US3585429A - An electron beam discharge tube having a shaped collector with a plurality of cooling stages - Google Patents

An electron beam discharge tube having a shaped collector with a plurality of cooling stages Download PDF

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Publication number
US3585429A
US3585429A US794251*A US3585429DA US3585429A US 3585429 A US3585429 A US 3585429A US 3585429D A US3585429D A US 3585429DA US 3585429 A US3585429 A US 3585429A
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United States
Prior art keywords
collector
cooling
electron
tube
interior wall
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US794251*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cian Noel O'loughlin
Graham Cyril Thomas Ball
Christopher John Edgcombe
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Teledyne UK Ltd
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English Electric Valve Co Ltd
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/32—Anodes
    • H01J19/36—Cooling of anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0027—Mitigation of temperature effects

Definitions

  • Tubes of this kind will hereinafter be termed, for the sake of brevity, tubes having fluid stage cooled collectors.
  • the most important application of the invention is to Klystrons but it is applicable also to other forms of electron beam tubes with collectors, e.g. travelling wave tubes.
  • a common collector arrangement is one in which a-hollow collector, roughly projectile shaped and with an open end facing the electron gun of the tube, has its wall formed to provide longitudinal coolant conduits extending along almost the whole length of thecollector and arranged round it.
  • the electron beam enters the open end of the collector and the electrons strike and are collected by the interior wall of the collector, of course, generating considerable heat.
  • the collector is provided with two sets of coolant conduitsit is possible though not usual to coolant more than two-the conduits of both sets being longitudinal and arranged round the collector with those ofone set extending over a first portion of the collector length and those of the other set extending over a second portion of that length.
  • each set extends over rather less than half the total length of the electrode. Water is admitted to the conduits of each set at their ends nearer the gun and steam drawn off from the other ends of the conduits of the two sets.
  • Collectors thus fluid cooled in stages by sets of coolant conduits, extending over different successive parts of the length of the collector and each having its own coolant inlet, are what are herein termed fluid stage cooled collectors and the present invention relates to electron beam tubes having fluid stage cooled collectors.
  • a defect encountered with known electron beam tubes having fluid stage cooled collectors is that hot spots" (i.e. locally overheated areas) are apt to occur in the collector at regions between the coolant outlet end of one set of coolant conduits and the coolant inlet end of the next. It will be appreciated that, at the water inlet end of a set of conduits where the water has not yet been heated up to steam temperature, the rate of coolant flow is relatively low and the rate of cooling also relatively low.
  • the rate of heating of any particular part of the collector depends on the power input thereto due to electron bombardment thereof and if-as is the case with known fluid stage cooled collectorsthe intensity of the power input to the region in the neighborhood between the outlet end of one cooling stage and the inlet end of the next, is more or less the same as it is to other, better cooled, regions, local hot spots are liable to develop.
  • the present invention seeks to avoid this defect.
  • the interior wall of the collector of an electron beam tube having a fluid stage cooled hollow collector is so shaped that a portion of the interior surface of said wall in a region between one stage of cooling and the next is subjected to a substantially lower intensity of electron bombardment (when the tube is in use) than the average intensity of bombardment elsewhere on said interior wall.
  • the said interior wall is stepped at a region between one stage of cooling and the next to provide at the step a tapered interior surface, which is approximately tangential to or tapers away from the electron trajectories (when the tube is in use) to said region.
  • said interior wall is so shaped, over regions other than those between one stage of cooling and the next, as to receive (when the tube is in use) an approximately uniform value of power input per unit area by electron bombardment, said value being substantially higher than that of the power input by electron bombardment per unit area of regions between one stage of cooling and next.
  • the collector is cooled in two stages and its interior surface comprises two portions, each so curved (as viewed in section) as to receive an approximately uniform value of power input by electron bombardment per unit area and each extending over approximately the length of a different stage of cooling, said two portions being joined to one another by an at least approximately conical portion with its smaller diameter at the end nearer the open end of the collector.
  • portions of the interior surface of the collector wall other than portions at regions between cooling stages are shaped so as approximately to satisfy the equation Wsin (0-B) Z17" sin 01/2 (where 2a is the cone angle of the electron beam entering the collector; W is the total beam power; 0 is the angle made by a given electron path to the collector interior wall with the axis ofthe collector axis; B is the angle between said wall and said axis at the point where said given path terminates at said wall and r is the length ofsaid given electron path from the apex of the electron beam to its end at the collector) and the angle between the axis of the collector and the interior surface of the collector at a region between cooling stages is not less than the angle 0.
  • Wsin (0-B) Z17" sin 01/2 where 2a is the cone angle of the electron beam entering the collector; W is the total beam power; 0 is the angle made by a given electron path to the collector interior wall with the axis ofthe collector axis; B is the angle between said wall and said axi
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a collector, in accordance with the present invention, in an otherwise typical electron beam tube, e.g. a Klystron.
  • a high power Klystron provided with a customary cathode A and a buncher cavity B is shown.
  • a customary catcher cavity C and a shaped collector generally designated by the letter D.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing shows an approximately projectile-shaped hollow collector which is cooled in two stages.
  • the shaped hollow collector of the present invention may be used for the collector D forming part of the electron beam tube illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • One stage of cooling is effected by a set of longitudinal conduits 1, equally spaced round the collector and formed in its wall. These conduits extend over somewhat less than half the length of the collector and have water inlets at their ends 2 nearer the open end 3 of the collector and steam outlets at their other ends 4. Steam drawoff pipes are shown at 5. The water inlet piping is not shown.
  • the conduits I are, in the case illustrated, parallel to the collector axis.
  • the second stage of cooling is effected by a second set of longitudinal conduits 6 with water inlets at 7 and steam outlets at 8. So as not to complicate the figure the water and steam piping for the conduits 6 are not shown.
  • the conduits 6 are also formed in the wall of the collector and are also equally spaced round it, but lie on the surface of an imaginary cone so as to conform more or less with the general shape of the collector.
  • the two portions 9 and 10 extend respectively approximately over the lengths of the two cooling stages and the portion 11 extends over the region between the two cooling stages.
  • the portions 9 and 10 are shaped, over at any rate most of their surfaces, approximately to satisfy the equation (where 2a is the cone angle of the electron beam entering the collector; W is the total beam power; 0 is the angle made by a given electron path to the collector interior wall with the axis of the collector axis; and B is the angle between said wall and said axis at the point where said given path terminates at said wall and r is the length of said given electron path from the apex of the electron beam to its end at the collector).
  • An electron beam tube comprising an electron source, a fluid cooled hollow collector having an interior wall and at least two stages of cooling, an interior wall portion of said collector being tapered at a region between one of said at least two stages of cooling and the next, said interior wall portion being inclined away from the longitudinal axis of the tube in the direction of electron flow from said electron source, and the taper of said interior wall portion being such that electron bombardment of said interior wall portion is of substantially lower intensity than electron bombardment of other portions ofthe interior wall of said collector.
  • a tube as claimed in claim 1 wherein the collector is cooled in two stages and its interior surface comprises two portions, each so curved (as viewed in section) as to receive an approximately uniform value of power input by electron bombardment per unit area and each extending over approximately the length of a different stage of cooling said two portions being joined to one another by an at least approximately conical portion with its smaller diameter at the end nearer the open end of the collector.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US794251*A 1968-02-16 1969-01-27 An electron beam discharge tube having a shaped collector with a plurality of cooling stages Expired - Lifetime US3585429A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7607/68A GB1198532A (en) 1968-02-16 1968-02-16 Improvements in or relating to the Cooling of Electron Beam Discharge Tube Collectors.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3585429A true US3585429A (en) 1971-06-15

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US794251*A Expired - Lifetime US3585429A (en) 1968-02-16 1969-01-27 An electron beam discharge tube having a shaped collector with a plurality of cooling stages

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3585429A (fr)
CH (1) CH516224A (fr)
FR (1) FR2002053A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1198532A (fr)
NL (1) NL6902002A (fr)
SE (1) SE341947B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936695A (en) * 1974-04-26 1976-02-03 Varian Associates Electron collector having means for trapping secondary electrons in a linear beam microwave tube
EP0249324A3 (en) * 1986-05-12 1990-02-21 Litton Systems, Inc. High-power switch
CN105762047A (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-07-13 中国科学院电子学研究所 空间行波管及其收集极、制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB835023A (en) * 1955-07-13 1960-05-18 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements in electric discharge devices
US3140421A (en) * 1962-04-17 1964-07-07 Richard M Spongberg Multiphase thermal arc jet
US3421036A (en) * 1965-09-21 1969-01-07 Siemens Ag Varying inner diameter collector electrode for an electron beam tube,particularly high powered travelling-wave tubes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB835023A (en) * 1955-07-13 1960-05-18 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements in electric discharge devices
US3140421A (en) * 1962-04-17 1964-07-07 Richard M Spongberg Multiphase thermal arc jet
US3421036A (en) * 1965-09-21 1969-01-07 Siemens Ag Varying inner diameter collector electrode for an electron beam tube,particularly high powered travelling-wave tubes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936695A (en) * 1974-04-26 1976-02-03 Varian Associates Electron collector having means for trapping secondary electrons in a linear beam microwave tube
EP0249324A3 (en) * 1986-05-12 1990-02-21 Litton Systems, Inc. High-power switch
CN105762047A (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-07-13 中国科学院电子学研究所 空间行波管及其收集极、制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2002053A1 (fr) 1969-10-03
GB1198532A (en) 1970-07-15
DE1907720B2 (de) 1973-02-01
NL6902002A (fr) 1969-08-19
DE1907720A1 (de) 1969-09-18
CH516224A (fr) 1971-11-30
SE341947B (fr) 1972-01-17

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