a4 and a3 arranged star-wise.
  • the reference of the pure-colour disc selected, or of the two pure-colour discs and the proportion in which one is imbricated into the other (Mr, /2 /3
  • the thirty six black blades are numbered 0-9, each one being subdivided into a-d;
  • any one of the approximately one hundred thousand possible tones of different colours and degrees of light or dark, capable of being produced, can be accurately identified by a fixed reference, such as which will tell the artisan that to obtain the tone for which he is asked he must place on his turntable a disc 16B and a disc 16D, imbricated in a proportion of A2, and superimpose on them the disc 4d arranged star-Wise.
  • FIG. illustrates a more mathematical code for the colours and the tones, by the aid of a graph on which the various pure colours resulting from the mixture of two of the 18 adjacent basic colours, in a relative proportion of A to /2, are given along the abscissa, while the different degrees of lightening of these basic colours are given along the ordinates.
  • the 18 basic colours corresponding to a material disc are marked in intenvals of 4, i.e. 4, 8, 12 72; one of the points on the abscissa of the graph 21, corresponds to the superimposition of the discs 20 and 24 in the relative proportion of 4.
  • the ten discs which correspond, for each basic colour, to the main degrees of lightening are referenced in multiples of 4, starting with the white, i.e. 4, 8, 10, 12, up to 40, corresponding to the pure zone.
  • a point on the ordinate of the graph, 22, corresponds to the superimposition of the lightening discs 20 and 24 imbricated in a proportion of /z.
  • Each of the 70 40 tones, corresponding to 72 pure colours lightened in various degrees, is thus referenced by its abscissa, defining the basic-colour disc or discs by which it can be obtained, and by its ordinate, which locates that one of the discs of the colour selected which can be used in order to obtain the required tone.
  • the darkened tones are also referenced as in the foregoing, by the number of the corresponding blade.
  • the invention also relates to a particular application of the definition of the colours by the imbrication of a number of discs of different colours on a turntable.
  • the limit of this freedom of choice will be defined by the larger or smaller width of the circular sectors to be placed on the turntable.
  • the local authority will thus supply the builder with a set of sectors 14, 15, 16 and 17 (FIG. 7), which are white, black, yellow and green respectively, and of 270, 90, 180 and 60, and which he can use as he wishes, in combination, by imbricating them into one another, in order to obtain the tone corresponding, for example, to the rotation of the dial shown in FIG. 7.
  • the invention is not confined to the construction of the apparatus described in the foregoing.
  • the discs with slits enabling them to be imbricated into one another can be replaced by cubes of different colours capable of being placed side by side on the turntable. All six sides of each cube of a given basic colour are of this same colour but graduated in six different tones, ranging to white.
  • a set of black masks can be provided, for superimposition on the coloured cubes and having radial openings of larger or smaller size, to enable the darkening of the resulting tones to be varied.
  • the method of identifying and reproducing colors comprising: providing sets of discs colored with basic colors and mixtures of said basic colors with white; selecting at least two of said discs; interleaving said selected discs to a predetermined degree and simultaneously rotating said interleaved discs while observing the same to thereby produce a resultant visible tint of said basic color; and rendering said visible color a darker shade by simultaneously spinning, with said interleaved discs, a black disc comprising opposed sectors of predetermined angular extent.
  • each set of discs of each pure color comprises about ten discs, colored with a mixture of said pure color and different amounts of white.
  • the method of claim 1 including providing a set of about forty of said sectored black discs, on each of which the black sectors are of different angular extent from the others.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
US782116A 1967-12-07 1968-12-09 Method and apparatus for selecting and reproducing colours Expired - Lifetime US3557472A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR131344 1967-12-07

Publications (1)

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US3557472A true US3557472A (en) 1971-01-26

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US782116A Expired - Lifetime US3557472A (en) 1967-12-07 1968-12-09 Method and apparatus for selecting and reproducing colours

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US (1) US3557472A (fr)
BE (1) BE724991A (fr)
CH (1) CH498386A (fr)
DE (1) DE1813327A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1554843A (fr)
GB (1) GB1248064A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD363314S (en) 1994-04-06 1995-10-17 Nita Leland Color wheel insert for selecting color schemes
US20060103860A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Wilson R S Reflective additive-primary color generators
WO2006051411A3 (fr) * 2004-11-12 2007-08-16 R Sloan Wilson Jr Generateurs de couleurs primaires additives par reflectivite diffuse
US20080000390A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2008-01-03 Wilson R S Jr Reflective additive-process color genesis with image
USD1038229S1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2024-08-06 Aritzia LP Volvelle, wheel chart or the like

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD363314S (en) 1994-04-06 1995-10-17 Nita Leland Color wheel insert for selecting color schemes
US20060103860A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Wilson R S Reflective additive-primary color generators
WO2006051411A3 (fr) * 2004-11-12 2007-08-16 R Sloan Wilson Jr Generateurs de couleurs primaires additives par reflectivite diffuse
US20080000390A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2008-01-03 Wilson R S Jr Reflective additive-process color genesis with image
USD1038229S1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2024-08-06 Aritzia LP Volvelle, wheel chart or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1248064A (en) 1971-09-29
FR1554843A (fr) 1969-01-24
CH498386A (fr) 1970-10-31
BE724991A (fr) 1969-05-16
DE1813327A1 (de) 1969-06-19

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