US3592009A - Liquid storage pit with floating cover - Google Patents

Liquid storage pit with floating cover Download PDF

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Publication number
US3592009A
US3592009A US820165A US3592009DA US3592009A US 3592009 A US3592009 A US 3592009A US 820165 A US820165 A US 820165A US 3592009D A US3592009D A US 3592009DA US 3592009 A US3592009 A US 3592009A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
buoyant elements
pit
cover
elements
buoyant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US820165A
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English (en)
Inventor
Teunis Glijnis
Petrus J Antonissen
Cornelis J Kamp
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Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Oil Co
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Publication of US3592009A publication Critical patent/US3592009A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/76—Large containers for use underground

Definitions

  • said floating cover comprising a plurality of buoyant elements [5 l 1 Int. Cl 865g 5/00 movably interconnected in a fluidtight manner.
  • the invention relates to means for storing liquids. said means comprising walls and provided with a floating cover SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a pit of the above type. in particular but not only. suitable for storing crude oil, and which has the advantage that it is of relatively simple and inexpensive construction. It is known that a liquid such as crude oil has to be stored temporarily in large quantities, particularly nowadays and in the near future, since tankships are becoming larger and larger because of the growing consumption of crude oil. Consequently, it is desirable to develop a storage reservoir for crude oil in which new relatively cheap materials can be used, so that the cost per unit or storage volume will be as low as possible.
  • a simple and inexpensive reservoir for storing crude oil would be a pit made in the ground, partly in the ground and partly above the ground, or completely above the ground.
  • the pit In view of the volatile components present in crude oil it is, however, necessary to provide the pit with a roof or cover to prevent evaporation of the volatile components present in the crude oil.
  • the invention comprises a liquid storage pit having an inclined wall and provided with a floating cover, comprising a number of buoyant elements movably interconnected in a fluidtight manner by thin flexible fluidtight sheets, the buoyant elements at the periphery of the floating cover being anchored to the upper part of the inclined wall of the pit.
  • the buoyant elements may consist at least partly of a foamed artificial resin or plastic, for example polyurethane foam.
  • the bottom and sidewalls of the pit are lined with glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin, preferably mixed with coal tar.
  • FIG. I is a side view, mostly in vertical cross section, of a floating cover according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are vertical cross-sectional views through a pit according to the invention, together with a floating cover according to the invention with the cover in alternative positions assumedthereby during different operative conditions;
  • FIG. 2 shows the central portion of the pit and floating cover
  • FIG. 3 shows the peripheral portions of the pit and floating cover
  • FIGS, 4 and 5 are plan views of different portions of a section of the floating cover according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a top plan view of a part of the cover when resting on an inclined wall part of the pit
  • FIG. 7 shows a top plan view of the same part of the cover as shown in FIG. 6, but floating when the pit is full;
  • FIG. 8 shows a top plan view of another part of the cover when resting on another inclined wall part of the pit.
  • FIG. 9 shows a top plan view of the same part of the cover as shown in FIG. 7, but floating when the pit is-full.
  • the storage pit according to the present invention comprises a horizontal bottom 2, an inclined wall part 3, having, for example, an inclination to the horizontal of l to 15, aninclined wall part5, having, for example, an inclination to the horizontal of l to 6, an inclined wall part 5. having, for example, an inclination to the horizontal of l to and an inclined wall part 6, having, for example, an inclination to the horizontal of l to 2 5
  • the bottom 2 and the inclinedwall parts 3, 4, 5 and 6 comprise an underlayer of stabilized sand 7
  • the underlayer 7 consists of a lean sand/cement mixture, for example, with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 meter. rolled and compacted and its top surface finished smooth.
  • the top surface of the underlayer 7 is lined with a lining 8 of, for example, three layers of fiber glass reinforced epoxy resin/coal tar.
  • a 50/50 mixture of epoxy resin with coal tar has the advantage that it is cheaper and possesses much stronger adhesive qualities than pure epoxy resin.
  • the lining 8 is impermeable to crude oil and many other liquids.
  • the storage pit is provided with a floating cover 9. Attention is drawn to the fact that the pit 1 can be circular, polygonal or even square. In the embodiment shown the pit l is of polygonal shape. Furthermore, in the representative embodiment shown, the central horizontal bottom 2 has a radius of IO meters and the inclined wall parts 3, 4, S and 6 cover respectively a height of 2 meters, 2 meters, 6 meters and I6 meters. The total depth of the pit is thus 26 meters, of which the lowest 2 meters are reserved for sludge and water storage, the rest for crude oil storage.
  • That part of the cover 9 over the bottom 2 and the inclined wall part 3 consists of a pipe frame work 10 on legs 11.
  • the pipes of the framework are polyurethane-filled fiber glass reinforced epoxy/coal tar pipes 12.
  • the framework 10 is filled in with lO-centimeters-thick slabs 13 of polyurethane foam sandwiched in between two fiber glass reinforced epoxy/coal tar sheets 14. These slabs 13 are interconnected by slabs 15 of fiber glass reinforced epoxy/coal tar sheet.
  • the cover 9 over the inclined wall parts 4, 5 and 6 comprises buoyant elements 16, each consisting of a polyurethane foam plate of a thickness of 10 centimeters, sandwiched .in between two fiber glass reinforced epoxy/coal tar sheets 17.
  • the elements I6 of the cover 9 over the inclined wall part 4 are interconnected by flexible vaportight sheet 18, for example by vaportight fiber glass cloth glued to the elements 1 6.
  • the elements 16 adjacent to the framework 10 are connected to the framework 10 by the same sheet 18.
  • the part of the cover 9 over the inclined wall part 4 together with the part of the cover 9 within the central framework 10 drain their rainwater through a pipe system into the pit 1.
  • the slabs I3 and the elements 16 are provided with funnels 19, each provided with a protective cap 20, each of said funnels 19 being connected at its lower end through flexible conduits 21 to a conduit such as conduits 22 and 23.
  • the conduit 22 and the conduit 23 each debouch through a flexible conduit such as conduits 24 and 25 into a pipe 26.
  • the pipe 26 can swing in a vertical plane around a hinge 27 and is prevented from swinging too far to the right by a cable 28.
  • the pipe 26 is provided with a mouthpiece 29 debouching into the pit 1.
  • rainwater collected on the area of the floating cover 9 over the bottom 2 and over the inclined wall parts 3 and 4 flows through the funnels l9 and from there through conduits 21, 22 and 23 to conduit 26. From conduit 26 the collected rainwater enters the pit I. It is possible to drain this rainwater into the oil stored in the pit I since the concentrated water stream entering the pit I through pipe 26 will settle on the bottom of the pit 1 easily, where enough water storage space is available.
  • the part of the cover 9 over the inclined wall part 5 is substantially similar to the part of the cover 9 over the inclined wall part 4, except that the rainwater collected on the cover is discharged directly into the pit I.
  • a funnel 30 is provided in the center of each element 16 .
  • Each funnel 30 is provided with a protective cap 31 and each funnel '30 debouches at its lower side through a foil pipe 51 directly into the pit l.
  • the elements 16 are interconnected in the same way by flexible vaportight sheet 18, for example by vaportight fiber glass cloth glued to the elements 16.
  • the part of the cover 9 over the inclined wall part 6 consists of the same elements 16 as in the other parts of the cover 9. However, for simplicitys sake, the drain funnels have been omitted and the rainwater collected is discharged into the pit I through tangential gaps between adjacent elements 16.
  • elements 16 are interconnected by strips 32 at regular intervals.
  • the total oil surface area When the illustrated pit l is completely full, the total oil surface area will be 38,000 m. In the corresponding position of the floating cover 9 there is an open oil surface of a width of about 2 cm. between the elements 16 of that part of the cover 9 which is over the inclined wall part 6. This means that the total open oil surface, when the pit is full, is about 160 m3, which is about 0.4 percent of the total surface area. Of course, it is possible that this open oil surface is considered to be too large, under certain circumstances.
  • All necessary conduits are located in the center of the pit I, i.e., a filling line 33, a suction line 34, a rainwater drain line 35, a sludge drain line 36.
  • the framework of the floating cover 9 is provided with an elevated central part 37, constructed of slabs of polyurethane foam sandwiched in between glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin/coal tar sheets.
  • a water level indicator 3% is present in the central part of the pit I.
  • the central part of the empty pit should be preferably accessible and thus the central part of the cover 9 has been designed as a framework 10 on legs 11, the framework 10 being filled up with polyurethane slabs 13. Access can be obtained through a manhole 52.
  • the floating cover 9 is anchored at its periphery to the upper part of the wall of the pit l as indicated by the number 41 by means of a flexible strip 42, for example of fiber glass cloth.
  • the position of the floating cover 9 when the pit l is full is indicated in full lines in FIGS. 1 and 3, whereas the position of the floating cover 9 when the pit l is empty is indicated in dotted lines.
  • the cover 9 will have to be able to take up thereduction in area when the cover 9 moves from the position indicated in dotted lines (pit empty) to the position indicated in full lines (pit completely full). As shown in the drawings, a large part of the cover 9 is lying on the inclined wall parts when the pit 1 is empty, whereas the whole cover 9 is floating when the pit 1 is completely full. The cover 9 has to take up, when moving from the position indicated in dotted lines to the position indicated in full lines, not only a shortening in the radial direction, but also in the tangential direction.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show respectively a top plan view of a part of the cover 9 resting on the inclined wall parts 4 and 5 and floating when the pit l is completely fulL
  • tangential or substantially tangential spaces 45. are present between the elements I6.
  • These spaces 45 are somewhat larger than necessary for taking up the shortening in radial direction when the cover 9 moves fromthe position indicated in dotted lines to the position indicated in full lines (FIGS. 1 and 3). Over the spaces 45 the vaportight sheets 18 are present.
  • radial slits or spaces 46 are present between the elements 16 as well. These spaces 46 are so constructed that, when the cover 9 is resting on the inclined wall parts 4 and 5, they are V-shaped (see FIG. 6). Over the spaces 46 vaportight sheets 18 are present as well.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show respectively a top plan of a part of the cover 9 when resting on the inclined wall part 6 and when floating when the pit 1 is completely full.
  • tangential or substantially tangential spaces 47 are present between the elements 16.
  • the spaces 47 are somewhat larger than necessary for taking up the shortening in radial direction when the cover 9 moves from the position indicated in dotted lines to the position indicated in full lines (FIGS. I and 3). As explained before, the spaces 47 are open.
  • radial slots or spaces 48 are present between the elements 16 as well. These spaces 48 are so constructed that, when the cover 9 is resting on the inclined wall part 6, they are V-shaped (see FIG. 8). Over the spaces 48 vaportight sheets 18 are present.
  • the elements I6 are interconnected by flexible joint pieces 49 and are furthermore provided with radial and rigid fixation pieces 50.
  • Apparatus for storing liquids comprising:
  • said cover comprising a central portion and an outer portion
  • said central portion comprising a pipe framework operatively connected to slabs of buoyant material to form a fluidtight cover for the central portion of said storage pit,
  • said outer portion comprising a plurality of buoyant elements and a plurality of thin flexible fluidtight sheets movably interconnecting said buoyant elements in a fluidtight manner
  • buoyant elements at the periphery of said floating cover being anchored to the upper part of the inclined wall of said pit, buoyant elements adjacent said central portion being operatively connected to said central portion by flexible fluidtight sheets,
  • said interconnected buoyant elements and said interconnecting flexible sheets being arranged so that when said storage pit is empty said interconnected buoyant elements rest on said inclined wall, said cover then being in an expanded condition with adjacent interconnected buoyant elements spaced apart a distance at least sufficient to allow said adjacent interconnected buoyant elements to move together in an amount such that when said storage pit is substantially full of a liquid said interconnected buoyant elements float on the surface of said liquid without overlapping adjacent buoyant elements.
  • buoyant elements consist at least partly of polyurethane foam.
  • said interconnected buoyant elements comprise wedge-shaped bodies which are operatively positioned so that at least two nonparallel sides of said wedge-shaped buoyant elements are substantially radially directed with respect to the center of said storage pit whereby at least some of said wedgeshaped buoyant elements are movable relative to adjacent buoyant elements in a substantially tangential direction aswell as in a substantially radial direction, said directions being defined with respect to said pit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US820165A 1968-05-16 1969-04-29 Liquid storage pit with floating cover Expired - Lifetime US3592009A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB23353/68A GB1162200A (en) 1968-05-16 1968-05-16 Liquid Storage Pit Having at least one Inclined Wall and provided with a Floating Cover

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3592009A true US3592009A (en) 1971-07-13

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GB (1) GB1162200A (fr)
OA (1) OA03054A (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736754A (en) * 1970-04-14 1973-06-05 Co Fra Des Petroles Reservoirs for the storage of liquids especially volatile liquids
US3782124A (en) * 1971-10-15 1974-01-01 Petroles Bp Sa Soc Fr Des Liquid storage tank
US3874175A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-04-01 Environetics Inc Apparatus for containing waste materials
US3938341A (en) * 1971-08-05 1976-02-17 Theodorus Prins Storage device for liquids
US3943721A (en) * 1973-07-20 1976-03-16 Campagnie Francaise Des Petroles, Societe Anonyme Reservoir for storing hydrocarbon liquids and process for fabricating the same
US3991900A (en) * 1975-10-01 1976-11-16 Burke Industries, Inc. Reservoir cover and canalizing means
US4224770A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-09-30 Wayside Manufacturing Co., Inc. Outdoor grain pit cover
US4446983A (en) * 1982-01-07 1984-05-08 Burke Industries, Inc. Reservoir cover having a defined peripheral sump
US4603790A (en) * 1985-03-11 1986-08-05 Burke Industries, Inc. Tensioned reservoir cover, rainwater run-off enhancement system
US4618284A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-10-21 Marks Alvin M Device and method for the reclamation of polluted land areas
AU572473B2 (en) * 1982-09-13 1988-05-12 California Texas Oil Corporation A method of operating a floating roof tank and the tank itself
US4899400A (en) * 1987-10-07 1990-02-13 Serrot Corporation Rain-collection pad
US4906134A (en) * 1985-07-29 1990-03-06 Hoyeck Ralph H Self supporting flexible wall dams
US4957214A (en) * 1982-09-13 1990-09-18 California Texas Oil Corporation Modification to floating roof tank design
US5074427A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-12-24 Siemerink Bernardinus F A Apparatus for covering a basin for liquids
US5108225A (en) * 1991-10-02 1992-04-28 Neal Charles W Elevated wall reservoir system
US5265976A (en) * 1991-09-02 1993-11-30 Melbourne Water Corporation Cover for ponds
AU649350B2 (en) * 1991-09-02 1994-05-19 Melbourne Water Corporation Cover for ponds
US6673241B1 (en) 2000-05-03 2004-01-06 Monsanto Company Self-floating cover system for a body of water
US20060076351A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-04-13 Hmt, Inc. Full contact floating roof
US9434534B2 (en) 2014-04-08 2016-09-06 Michael Whitener Retention tank storage cover
US20200199014A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2020-06-25 Aeroaggregates, Llc Lightweight-foamed glass aggregates for vaporization suppression
US11548725B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-01-10 Industrial & Environmental Concepts, Inc. Cover systems, tank covering methods, and pipe retention systems

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970716A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-02-07 Jersey Prod Res Co Floating roof for oil storage reservoir
US3029971A (en) * 1958-09-29 1962-04-17 Shell Oil Co Floating screens for use in liquid storage tanks
US3079030A (en) * 1959-12-31 1963-02-26 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Floating cover for sloped wall reservoir
US3383863A (en) * 1966-08-03 1968-05-21 Joe R. Berry Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks
US3445026A (en) * 1968-03-22 1969-05-20 Donald L Korn Floating roof structure
US3461673A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-08-19 Phillips Petroleum Co Lined pit having wind resistant liner therein and method
US3462040A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-08-19 James Galloway Device for reducing the evaporation of water from dams,tanks and like water storage units

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3029971A (en) * 1958-09-29 1962-04-17 Shell Oil Co Floating screens for use in liquid storage tanks
US2970716A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-02-07 Jersey Prod Res Co Floating roof for oil storage reservoir
US3079030A (en) * 1959-12-31 1963-02-26 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Floating cover for sloped wall reservoir
US3462040A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-08-19 James Galloway Device for reducing the evaporation of water from dams,tanks and like water storage units
US3383863A (en) * 1966-08-03 1968-05-21 Joe R. Berry Pond, tank and pit liner and method of detecting leaks
US3461673A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-08-19 Phillips Petroleum Co Lined pit having wind resistant liner therein and method
US3445026A (en) * 1968-03-22 1969-05-20 Donald L Korn Floating roof structure

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736754A (en) * 1970-04-14 1973-06-05 Co Fra Des Petroles Reservoirs for the storage of liquids especially volatile liquids
US3938341A (en) * 1971-08-05 1976-02-17 Theodorus Prins Storage device for liquids
US3782124A (en) * 1971-10-15 1974-01-01 Petroles Bp Sa Soc Fr Des Liquid storage tank
US3874175A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-04-01 Environetics Inc Apparatus for containing waste materials
US3943721A (en) * 1973-07-20 1976-03-16 Campagnie Francaise Des Petroles, Societe Anonyme Reservoir for storing hydrocarbon liquids and process for fabricating the same
US3991900A (en) * 1975-10-01 1976-11-16 Burke Industries, Inc. Reservoir cover and canalizing means
US4224770A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-09-30 Wayside Manufacturing Co., Inc. Outdoor grain pit cover
US4446983A (en) * 1982-01-07 1984-05-08 Burke Industries, Inc. Reservoir cover having a defined peripheral sump
US4957214A (en) * 1982-09-13 1990-09-18 California Texas Oil Corporation Modification to floating roof tank design
AU572473B2 (en) * 1982-09-13 1988-05-12 California Texas Oil Corporation A method of operating a floating roof tank and the tank itself
US4790447A (en) * 1982-09-13 1988-12-13 Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty. Limited Modification to floating roof tank design
US4618284A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-10-21 Marks Alvin M Device and method for the reclamation of polluted land areas
US4603790A (en) * 1985-03-11 1986-08-05 Burke Industries, Inc. Tensioned reservoir cover, rainwater run-off enhancement system
US4906134A (en) * 1985-07-29 1990-03-06 Hoyeck Ralph H Self supporting flexible wall dams
US4899400A (en) * 1987-10-07 1990-02-13 Serrot Corporation Rain-collection pad
US5074427A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-12-24 Siemerink Bernardinus F A Apparatus for covering a basin for liquids
US5265976A (en) * 1991-09-02 1993-11-30 Melbourne Water Corporation Cover for ponds
AU649350B2 (en) * 1991-09-02 1994-05-19 Melbourne Water Corporation Cover for ponds
US5108225A (en) * 1991-10-02 1992-04-28 Neal Charles W Elevated wall reservoir system
US6673241B1 (en) 2000-05-03 2004-01-06 Monsanto Company Self-floating cover system for a body of water
US20060076351A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-04-13 Hmt, Inc. Full contact floating roof
US7240804B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2007-07-10 King Richard P Full contact floating roof
US11548725B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-01-10 Industrial & Environmental Concepts, Inc. Cover systems, tank covering methods, and pipe retention systems
US9434534B2 (en) 2014-04-08 2016-09-06 Michael Whitener Retention tank storage cover
US20200199014A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2020-06-25 Aeroaggregates, Llc Lightweight-foamed glass aggregates for vaporization suppression
US10900188B2 (en) * 2017-05-12 2021-01-26 Aero Aggregates Of North America, Llc Lightweight-foamed glass aggregates for vaporization suppression
US11459170B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2022-10-04 Aero Aggregates Of North America, Llc Lightweight-foamed glass aggregates for vaporization suppression
US12110173B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2024-10-08 Aero Aggregates Of North America, Llc Lightweight-foamed glass aggregates for vaporization suppression

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1162200A (en) 1969-08-20
OA03054A (fr) 1970-12-15

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