US3594214A - Method of applying a zinc coating to a sheet-steel base - Google Patents

Method of applying a zinc coating to a sheet-steel base Download PDF

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Publication number
US3594214A
US3594214A US822805A US3594214DA US3594214A US 3594214 A US3594214 A US 3594214A US 822805 A US822805 A US 822805A US 3594214D A US3594214D A US 3594214DA US 3594214 A US3594214 A US 3594214A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
zinc
strip
coating
iron
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US822805A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence E Helwig
Michael V Murray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Steel Corp
Original Assignee
United States Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3594214A publication Critical patent/US3594214A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for coating low-carbon sheet steel with a protective metal such as zinc and, in particular, to a process of coating by vapor deposition in a vacuum.
  • Drummond Patent 2,970,068 discloses a refinement of such process, utilizing an intermediate bonding metal layer between the base metal or substrate and the surface layer of protective metal.
  • the protective layer is zinc, it must be deposited while the strip is at a temperature of 350 F. or higher to avoid failure by cracking when the composite material is subjected to the 180 bend test. At such temperature, the deposited zinc tends to re-evaporate and the strip cannot be efliciently cooled in a high vacuum to prevent this.
  • the strip next passes through chamber 14 containing iron-vaporizing crucibles 15, over guide rolls 15a disposed to eifect coating of both strip sides with a thin coating of iron by vapor condensation on passing over the crucibles successively.
  • the pressure in chamber 14 is maintained at not greater than 10- torr and the strip temperature as it passes over the crucibles should not be less than 350 F. If the iron is applied at a pressure of 10- torr, it will oxidize and be totally ineffective as a bonding layer.
  • the crucibles or their contents may be heated by any convenient means to the temperature necessary to insure adequate evolution of iron vapor.
  • An example of heating means is the electron-beam gun, arranged to heat by bombardment the surface of the metal in the crucible.
  • the strip On leaving chamber 14, the strip passes through chamber 16 wherein it is given a flash coating of zinc by vapor condensation vaporized from crucibles 17 similar to those shown at 15. The temperature of the strip and the pressure of the atmosphere in chamber 16 are maintained substantially the same as those in chamber 14.
  • chamber 18 After the flash coating of zinc has been applied in chamber 16 the balance of desired amount of protective metal is applied in a similar chamber 18 seperated from chamber 16 by intermediate or spacing chambers 19 and 19' and a cooling chamber 20 provided with contact cooling drums 21. It is not necessary that chamber 18 be highly evacuated although some reduction of full atmospheric pressure facilitates vaporization from crucibles 22 therein. Chamber 20 may be at any pressure desired, up to full atmospheric, to facilitate strip cooling.
  • the total thickness of zinc coating applied, including both the flash coating and the final coating should be less than .001" otherwise the coating will not have the necessary adherence. Coatings between 0.0001 and 0.00075 have been found satisfactory.
  • the strip After final coating in chamber 18, the strip is drawn through a final-stage vacuum chamber 23 and recoiled at 24 or otherwise disposed of.
  • Our invention aflords a simple, easily performed method for obtaining highly adherent coatings of a wide range of protective metals on steel strip at low cost.
  • Vacuum-deposited zinc top coats 0.5 mil thick over the vacuum-deposited layers of each of these materials have been found to be adherent in Scotch-tape adhesion tests, whereas zinc deposited directly on a steel substrate easily peels off.
  • reverse bend adhesion tests in which four channels 3 to 4 mm. deep are formed in the test specimen, two channels with the coating on the concave surface 3 and two with the coating on the convex surface, with both concave and convex channels intersecting and crossing each other) no loss or cracking of a 0.5 mil Zinc coating was observed.
  • a method of coating sheet steel with zinc which comprises heating the steel to at least 350 F., passing it through a vacuum chamber at a pressure not greater than 10- torr containing vaporized iron to form an iron layer then cooling the strip below 350 F. and vapor containing zinc vapor to form a zinc layer over the iron layer then cooling the strip below 350 F. and vapor depositing thereto a further zinc coating aggregating with said zinc layer less than 0.001" in thickness.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US822805A 1969-04-04 1969-04-04 Method of applying a zinc coating to a sheet-steel base Expired - Lifetime US3594214A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82280569A 1969-04-04 1969-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3594214A true US3594214A (en) 1971-07-20

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ID=25237031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US822805A Expired - Lifetime US3594214A (en) 1969-04-04 1969-04-04 Method of applying a zinc coating to a sheet-steel base

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3594214A (fr)
AU (1) AU1317770A (fr)
BE (1) BE748503R (fr)
DE (1) DE2016042A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2042988A6 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775193A (en) * 1970-10-13 1973-11-27 British Steel Corp Method for passivating a zinc surface
US3849175A (en) * 1971-01-26 1974-11-19 Miele & Cie Method for coating steel parts with enamel
US3911177A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-10-07 Cockerill Process for preparing steel for enameling
US3934059A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-01-20 Rca Corporation Method of vapor deposition
US4612063A (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-09-16 Acme Fence And Iron Company, Inc. Method of making a fence stretcher bar
US5013410A (en) * 1987-12-10 1991-05-07 Nkk Corporation Method of manufacturing an aluminum-plated steel sheet for cans
US5073403A (en) * 1987-12-10 1991-12-17 Nkk Corporation Aluminum-plated steel sheet for cans

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2465793A1 (fr) * 1979-09-26 1981-03-27 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg Procede pour le depot de couches d'alliage sur des substrats metalliques a une temperature elevee

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775193A (en) * 1970-10-13 1973-11-27 British Steel Corp Method for passivating a zinc surface
US3849175A (en) * 1971-01-26 1974-11-19 Miele & Cie Method for coating steel parts with enamel
US3911177A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-10-07 Cockerill Process for preparing steel for enameling
US3934059A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-01-20 Rca Corporation Method of vapor deposition
US4612063A (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-09-16 Acme Fence And Iron Company, Inc. Method of making a fence stretcher bar
US5013410A (en) * 1987-12-10 1991-05-07 Nkk Corporation Method of manufacturing an aluminum-plated steel sheet for cans
US5073403A (en) * 1987-12-10 1991-12-17 Nkk Corporation Aluminum-plated steel sheet for cans

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE748503R (fr) 1970-10-05
DE2016042A1 (de) 1970-12-03
FR2042988A6 (fr) 1971-02-12
AU1317770A (en) 1971-10-07

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