US3570451A - Enameling apparatus - Google Patents

Enameling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3570451A
US3570451A US667142A US3570451DA US3570451A US 3570451 A US3570451 A US 3570451A US 667142 A US667142 A US 667142A US 3570451D A US3570451D A US 3570451DA US 3570451 A US3570451 A US 3570451A
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Prior art keywords
shaft
casing
workpiece
bathtub
enamel
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US667142A
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English (en)
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Robert Le Heron
Harold Le Heron
Frederic Lebouchard
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Porcher SA
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Porcher SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/04—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D9/00—Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and a paratus for enameling metallicv P products such as cast iron bathtubs wherein theproduct to be enameled is mechanically conveyed to a preheating tunnel [54] ENAMPUNG APPRAZTUS furnace where it remains sufficiently to reach a desired tem- 15 a s Drawing Flgs' perature. Then the product is automatically conveyed to a [52] US. Cl.... 118/308, dredging station and oscillated during which enamel is 118/313, 118/318, 118/326, 118/500 mechanically distributed on the entire product from a [51] Int.
  • Cl B05c 5/00 dredging element which moves relative to the movement of [50] Field of Search 118/53, the roduct.
  • the product is P PP 326, 319, 500, 320, 321, 308, 56, 313, 318; conveyed to an enamel firing furnace and finally it is conveyed 134/ l 61 to a cooling station.
  • IMEnTDRfi fioanrzr L e HERM HHQDLD .L 9 Hana QLVMADE.
  • Smnm FREDEm a Le ucMPD ENAMEMNG APPARATUS SUMMARY OF OBJECTS AND INVENTION This invention relates to a novel process and apparatus for enameling metallic pieces such as for example cast iron bathtubs.
  • the present invention relates exclusively to the dredging process which consists in bring the metallic piece coated with a slip called ground to a temperature of the order of 900 C., with subsequent uniform distribution of powdered enamel on the surface to be enameled, and finally in ensuring the fusing down to a smooth surface by firing in a furnace.
  • the enamel is applied to the piece by means of a dredge manipulated by an operator who is called the enameler. This operation demands a considerable expenditure of physical effort on the part of the enameler, ability to withstand heat, and remarkable dexterity, to obtain an equal distribution of the enamel, since the slightest false move on the part of the enameler results in rejection of the workpiece.
  • each enameler must have a separate work station with a rotary support, a handling fork and one or two furnaces that must be maintained at a temperature higher than that to which the bathtub must be raised for enameling, involving a considerable heat expenditure and the setting up costly recuperating apparatus.
  • One of the notable features of the process of the invention is the replacing of the manual enameling operation by a mechanical process.
  • the subject of the present invention is a novel continuous dry process enameling of metallic pieces, specifically cast iron bathtubs, the process being characterized substantially by the fact that pieces to be enameled are conveyed mechanically from storage to the entrance of a preheating tunnel furnace in which the piece remains for the time required to reach the desired temperature; the preheated piece is automatically conveyed to a station for mechanical distribution of the enamel; the piece and the enamel distributing dredge are constrained to execute a relative motion in the course of which the totality of the points of the surface pass under the enamel dredge or dredges at a uniform distance; the piece is then conveyed to the enamel firing furnace; and after firing the piece is extracted and moved on a cooling line.
  • the continuous preheating of the bathtub makes it possible to utilize the hot gases of the hottest part of the furnace for the preheating and to return these gases to the ambient air when they have released their calories to the tubs in the course of preheating.
  • the rhythm of production is governed solely by the time of automatic dredging of the enamel, and is in no way subject to physical capabilities of works and particularly their ability to withstand heat.
  • the tunnel preheating furnace encloses carriages on which the workpieces are mounted, the issuing of a carriage and the preheated piece that it bears coinciding substantially with introduction of a carriage bearing a cold workpiece at the outer end of the tunnel.
  • the tunnel furnace delivers a carriage and a preheated piece each time that it has been possible to empty the mechanical enamel dredging station on the production line. In other words, the rhythm of production is controlled by the tempo of the mechanical dredging station on the line.
  • the number of carriages in the tunnel furnace is such that each carriage has a sufficient residence time in the tunnel furnace to reach the desired temperature.
  • the enameling station has a plate which executes a complex movement.
  • the tub to be enameled is fixed on the said plate, and above it the vibrating screen that distributes the powdered enamel executes only horizontal movements.
  • the motion of the plate supporting the tub to be enameled is so arranged that the dredge remains at a substantially uniform distance from the surfaces on which it deposits the powdered enamel, and it moves with reference to the said surfaces at a substantially constant speed.
  • the plate on which the bathtub is fixed is inclined at about 45 with reference to the dredge, and it moves in rotation around a first axis that itself rotates around a second axis which is fixed and parallel to the first, the said first rotation occurring at a speed that is half that of the second rotation, and in the opposite direction.
  • the dredging of the enamel is accomplished simultaneously on one sidewall and on the bottom part of the bathtub. This is an interesting feature of the device of the invention because customarily the enamel dusting is effected first either on the sides or on the bottom of the tub but not on both at the same time. It may further be pointed out 'that the vibrations impressed upon the dredge are so controlled that distribution of the powder is slowed in proportion to the thickness of the enamel layer already on the tub.
  • the enameling station is furnished with a dredge device that follows the edges of the tub at a substantially constant distance and speed, being controlled by a cam arrangement that is integral with the drive of the above mentioned supporting plate.
  • the conveying of the dredged tube is effected by an automatic charging platform that moves into the fusing down furnace, while another platform effects the discharging from the furnace and setting in place on the cooling line.
  • the present invention also relates to devices for conducting the above described process, particularly the combination of a mechanical charging conveyor for a tunnel furnace, the tunnel furnace supplied by the said conveyor, a mechanical discharging conveyor, a device for return of the carriages that constitute the supports of the pieces to be preheated in the tunnel furnace so that the said carriages moved in a closed circuit.
  • the invention further relates to a station for mechanical enameling, comprising a support plate for the pieces to be enameled and one or more dredges for distribution of the powdered enamel, the said dredges being constrained to execute, with reference to the workpiece, a relative movement at substantially uniform distance and speed, a conveyor which allows supply of one or more fusing down furnaces, a conveyor effecting discharge of the said fusing down furnace, and a cooling line.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a setup according to the invention, which makes possible the enameling of cast iron bathtubs previously coated with a slip ground formed by a mixture of silicates;
  • FIG. 2 shows the conveyor which loads a bathtub onto a carriage
  • FIG. 3 shows in elevation the pusher device that introduces a bathtub loaded carriage into the tunnel furnace
  • FIG. 4 shows the extractor for removal of the empty carriage from the tunnel furnace after removal of the preheated tub borne by the said carriage
  • FIG. 5 shows a transverse section of the tunnel furnace
  • FIG. 6 shows a carriage for conveying the bathtub through the tunnel furnace
  • FIG. 7 shows the handling device for extraction of a preheated tub from the furnace
  • FIG. 8 shows in axial section the drive device for the supporting plate of the enameling station
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 shows a transverse view of the whole enameling statron
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of the whole enameling station
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view of the conveyor that carries the dredged bathtub into the fusing down furnace
  • FIG. 13 is a view in elevation of the device of FIG. 12.
  • numeral 1 designates the conveyor that allows loading of a bathtub, to convey it above a carriage on which it is placed at the station designated 2.
  • the carriage loaded with the bathtub is conveyed on a transfer mechanism 3 to the furnace station designated 4.
  • the furnace station 4 is opposite the entrance of tunnel furnace 5 from which discharge is effected at a transfer station designated 6, where the bathtub that was preheated in tunnel furnace 5 is removed.
  • the carriage which held the discharged tub is transferred by mechanism 7 similar to entrance transfer mechanism 3, to a return line 8 which leads in reverse direction back to station 2.
  • the preheated bathtub discharged from the tunnel furnace is taken to an enameling station generally designated 9.
  • the bathtub is taken up by a conveyor 10 which delivers it to the so-called fusing down furnace 11. Removal from furnace I1 is effected by a conveyor 12 which delivers the bathtub to a cooling line 13.
  • Stations 4, 5, 6, 9 and 13 are aligned.
  • station 11 is off to the side so that charging and extraction from the fusing down furnace are effected through the same door of the furnace, this arrangement having the advantage from the point of view of heat economy, since the fusing down furnace has only one door.
  • Conveyor device 1 and the station for loading carriage 2 are shown in detail in FIG. 2.
  • the device is constituted by a movable trolley apparatus that moves on an overhead rail 14 such as may be on the ceiling of the shed that shelters the equipment.
  • the movable apparatus 15 supports a rhombus linkage connected to apparatus 15 by a shaft 16 that forms one of the apexes of the said rhombus.
  • the apex opposite shaft 16 is connected to a plate 17 by a shaft 18.
  • the two other apexes of the rhombus are connected, the first, 19, to piston 20 of a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, and the second, 21, to body 22 of the said jack.
  • jacks are assumed to be hydraulic, but it is quite clear that the said jacks could also be pneumatic or other suitably powered jacks.
  • the above mentioned jack is additionally supported at its end opposite that which supports shaft 21 by a rod 23 which with rod 24 connecting shafts 16 and 21 forms two parallel arms of an articulated parallelogram whose other two parallel arms are on the one hand mechanism 15 and on the other the hydraulic jack 22.
  • This assembly is substantially symmetrical with reference to the longitudinal axis ofjack 22, i.e. there is a rod 25 symmetrical to rod 23, and a rod 26 symmetrical to rod 24.
  • Plate 17 supports two skis 27, below its opposite sides, and parallel to jack 22.
  • the skis are separated by the width of the bathtub to be enameled.
  • the skis 27 engage under the edges formed by the upper part of the tubs.
  • a bathtub is drawn in position for treatment, designated 28 in FIG. 2. This bathtub is set onto the two skis 27 either manually or automatically by any appropriate means.
  • Bathtub 28 when it is brought to the conveyor is preferably covered with a layer of slip called ground, but it is obvious that the presence of this layer is in no way necessary to the process of the invention.
  • the ground comprises a mixture of silicates of the type customarily used.
  • Mechanism 15 presents an arcuate element 29 on which electric contacts are placed, for control of the operation of jack 22. It can move along the rolling path 14 to the loading station designated 2 in FIG. 1. It thus arrives above the point at which a carriage designated 30 has been placed.
  • Carriage 30 is mounted on four rollers 31 which allow it to move on rails 32. It comprises two vertical uprights 33 whose upper ends are connected by two horizontal bars 34 between which there are stretched refractory steel wires 35. The length of bars 34 is such that the assembly constituting the bars and wires 35 forms a cradle for bathtub 28.
  • Transfer unit 3 is mounted on rollers 38 whose path is designated 39. The displacement of the transfer unit is as far as the station designated 4 in FIG. 1. Station 4 is just opposite the entrance of tunnel furnace 5.
  • a stop device ensures'alignment of the portions of rail 32 supported by the transfer unit 3, on which rail portions carriage 30 can roll, and rails 40 which allow introduction of carriage 30 into tunnel furnace 5.
  • the said rails 40 are symmetrically disposed with reference to the axis of the tunnel furnace, and parallel to the said axis.
  • the tunnel furnace is provided at its entrance side, i.e. on the side of station 4, with a double door 41 which is controlled transversely by a hydraulic jack.
  • the furnace is separated into two parts by a horizontal insulating partition 42 (see FIG. 5) presenting along the furnace axis, a slot that affords passage for uprights 33 of carriages 30.
  • a horizontal insulating partition 42 (see FIG. 5) presenting along the furnace axis, a slot that affords passage for uprights 33 of carriages 30.
  • Above wall 42 is the hot part of the furnace. Below said wall there is the rolling part of the carriages.
  • Device 45 comprises a movable element sliding along rails 40 of the furnace and presenting at the forward part, i.e. on the side of station 4, a hinged self-locking prop 46.
  • Pusher 45 is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
  • Its movable element comprises two side pieces 47 on which there are rollers 48.
  • The. side pieces 47 are interconnected by steel bars 49, the spacing of the said bars being such that the bar assembly 49 forms a sort of rack which engages a control pinion 50 whose drive reduction element is designated 51.
  • Prop 46 is placed on one of the side pieces 47 and when pusher 45 is in its extreme forward position it engages stop 52 borne by transfer unit 3. This contact is only effected, of course, if transfer unit 3 is at station 4, i.e. if it has conveyed carriage 30 to a point opposite the entrance of tunnel furnace 5.
  • the apex of prop 46 bears a damping device 53 which can be applied to the frame of carriage 30 when pusher 45 moves toward the interior of the furnace, which allows introduction of the said carriage into tunnel furnace 5.
  • prop 46 abuts against a fixed rod 54 inside the tunnel furnace, said rod 54 causing the folding of the prop and the lowering of damping element 53.
  • the outlet from tunnel furnace 5 is closed by means of a double door 55 controlled by hydraulic jack and identical with door 41.
  • An extractor designated 56 effects the exit of carriages 30.
  • Device 56 delivers carriage 30 issuing from the tunnel furnace onto a transfer unit 7, the loading of the carriage on the transfer unit being accomplished at the station designated 6 in FIG. 1.
  • the transfer unit 7 is identical with transfer unit 3 at the entrance to the tunnel furnace. It comprises rollers 38a which move on a rolling path 39a which is parallel to path 39, and disposed symmetrically thereto with reference to the center of the tunnel furnace.
  • the transfer unit supports carriage 30 by rails 32 which receive rollers 31 of carriage 30.
  • Rails 32 are positioned with a very slight incline, of the order of 1 percent, on transfer unit 7, so that carriage 30 issuing from the furnace will not tend to pass through station 6 and so that the said carriage will remain in place on the transfer unit when it is delivered there by extractor S6.
  • Extractor 56 comprises two wheels 57-58 which are connected by a chain 59.
  • the extractor parallels rails 40 of tunnel furnace 5, on one side of the track formed by the said rails.
  • Chain 59 has three blocks 60 which are perpendicular to the extensions of the axles of wheels 31 of carriage 30, which extensions are designated 31a in the drawing.
  • the three blocks 60 are spaced at equal distances along chain 59 whose total length is so calculated that when the extractor is not operating one of blocks 60 is near extension 31a of one of the axles of carriage 30 inside the furnace, and so that another of the blocks is then in contact with extension 31a of one of the axles of carriage 30 on transfer unit 7, said transfer unit then being at the station designated 6 in FIG. 1.
  • the transfer unit 7 can execute a movement of translation that is identical to that of transfer unit 3, so as to being carriage 30 that it supports into the return track designated 8 in FIG. 1.
  • the return track 8 comprises rails 32 which end at loading station 2.
  • Transfer unit 7 delivers carriage 30 that it bears apoint opposite said rails 32.
  • the movement of the carriage is effected by a block chain similar to that of extractor 56.
  • the bathtub borne by the carriage is taken before extraction of the carriage by a conveyor designated 61 shown in details in FIG. 7. it moves in translation on an overhead rail 62 placed on the ceiling of the shop where the apparatus is installed.
  • Rail 62 is located in the extension of the axis of tunnel furnace 5.
  • a movable assembly 63 rolls on rail 62 and has a rack device that allows vertical movement of a plate 64 which is a support for a fork 65.
  • the vertical clearance of plate 64 is adequate to allow fork 65 to descend to the desired height to penetrate inside tunnel furnace 5 when discharge door 55 is open, and to raise the tub at the output of the tunnel furnace.
  • the movement of assembly 63 along rail 62 will bring the tub to the enameling station designated by 9 in H6. 1.
  • the vertical translation of plate 64 allows fork 65 to deposit the bathtub on the bathtub support at the enameling station.
  • a transfer unit designated (FIGS. 12 and 13) which moves on two horizontal ground rails 66. It comprises a principal frame 67 rolling by means of rollers on rails 66, the movement of translation of the principal frame being controlled by reducing gear 68.
  • the transverse translation of secondary frame 70 is controlled by a reducing gear 72 and the rotation of upright 71 is controlled by a reducing gear 73, by means of a toothed crown 74.
  • Transfer platform 10 by its translation and rotation, makes it possible to take a bathtub at the enameling station and deliver it opposite the door 79 of fusing down furnace 11 in which it introduces the tub after the door 79 is opened. Door 79 is controlled by a hydraulic jack.
  • Tub 28 is placed in the fusing down furnace 11, on a fixed cradle 80.
  • the removal from the furnace after firing of the enamel in furnace 11 is e ffected by a platform 12 which is absolutely identical with transfer platform 10 described above.
  • the rails under platform 12 are extensions of the rails under transfer platform 10.
  • Platform l2 deposits the enameled tub on the cooling line, which is conventional type, designated 13 in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 10, enameling station 9 of F IG.
  • Dredge 81 comprises a carriage mounted on rollers 83 which moves in translation on rails 84 whose direction is perpendicular to the axis of tunnel furnace 5.
  • the motion of the dredge on its rails 84 is controlled by a jack 85.
  • the carriage hasat its front part a screen 86 which is out of plumb and which is caused to vibrate by means of a pneumatic device 87.
  • Supply to the screen is effected by a distributor 88 from a hopper 89 connected to distributor 88, via flexible hose 90.
  • Screen 86 as well as its vibrator 87 and its distributor 88 can be moved, with reference to the carriage that supports them, in a horizontal movement which is closed to a translation substantially perpendicular to the direction of rails 84. The said movement is a rotation of slight angular amplitude and large radius.
  • Screen 86 is furnished with a cooling device. Since hopper 89 distributes the enamel to screen 86 as a fine powder, the work station is surmounted by a dust aspirator hood 91 having a filter that retains the aspirated enamel.
  • the drive device 82 for the bathtub is located opposite the end of rails 84.
  • Drive device 82 is formed by a circular plate 92 on which there is mounted a bathtub support 93, formed by a single sheet in the form of the tub to be treated.
  • Bathtub support 93 is fixed on plate 92 so that the center of the bathtub approximately coincides with the center of the plate.
  • Plate 92 is mounted on a shaft 94 that drives it in rotation.
  • the movement of shaft 94 is double: on the one hand it turns on itself and on the other hand it is driven in rotation around shaft 95 (see H6. 8) from which the movement is imparted to a gear designated 96.
  • Shaft 95 is connected to a reducing gear 97.
  • Gear 96 is formed by a fixed casing 98 which supports a fixed gear wheel 99.
  • fixed casing 98 there is a movable casing 100 which is rigidly fixed to shaft 95, the said casing supporting a satellite 101 on shaft 102 on which there is also mounted a pinion 103.
  • Casing 108 has at its upper part a casing cap 104 in which there is mounted shaft 94 which is connected to and controls plate 92.
  • shaft 94 At the end of shaft 94 there is a toothed pinion with pinion 103 of satellite shaft 102.
  • lasing cap 104 can rotate about the axis of satellite shaft 102, since its position on casing 100 is adjustable but locked once the adjustment has been made, by means of bolts 106.
  • the adjustment of casing cap 104 on movable casing 100 makes it possible to shift shaft 94 with reference to shaft 95, with the said shaft still driven in rotation.
  • shaft 94 executes a circular or revolving motion around shaft 95 so that movement of bathtub support 93 is the resultant of two circular motions, one around shaft 94 and the other around shaft 95, the two shafts being parallel but staggered with reference to each other. Moreover, these two movements of rotation are effected in opposite direction, and the ratios of gears 99, 101, 103 and 106 are selected so that the rotation around shaft 94 is at half the speed or rotation of that around shaft 95.
  • gear 96 is mounted on a frame 107 that can swing by more than 45 and around a horizontal shaft 108 so that plate 92 can be either horizontal or inclined at 45 in the direction of dusting device 81.
  • Cam 109 via a conventional cam follower, drives a duster 111 which is constrained because of the configuration of cam 109 to follow the edges of bathtub support 93 and consequently the edges of the tub during the whole movement of support 93.
  • Cam 110 controls, via a cam follower, the movements of translation of screen 86 with reference to duster 81.
  • the assembly allows an enameling cycle which is continuous and without manual operations.
  • Bathtub 28, covered with its ground slip is delivered to the station designated 1 in FIG. 1 on skis 27 of the conveyor.
  • plate 17 is raised to lift tub 28 and unit is moved along rail 14 to station 2 above carriage 30 which is waiting at this station.
  • safety arm 37 has ensured the position of carriage 30, the lowering of the tub is effected by jack 22, until the bathtub rests on carriage 30 by means of bars 34 and cross wires 35.
  • the movable unit then moves in reverse and returns to station 1 where it is ready to receive another tub.
  • Transfer unit 3 then moves from station 2 to a point opposite the entrance to tunnel furnace 5, rolling on its track 39.
  • reducing gear 51 drives the pusher 45 in the direction of transfer unit 3 until prop 46 comes into contact with stop 52 borne by the transfer unit, and locks it in elevated position.
  • the hydraulic control jack then opens door 41 of tunnel furnace 5 and, via reducing gear 51 and the wheel and rack arrangement 50-49, drives pusher 45 toward the interior of the furnace.
  • damping element 53 is applied against the frame of carriage 30 that it drives and, since the transfer unit has arrived a point where the portions of rails 32 that it carries are opposite rails 40 which penetrate into the furnace, carriage 30 moves, rolling onto the said rails 40.
  • doors 41 close again behind it.
  • conveyor 61 Once conveyor 61 is loaded with its bathtub, it moves backward very rapidly along its rail 62 to arrive above enameling station 9 before the tub has time to cool off. The dredging with enamel must take place preferably between 850 and 920 C.
  • the fork 65 then is lowered, to deposit tub 28 inside bathtub support 93; The descending motion of fork 65 then continues, to release the tub completely, and the conveyor receives a supplementary movement of withdrawal so that the arms of the fork are disengaged from the upper edges of the tub. Plate 64 then rises and the conveyor unit 61 moves forward in the direction of tunnel furnace 5.
  • the bathtub which has been loaded on its support 93 has released a carriage 30 which is still inside tunnel furnace 5.
  • the extractor 56 enters into action to remove the said carriage from tunnel furnace 5.
  • Wheels 57 and 58 drive chain 59, and immediately a block comes into contact with extension 31a of the front axle of carriage 30 that is to be evacuated.
  • Block 60 draws the carriage up to the portions of rails 32 that are borne by transfer unit 7.
  • Doors 55 of furnace 5 are then closed and transfer unit 7 moves on its rolling track 39a to deliver carriage 30 opposite rails 32 of return track 8.
  • the transfer unit is stopped in a good position, the block chain of the return track starts and pulls carriage 30 on return track 8 back to station 2.
  • the transfer unit 7 then returns to station 6 opposite the exit of tunnel furnace 5.
  • the carriage reaches station 2 it is locked in position by control arm 37 and is applied against stop 36 at the same time that the block chain of the return stops. The carriage is thus in position thereafter to receive another tub to be inserted in tunnel furnace 5.
  • the bathtub loaded into its support 93 is then titled by 45 in the direction of dredging device 81 by swinging plate 92 45 around axis 108.
  • Dusting device 81 which was in a rear position moves toward the bathtub until screen 86 is engaged inside the said tub without touching any of its edges, however.
  • the vibrator 87 then begins to function at the same time as the supply 88 to the screen.
  • motor 97 is started, imparting the bathtub 28 the movement of double rotation that was described above. In the course of this movement and because of the fact that the two rotations are in opposite directions, one rotation being at half the rate of the other, the trace ofa fixed point in space on the tub, seen in plane view, is an ellipse.
  • the dredging cycle comprises on the one hand one rotation in one direction during about one-half the dredging time and on the other hand a rotation in the other direction during the rest of the dredging time.
  • the reversal of the direction of rotation is caused by a reversal of the phases of the drive motor and it is possible to regulate as desired, according to the results obtained, the number of turns to be effected in one direction and the number of turns to be effected in the other direction. It has been observed that good results are obtained by dredging during four turns in one direction and four turns in the other direction, the whole operation lasting about 2 minutes.
  • the vibration of device 87 makes it possiinto account the possibility that the enamel powder may cling to the walls on which it falls. Further, it is appropriate to point out that it is necessary to cool screen 86 which during its operation is inside a bathtub that is preheated to about 900 C.
  • the rhythm of the enameling station determines the number of carriages 30 inside tunnel furnace 5,- given that the time of heating necessary for the carriage support of the tub is on the order of magnitude of 20 minutes.
  • the tunnel furnace contains nine carriages.
  • the motion of screen 86 with reference to the tub ensures a good distribution of the enamel powder which is delivered to the screen by storage hopper 89.
  • the motion is synchronized with the rotation of bathtub 28 by means of cam and of the cam follower associated therewith. It is important that the distribution be perfectly uniform over the whole surface of the bathtub to avoid the appearance of flaws upon firing the enamel.
  • device 111 actuated by its cam follower and the associated cam 109, follows the upper edge of the tub, to
  • carriage 81 is actuated by a movement of translation on its rails 84, which movement is relatively small, and reciprocating.
  • Dust from the dredging of the bathtub with enamel powder is aspirated by hood 911 above work station 9.
  • the transfer assembly then moves on rails 66 until fork 76 is opposite the door 79 of fusing down furnace 11.
  • This door operated by a hydraulic jack, then frees the entrance to the furnace and secondary carriage 70 moves to insert the bathtub supported by fork 76 into the furnace.
  • Mechanism 75 has lowered, so that fork 76 delivers bathtub 28 into cradle 80 in the fusing down furnace, and then secondary carriage 70 withdraws as far as possible, door 79 of the furnace closes, upright 71 pivots by 90 in the direction opposite that of its former rotation, secondary carriage 70 resumes its midposition and principal carriage 67 again advances to return to the waiting position near enameling station 9.
  • a device for movably supporting a workpiece during an enameling or other material application process for evenly presenting various surfaces of the workpiece to an enamel or other material applicator comprising in combination, a workpiece support member adapted to receive the workpiece, a first shaft secured to the workpiece support member generally at a central portion thereof, a casing having means mounting said first shaft for rotatable movement about the axis of said first shaft in one angular direction to rotate said workpiece support member in said one angular direction, a second shaft and means mounting said second shaft for rotation about its own axis spaced from and parallel to said first shaft, means connecting said casing to said second shaft to be rotatable by said second shaft in a second angular direction counter to said first angular direction to revolve said workpiece support member in said angular direction about said second shaft, gear means located in said casing interconnecting said second shaft and said first shaft to transmit motion from said second shaft to said first shaft to drive said first shaft in said first angular direction, and means for driving
  • the device defined in claim 1 further including a frame supporting said second shaft, and means adjustably mounting said frame in an angular position for supporting the workpiece at an angle to the horizontal,
  • said workpiece support member includes a bathtub holder having shape similar to a bathtub for receiving therein a bathtub to be enameled.
  • a screen for distributing an enameling substance to a workpiece, means supporting said screen in a position to overlie the workpiece, and means for vibrating the screen.
  • combination defined in claim 4 further including a second screen for distributing enamel substance on the workpiece, and means for moving said second screen in translation over the workpiece.
  • the combination defined in claim 5 further including means synchronizing movement of said screens with movement of said supports, said last recited means including cams operated by said means for rotating said second support 7.
  • the combination defined in claim 4 further including an aspirator hood having a filter located above said workpiece support member.
  • said means supporting said screen includes a conveyor movable between a retracted position away from said workpiece support member and an operative position adjacent said workpiece support with the screen extending at least partially over a portion of said workpiece.
  • the device defined in claim 1 further including means for driving said first shaft at one-half the speed of said second shaft.
  • a powdering table for use in powder enameling of bath tubs and similar objects with an elongated shape, of the type wherein the table has a central shaft and is set at an inclined position of about 45 under a stationary powdering device and turned around the axis of its central shaft; the apparatus comprising a gear casing having means mounting said central shaft for rotation therein, a second shaft spaced from and parallel to said first shaft, means mounting said casing about said second shaft for rotation about the axis of said second shaft, and means for rotating said casing about the axis of said second shaft in the opposite direction and at twice the speed of rotation of the table about the axes of its central shaft, with a distance between the two parallel shafts determined so that at during each complete revolution of the table the inside surface of a bathtub supported on the table will pass substantially directly under the powdering device.
  • a third shaft mounted in said casing parallel to said central and second shafts, said casing is made up of upper and lower parts, said lower part being driven by said second shaft and said upper part having said central shaft mounted therein and being coupled on said lower part for adjustment about said third shaft to vary the distance between said central and second shafts, said gear means including a first gear fixed to said central shaft concentrically therewith, and a second gear

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
US667142A 1966-09-19 1967-09-12 Enameling apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3570451A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR76856A FR1526889A (fr) 1966-09-19 1966-09-19 Procédé et installation pour l'émaillage à sec, en continu, de baignoires en fonte ou autres pièces métalliques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3570451A true US3570451A (en) 1971-03-16

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ID=8617397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US667142A Expired - Lifetime US3570451A (en) 1966-09-19 1967-09-12 Enameling apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3570451A (fr)
BE (1) BE703702A (fr)
ES (1) ES345020A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1526889A (fr)
GB (1) GB1202899A (fr)
NL (1) NL6712672A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716021A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-02-13 Ferro Corp Applicator mechanism for particulate material
US3802384A (en) * 1972-05-05 1974-04-09 Ferro Corp Dry process enamel apparatus for bathtubs
US3942470A (en) * 1974-04-08 1976-03-09 Ferro Corporation Dry process enamel apparatus for bathtubs
US4239015A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-12-16 Mil S.P.A. Device for painting, spraying, enamelling or tinting of manufactured articles in general

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3649327A (en) * 1969-08-27 1972-03-14 Ferro Corp Endless furnace and the method of utilizing same for dry process, vitreous enameling

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US707490A (en) * 1902-05-13 1902-08-19 Carl H Zwermann Enamel-sifting apparatus.
US2435931A (en) * 1940-04-06 1948-02-10 Howard V Schweitzer Glazing apparatus
US2821158A (en) * 1954-10-22 1958-01-28 Gen Electric Machine for coating bell-shaped electrical suspension insulators
US2926627A (en) * 1955-07-13 1960-03-01 Gen Mills Inc Apparatus for performing work motions automatically
US3132038A (en) * 1960-01-29 1964-05-05 American Radiator & Standard Method and means for dry enameling
US3191574A (en) * 1962-08-01 1965-06-29 American Radiator & Standard Apparatus for dry enameling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US707490A (en) * 1902-05-13 1902-08-19 Carl H Zwermann Enamel-sifting apparatus.
US2435931A (en) * 1940-04-06 1948-02-10 Howard V Schweitzer Glazing apparatus
US2821158A (en) * 1954-10-22 1958-01-28 Gen Electric Machine for coating bell-shaped electrical suspension insulators
US2926627A (en) * 1955-07-13 1960-03-01 Gen Mills Inc Apparatus for performing work motions automatically
US3132038A (en) * 1960-01-29 1964-05-05 American Radiator & Standard Method and means for dry enameling
US3191574A (en) * 1962-08-01 1965-06-29 American Radiator & Standard Apparatus for dry enameling

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3716021A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-02-13 Ferro Corp Applicator mechanism for particulate material
US3802384A (en) * 1972-05-05 1974-04-09 Ferro Corp Dry process enamel apparatus for bathtubs
US3942470A (en) * 1974-04-08 1976-03-09 Ferro Corporation Dry process enamel apparatus for bathtubs
US4239015A (en) * 1977-02-21 1980-12-16 Mil S.P.A. Device for painting, spraying, enamelling or tinting of manufactured articles in general

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES345020A1 (es) 1968-12-01
FR1526889A (fr) 1968-05-31
DE1621402A1 (de) 1969-12-18
GB1202899A (en) 1970-08-19
NL6712672A (fr) 1968-03-20
DE1621402B2 (de) 1973-02-01
BE703702A (fr) 1968-02-01

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