US3598175A - Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets - Google Patents

Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598175A
US3598175A US683870A US3598175DA US3598175A US 3598175 A US3598175 A US 3598175A US 683870 A US683870 A US 683870A US 3598175D A US3598175D A US 3598175DA US 3598175 A US3598175 A US 3598175A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mold
metal
sidewalls
riser
cavity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US683870A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erik A Olsson
Carl-Erik Foogde
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Olsson International Inc
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Olsson International Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/006—Machines or plants for casting ingots for bottom casting

Definitions

  • the present invention discloses a mold wherein molten metal is introduced to a riser communicating with the mold so that the level at which the molten metal flows into the mold is progressively raised as the mold cavity fills, and simultaneously pressure is applied to a movable bottom for the mold to slowly lift and compress the solidifying metal so that the solidifying metal is constantly rising against newly introduced molten metal to thereby eliminate or substantially reduce shrinkage defects.
  • apparatus whereby molten metal is poured into a mold cavity from a riser or the like positioned adjacent the mold and in communication therewith so that metal flows from the riser into the mold from progressively higher locations as the mold fills.
  • the mold is provided with a bottom wall and sidewalls movable relatively to each other to effect a progressive reduction in size of the mold cavity whereby compressive forces are exerted on the metal during pouring and solidification to thereby relieve tensile stresses and reduce the formation of skin defects in the metal.
  • the invention may be used advantageously with a single mold or with a plurality of molds which are filled simultaneously from a common pouring riser communicating with each of the molds.
  • the bottom wall of the mold is moved upwardly relative to the sidewalls at a rate which will exert a pressure on the metal which is equal to or greater than the ferrostatic pressure.
  • the present invention improves casting techniques particularly in the casting of slabs which may be 30 feet or more long, i.e. a mold height of 30 feet or more.
  • To cast such a slab using conventional techniques is extremely difficult owing to the splashing of metal and blowouts or ruptures of the metal skin.
  • As the metal solidifies to form a skin it pulls away from the mold walls and the ferrostatic pressure in the liquid center of the slab causes a rupture of the skin and an escape of the metal into the space between the skin and mold wall forming defects in the slab.
  • the application of a progressive, compres sive force helps to prevent such ruptures.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for the casting of metal.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a plural mold arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view taken along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of a plural mold arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG; 4 is a perspective view of FIG. 3 with parts broken away;
  • FIG-5 is a plan view of a single mold embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIG6 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with parts removed and parts broken away.
  • each mold segment 11 is generally V-shaped as viewed in plan with each leg of the V forming one sidewall of adjacent mold cavities 13. A portion of one leg of the V extends at right angles to the leg to form another sidewall of a mold.
  • 14 will be referred to as the backface of the segment, 15 to the front face, and 16 to the face formed by the portion 11a extending at right angles to the face 15.
  • Coolant pipes or passages 21 are provided in each of the mold segments 11 to cool the mold faces by flowing water or other suitable coolant through the pipes from a suitable source (not shown).
  • each cavity 13 opposite the side 16 is formed by the outer face of the central tubular riser 12.
  • the riser 12 comprises an upright polygonal cylinder made from a frangible refractory material having a solid bottom portion resting on the stool 10, a hollow interior and, an open top through which metal may be poured into the interior.
  • the outer polygonal surface of the riser constitutes the fourth sidewall of each cavity 13.
  • the vertex edge of each V-shaped segment 11 is provided with a notch extending the full height of the segment of receiving therein, in abutting relation, the vertex edge defined by each pair of adjacent planes forming the outer surface of the riser.
  • the mold segments and the riser being dimensioned so as to snugly interfit.
  • the riser 12 is provided with sets of vertically spaced lateral openings 12a therein communicating with the hollow interior of the riser and each of the mold cavities 13.
  • Each opening 12a extends horizontally on a radius from the center of the riser outwardly to each mold cavity, and each opening lies in a horizontal plane with corresponding openings into each of the mold cavities at a given level along the height of the riser.
  • the bottommost openings are spaced above the bottom of the hollow interior of the riser and the topmost openings are spaced from the tops of the mold cavities.
  • At the top of the riser there is a funnel 22 to aid in pouring metal into the riser.
  • each rod 18 has a block 19 at one end thereof disposed in a mold cavity 13.
  • Each block 19 is shaped to conform to the interior of the mold cavities and forms the bottom walls of the molds.
  • the opposite ends of the rods 18 are operatively connected to a suitable driving means such as a source of hydraulic power indicated diagrammatically at 20, whereby the rods 18 and therefore the bottom walls 19 of each mold are vertically movable in the manner of a piston in a cylinder. They will ordinarily be operated in unison but if desired each rod may be separately operated.
  • the bottom walls 19 are initially bottomed on the stool 10 and metal is poured into the riser.
  • metal is poured into the riser.
  • metal flows from the riser into the mold cavities where it quickly cools and solidifies to form an outer crust or shell on the forming slab or billet.
  • Metal also solidifies in the openings 12a at the height corresponding to the height of the forming slab.
  • Metal flows from the riser into the molds through successively higher sets of openings until the molds are all filled to the desired height.
  • the bottom walls 19 are slowly moved upwardly as the slab is forming to relieve the tensile stresses of contraction in the solidifying skin of the slab and preferably to place the forming slab under some compression.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 there is shown another embodiment of a plural mold arrangement indicated generally as 30.
  • this embodiment there are two pairs of mold segments 31 and 32 held together by straps 33.
  • Each of the segments 31 and 32 are shaped so that when joined together as shown they define four mold cavities 34 each with four sidewalls, a central riser 35 and passageways 36 communicating with the riser 35 and mold cavities 34.
  • the whole assembly is mounted on a suitable stool 37.
  • Each passageway 36 comprises a continuous vertical slot coextensive with the mold cavity and the riser.
  • Strips 38 are disposed in each of the passageways 36 at the start of pouring. These strips may be cardboard, aluminum or other suitable materials which will burn away or melt as metal is poured into the riser. The strips help control the flow of metal into the molds to cause the metal to flow from the riser to the molds from progressively higher locations as the molds fill.
  • Each mold is provided with a hydraulically actuated movable bottom wall 39 in essentially the same manner as before described by means of a hydraulic power supply 43 and piston rod 44.
  • each bottom wall is provided with a covering member 40 made of asbestos or other suitable heat-resistant, flexible material to help seal the bottom wall with the mold sidewalls.
  • the straps 33 are continuous rectangular straps around the mold segments secured in place by suitable fastening means such as the bolts 41 which are received in openings in the end segments 32.
  • suitable fastening means such as the bolts 41 which are received in openings in the end segments 32.
  • FIGS. and 6 another embodiment of the in vention is illustrated using a single mold.
  • Two mold segments 50 and 51 are joined together to form a mold cavity and a riser 52 located at one corner of the mold.
  • the riser communicates with the mold cavity through a continuous vertical passageway 53 as in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a flow-control strip 54 is inserted between the passageway and the mold cavity in the same manner as before described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • An asbestos-covered, hydraulically actuated, movable bottom wall 55 is provided also as previously described operated by a hydraulic power supply 56 and rod 57. Straps or other suitable means may be employed to hold the mold segments 50 and 51 together.
  • the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 would normally employ a pouring funnel such as funnel 22.
  • slabs up to 30 or more feet may be cast with few surface defects and almost no pipe" so as to achieve almost I00 percent yield except for the metal which ultimately solidifies in the riser.
  • the diameter of the riser cavity is preferably on the order of 2 and 4 inches depending on the number and size of mold cavities it supplies.
  • a heat-resistant flexible cover may be used on the bottom wall of the embodiment shown in FIG. I as well as with the other described embodiments.
  • Apparatus for the casting of metal slabs and billets comprising,
  • a vertically disposed mold having sidewalls and at least one bottom wall forming at least one coreless mold cavib.
  • vertically disposed pouring riser means adjacent the mold and having opening means therein communicating with each of the mold cavities and formed such that metal flows into the mold cavities from progressively higher locations as the mold cavities fill, and
  • c. means for effecting the relative vertical movement between the entire mold bottom wall and the sidewalls to reduce the size of the cavities during the pouring and solidification of the metal, whereby as molten metal is poured into the riser and flows into the mold cavities through the opening means there is exerted a force on the metal as it progressively solidifies in the mold thereby relieving tensile stresses on the metal as it shrinks during solidification.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including means for cooling the mold sidewalls.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including coolant passageways formed in the mold sidewalls, and means for effecting the flow of coolant through the passageways.
  • Apparatus for the casting of molten steel into slabs and billets comprising:
  • a pouring riser having an open top, sidewalls and a bottom wall and a vertical succession of horizontal openings in the riser sidewalls communicating with each of the mold cavities whereby as metal flows into the riser it flows through successively higher openings into the mold cavities to fill them simultaneously, means for effecting simultaneous vertical upward movement of the entire mold bottom walls relative to the sidewalls of the molds during filling ofthe mold cavities.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 4 including a pouring funncl at the top ofthe riser.
  • Apparatus for the simultaneous casting of a plurality of metal slabs or billets comprising,
  • a series of mold segments each having a front face and a backface, the segments being arranged in circular succession with the front face of each segment confronting the backface of an adjacent segment to form a circular succession of angularly spaced mold cavities, each pair of adjacent segments forming three vertical sidewalls of a fourwalled mold,
  • an upright refractory fountain centrally located with respect to the circular succession of mold segments and forming the fourth sidewall of each mold, the fountain having a bottom, an open top, a hollow interior, and a series of lateral openings therein forming passageways for the flow of metal from the hollow interior into each of the mold cavities, there being a like series of vertically spaced openings communicating with each of the mold cavities,
  • Apparatus for the casting of metal slabs and billets comprising:
  • c. means for effecting relative vertical movement between each entire mold bottom wall and the sidewalls to reduce the size of the cavity during pouring and solidification of the metal, whereby as molten metal is poured into the riser and flows into each mold cavity through the openings there is exerted a force on the metal as it progressively solidifies in each mold thereby relieving tensile stresses on the metal as it shrinks during solidification.
  • said mold segments defining vertical pouring riser means including an elongated passageway extending substantially over the entire vertical height of the mold cavity and communicating with the riser and the mold cavity, whereby metal poured into the riser may flow to the cavity, and
  • cover means disposed in the passageway made of a material which is readily destructible upon contact with molten metal for controlling the flow of metal into the cavity such that the metal flowsfrom the passageway at progressively higher locations as the mold fills.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US683870A 1967-11-17 1967-11-17 Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets Expired - Lifetime US3598175A (en)

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US68387067A 1967-11-17 1967-11-17

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US (1) US3598175A (de)
AT (1) AT290036B (de)
BE (1) BE722383A (de)
DE (1) DE1800815A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1581432A (de)
GB (1) GB1240893A (de)
SE (1) SE350713B (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697037A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-10-10 Electro Refractaire Cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of poured molten refractory material
US3807683A (en) * 1970-05-26 1974-04-30 Electro Refractaire Apparatus for casting workpieces having radially extending wings
US3892271A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-07-01 Boris Izrailevich Medovar Mould for making an article with a branch pipe by the electroslag remelting process
US4052034A (en) * 1975-12-04 1977-10-04 Josephine Marceno Baking device
US4133371A (en) * 1976-08-31 1979-01-09 Rolls-Royce Limited Casting
WO1981001810A1 (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-07-09 Sylvester Enterprises Inc Process and apparatus for casting rounds,slabs and the like
US4468363A (en) * 1983-02-02 1984-08-28 Versar Inc. Internal mold gating method and apparatus
US4614217A (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-09-30 The Garrett Corporation Method of assembling a horizontal shell mold casting system and the resulting system
US4766945A (en) * 1979-12-26 1988-08-30 Sylvester Edmund Q Process and apparatus for casting rounds, slabs, and the like
US4977947A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-12-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Method and a device for homogenizing the intimate structure of metals and alloys cast under pressure
US7140415B1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2006-11-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for direct pour casting
US20080115906A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Peterson Oren V Method and Apparatus for Horizontal Continuous Metal Casting in a Sealed Table Caster
WO2016100081A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Composite laminate tooling and method of forming a composite part using the tooling

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4747739A (en) * 1979-01-15 1988-05-31 Bowman Harold M Ingot mold and method
US4358084A (en) * 1979-01-15 1982-11-09 Bowman Harold M Sectional ingot mold

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE276773C (de) *
US319780A (en) * 1885-06-09 Apparatus for casting metal ingots
US449701A (en) * 1891-04-07 Method of casting
US568511A (en) * 1896-09-29 Mold for casting ingots
US684773A (en) * 1901-04-16 1901-10-22 John W Anderson Ingot-mold.
US714692A (en) * 1902-07-08 1902-12-02 Henri Harmet Press for compressing liquid steel in conical ingot-molds.
US720374A (en) * 1902-05-23 1903-02-10 James F Mcgrath Process of casting crucible-steel ingots.
US746244A (en) * 1903-03-16 1903-12-08 Ralph Baggaley Casting-machine.
US811143A (en) * 1902-10-07 1906-01-30 Henri Harmet Compressing steel in conical molds.
US1648471A (en) * 1923-03-05 1927-11-08 United Eng Foundry Co Casting
US2171229A (en) * 1935-12-18 1939-08-29 American Lurgi Corp Process for manufacturing cast bearings from light metal alloys
US2283749A (en) * 1940-02-06 1942-05-19 H L F Company Fine texture casting
US2332956A (en) * 1942-06-25 1943-10-26 Abram A Washton Apparatus for casting lead ballast
US3161928A (en) * 1962-01-16 1964-12-22 Exomet Welding apparatus and process
US3163898A (en) * 1960-05-06 1965-01-05 Quigley Co Sealing ring and mat for ingot mold

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE276773C (de) *
US319780A (en) * 1885-06-09 Apparatus for casting metal ingots
US449701A (en) * 1891-04-07 Method of casting
US568511A (en) * 1896-09-29 Mold for casting ingots
US684773A (en) * 1901-04-16 1901-10-22 John W Anderson Ingot-mold.
US720374A (en) * 1902-05-23 1903-02-10 James F Mcgrath Process of casting crucible-steel ingots.
US714692A (en) * 1902-07-08 1902-12-02 Henri Harmet Press for compressing liquid steel in conical ingot-molds.
US811143A (en) * 1902-10-07 1906-01-30 Henri Harmet Compressing steel in conical molds.
US746244A (en) * 1903-03-16 1903-12-08 Ralph Baggaley Casting-machine.
US1648471A (en) * 1923-03-05 1927-11-08 United Eng Foundry Co Casting
US2171229A (en) * 1935-12-18 1939-08-29 American Lurgi Corp Process for manufacturing cast bearings from light metal alloys
US2283749A (en) * 1940-02-06 1942-05-19 H L F Company Fine texture casting
US2332956A (en) * 1942-06-25 1943-10-26 Abram A Washton Apparatus for casting lead ballast
US3163898A (en) * 1960-05-06 1965-01-05 Quigley Co Sealing ring and mat for ingot mold
US3161928A (en) * 1962-01-16 1964-12-22 Exomet Welding apparatus and process

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807683A (en) * 1970-05-26 1974-04-30 Electro Refractaire Apparatus for casting workpieces having radially extending wings
US3697037A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-10-10 Electro Refractaire Cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of poured molten refractory material
US3892271A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-07-01 Boris Izrailevich Medovar Mould for making an article with a branch pipe by the electroslag remelting process
US4052034A (en) * 1975-12-04 1977-10-04 Josephine Marceno Baking device
US4133371A (en) * 1976-08-31 1979-01-09 Rolls-Royce Limited Casting
US4766945A (en) * 1979-12-26 1988-08-30 Sylvester Edmund Q Process and apparatus for casting rounds, slabs, and the like
WO1981001810A1 (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-07-09 Sylvester Enterprises Inc Process and apparatus for casting rounds,slabs and the like
US4468363A (en) * 1983-02-02 1984-08-28 Versar Inc. Internal mold gating method and apparatus
US4614217A (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-09-30 The Garrett Corporation Method of assembling a horizontal shell mold casting system and the resulting system
US4977947A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-12-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Method and a device for homogenizing the intimate structure of metals and alloys cast under pressure
US7140415B1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2006-11-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for direct pour casting
US20080115906A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Peterson Oren V Method and Apparatus for Horizontal Continuous Metal Casting in a Sealed Table Caster
US7451804B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-11-18 Peterson Oren V Method and apparatus for horizontal continuous metal casting in a sealed table caster
WO2016100081A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Composite laminate tooling and method of forming a composite part using the tooling
US10434687B2 (en) 2014-12-17 2019-10-08 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Composite laminate tooling and method of forming a composite part using the tooling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE722383A (de) 1969-04-01
AT290036B (de) 1971-05-10
DE1800815A1 (de) 1969-07-10
GB1240893A (en) 1971-07-28
FR1581432A (de) 1969-09-12
SE350713B (de) 1972-11-06

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