Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D219/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
  • C07D219/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems with only hydrogen, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D219/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
  • C07D219/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
  • C07D219/06—Oxygen atoms
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
  • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
  • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
  • G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
  • G03G5/0624—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring
  • G03G5/0635—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered
  • G03G5/0637—Heterocyclic compounds containing one hetero ring being six-membered containing one hetero atom

Definitions

• This invention relates to electrophotography, and in particular to novel sensitized photoconductive compositions and elements having coated thereon such compositions.
• the process of xerography employs an electrophotographic element comprising a support material bearing a coating of a normally insulating material whose electrical resistance varies with the amount of incident actinic radiation it receives during an imagewise exposure.
• the element commonly termed a photoconductive element, is first given a uniform surface charge, generally in the dark after a suitable period of dark adaptation. it is then exposed to a pattern of actinic radiation which has the effect of differentially reducing the potential of the surface charge in accordance with the relative energy contained in various parts of the radiation pattern.
• the differential surface charge or electrostatic latent image remaining on the eiectrophotograplric element is then made visible by contacting the surface with a suitable electroscopic marking material.
• marking material or toner whether contained in an insulating liquid or on a dry carrier, can be deposited on the exposed surface in accordance with either the charge pattern or the absence of charge pattern as desired.
• the deposited marking material may then be either permanently fixed to the surface of the sensitive element by known means such as heat, pressure, solvent vapor, or the like, or transferred to a second element to which it may similarly be fixed.
• the electrostatic latent image can be transferred to a second element and developed there.
• Various photoconductive insulating materials have been employed in the manufacture of electrophotographic elements. For example, vapors of selenium and vapors of selenium alloys deposited on a suitable support and particles of photoconductive zinc oxide held in a resinous, film-forming binder have found wide application in present-day document copying applications.
• organic photoconductors comprising the materials described are inherently light sensitive, their degree of sensitivity is usually low and in the short wavelength portion of the spectrum so that it is common practice to add materials to increase the speed and to shift the sensitivity toward the longer wavelength portion of the visible spectrum.
• increasing the speed and shifting the sensitivity of such systems into the visible region of the spectrum has several advantages: it maites available inexpensive and convenient light sources such as incandescent lamps; it reduces exposure time; it makes possible the recording of a wide range of colors in proper tonal relationship, and allows projection printing through various optical systems.
• photoconductive compositions containing a photoconductor and a sensitizer which is a nuclear-substituted acridine having substituents in the 9 and 10 positions.
• Typical of such nuclear substituents include substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups.
• the photoconductor can be either an organic or an inorganic photoconductor.
• acridine compounds have exhibited some degree of sensitization when used as sensitizers in photoconductive compositions. Typical of these are acriflavine, acridine orange, benzoflavine, rheoniine and flavophosphine as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,316,087 and French Pat. No. 1,288,392. These compounds, none of which is substituted in both the 9 and 10 positions, have routinely been used as sensitizers.
• the relative speed at 100 volts is a measure of the ability to produce and hence to develop or otherwise utilize the electrostatic latent image.
• the sensitizer is absent from the coating and only a photoconductor is used, the surface potential usually does not drop to or below 1100 volts and therefore no speed can be assigned to such a composition.
• a sensitizer is part of the coating in many compositions containing conventional polymeric binders and photoconductors, the surface potentials of such resultant compositions usually drop below 100 volts, and thus, a definite speed can be ascertained. However, these speeds are improved when the sensitizers of this invention are employed.
• the 9, lO-disubstituted acridine compounds can be made to absorb radiation over various ranges of the spectrum by varying the substituents and thereby provide sensitivity of the electrophotographic system or other light-sensitive system to various wavelengths of radiation as might be required by different practice applications. These compounds have the advantage of providing a high level of efficiency in contrast to some other sensitizers. They are also markedly stable so that undesirable bleaching or other changes in the absorption of radiation by the light-sensitive system are not encountered.
• h R h and it can be any of the folllowing substituents: a. hydrogen b. an alkyl group preferably having one to eight carbon XVII. 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-lO-methylacridinium atoms including a substituted alkyl group such as aralkyl, perchlorate aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, haloalkyl, alkox- XVIII. 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-lO-methylacridinium yalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, nitroalkyl, etc.; fluoroborate c.
• halogen such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine
• fluoroborate e. an aryl group such as phenyl or naphthyl, including a sub- XXIV. 2-Chloro-9, l O-diphenylacridol stituted
• l0-Methyl-9-methylacridinium iodide g. an alkoxy group preferably having one to eight carbon XXXI. lO-methyLQ-ethylacridinium iodide atoms including a substituted alkoxy group such as XXXII. l0-Methyl-9phenylacridinium chloride aminoalkoxy, haloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, nitroalkoxy, XXXIII. lO-Methyl-9-phenylacridinium ferrichloride hydroxyalkoxy, etc.; XXXIV. l0-Methyl-9-phenylacridinium iodide h.
• l0-Methyl-9-p-chlorophenylacridinium iodide I. an acyl group including a substituted acyl group such as XLI.
• IO-Methyl-g-p-bromophenylacridinium iodide XLII.
• R can be an alkyl group having one to eight carbon nitrate atoms, hydrogen, amino, halogen, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc.;
• l0-Methyl-9-(p-hexyloxyphenyl)acridol R and R can be either (a) an alkyl group preferably having XLVI.
• 2-Styryl-9,lO-diphenylacridol X is a substituent which is dissociated to some extent as an LII.
• 3-Ethoxy-9,lO-diphenylacridol anion such as halogen, sulfate, perchlorate, fluoroborate, LlIl.
• Electrophotographic elements of the invention can be ditrifluoroacetate prepared with any photoconductive compound and the sen- IV. 9,lO-Diphenyl-9-acridanol sitizcrs of this invention in the usual manner, i.e., by blending V. 9,10-Diphenylacridinium perchlorate a dispersion or solution of the photoconductive compound VI. 9,l0-Diphenylacridinium ditrifluoroacetate together with a binder, when necessary or desirable, and coat- VII. 9,l0-Diphenylacridinium fluoroborate ing or forming a self-supporting layer with the photoconduc.
• Vlll. 9,l0-Diphenylacridinium hexafluorophosphate tive composition Generally, a suitable amount of the sensitiz- IX. 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-l0-phenylacridinlum ing compound is mixed with the photoconductive coating chloride composition so that, after thorough mixing, the sensitizing X. 9-Phenyl-lO-methylacridinium perchlorate compound is uniformly distributed throughout the desired XI. 9-PhenyllO-methylacridinium fluoroborate layer of the coated element. The amount of sensitizer that can XII.
• 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-IO-methylacridinium be added to a photoconductor-incorporating layer to give efiodide fective increases in speed can vary widely.
• Q-Phenyl-lO-benzylacridinium fluoroborate centration in any given case will vary with the specific XIV.
• XV. 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-lO-methylacridinium substantial speed gains can be obtained where an appropriate diperchlorate sensitizer is added in a concentration range from about 0.000!
• XVI. 9-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-lO-methylacridinium to about 30 percent by weight of the film-forming coating difluoroborate composition.
• a sensitizer is added to the coating composition in an amount from about 0.005 to about 5.0 percent by weight of the total coating composition.
• the sensitiaers of this invention improve the electrical speeds of compositions containing a wide variety of photoconductors including inorganic photoconductors such as zinc oxide, titanium cadmium sulfide and the like and organic photoconductors including organometallic photoconductors Typical additional photoconductors useful with the binders of this invention are described below.
• Arylamine photoconductors including substituted and unsubstituted arylamines, diarylarnines, nonpolymeric triarylamines and polymeric triarylamines such as those described in US. Pat. Nos. 3,240,597 and 3,180,730.
• Z represents a mononuclear or polynuclear divalent aromatic radical, either fused or linear (e.g., phen
• a mononuclear or polynuclear monovalent or polynuclear monovlaent aromatic radical either fused or linear (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, etc); or a substituted monovalent aromatic radical wherein said substituent can comprise a member, such as an acyl group having from one to about six carbon atoms (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, etc.), an alkyl group having from one to about six carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. ⁇ , an alkoxy group having from one to about six carbon atoms (e.g., methoiry, propoxy, pentoxy, etc), or a nitro group;
• O can represent a hydrogen atom or an aromatic amino group, such as Z'Nll;
• b represents an integer from I to about 12, and L represents a hydrogen atom, a mononuclear or poly
• lPolyarylalltane photoconductors including leuco bases of diaryl or triarylmethane dye salts, l,l,l-triarylalltanes wherein the alltane moiety has at least two carbon atoms and tetraarylmethanes having an amino group substituted in at least one of the aryl nuclei attached to the alkane and methane moieties of the latter two classes of photoconductors which are nonleuco base materials; and also other polyarylalltanes included by the formula:
• n-(Ln l wherein each of D, E and G is an aryl group and J is a hydrogen atom, an alltyl group, or an aryl group, at least one of D, E and G containing an amino substituent, the aryl groups attached to the central carbon atom being preferably phenyl groups, although naphthyl groups can also be used including substituted aryl groups containing substituents such as alltyl and alltory typically having one to eight carbon atoms, hydroxy, halogen, etc.
• each R can be an alkyl group typically having one to eight carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, an aryl group, or together the necessary atoms to form a heterocyclic amino group typically having 5 to 6 atoms in the ring such as morpholino, pyridyl, pyrryl, etc.; at least one of D, E and G preferably being a p-diallcylaminophenyl group, when J is an alkyl group, such an alkyl group more generally has one to seven carbon atoms, these materials being more fully described in US. Pat. No. 3,274,000, lFrench Pat. No. 1,383,461 and in US. Pat. Ser. No. 627,857 filed Apr. 3, 1967 by Sons and Goldman now US. Pat
• R and R are each aryl radicals, aliphatic residues of one to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl radicals preferably having one to four carbon atoms, or hydrogen; particularly advantageous results being obtained when R, is a phenyl radical including a substituted phenyl radical and where R, is diphenylaminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl or phenyl, these materials being more fully described in Fox application U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 613,946 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,526,501.
• Non-ionic cycloheptenylcompounds which may be substituted with substituents such as (a) an aryl radical including substituted as well as unsubstituted aryl radicals, (b) a hydroxy radical, (c) an heterocyclic radical, (d) a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 6 atoms in the heterocyclic nucleus and at least one hetero nitrogen atom, and including substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic radicals, and (e) an oxygen linked cycloheptenyl moiety.
• the substitution on the cycloheptenyl nucleus occurs at an unsaturated carbon atom when the cycloheptenyl moiety is a conjugated triene with no aromatic structure fused thereto. However, if there is at least one aromatic structure fused to the cycloheptenyl moiety, then the sub stituents are attached to a saturated carbon atom. Additional photoconductors within this class are included in one of the following formula
• heterocyclic radical having 5 to 6 atoms in the heterocyclic nucleus and at least 1 hetero nitrogen atom
• D can be any of the substituents defined for E and G above and is attached to a carbon atom in the cycloheptenyl nucleus having a double bond; (it,, and R (R and R (R, and R,,)., and (R and R are together the necessary atoms to complete a benzene ring fused to the cycloheptenyl nucleus; these compounds being more fully described in U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 654,091
• a phenyl radical including a substituted phenyl radical such as a naphthyl, an aminophenyl or a hydroxyphenyl radical,
• an amino radical including substituted as well as unsubstituted amino radicals such as an alkylamino or a phenylalkylamino radical,
• a heterocyclic radical such as a pyrazolyl, a carbazolyl or a pyridyl radical; or (2 tetra-substituted hydrazines containing substituents which are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radicals, or heterocyclic radicals having 5 to 6 atoms in the hetero nucleus, suitable results being obtained when all four substituents are not unsubstituted phenyl radicals, i.e., if at least one substituent is a substituted phenyl radical or a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 6 atoms in the hetero nucleus.
• Other tetra-substituted hydrazines include those having the following formula:
• D, E,, G, and J are each either a. a substituted phenyl radical such as a naphthyl radical, an
• alkylphenyl radical a halophenyl radical, a hydroxyphenyl radical, a haloalkylphenyl radical or a hydroxyalkylphenyl radical or b.
• a heterocyclic radical such as an imidazolyl radical, a
• furyl radical or a pyrazolyl radical can also be c. an unsubstituted phenyl radical.
• tetra-substituted hydrazines wherein both D and G, are either substituted phenyl radicals or heterocyclic radicals.
• Organic compounds having a 3,3-bis-aryl-2-pyrazoline nucleus which is substituted in either five-member ring with the same or different substituents can be substituted by an aryl moiety including unsubstituted as well as substituted aryl substituents such as alkoxyaryl, alkaryl, alkaminoaryl, carboxyaryl, hydroxyaryl and haloaryl.
• the 4-position can contain hydrogen or unsubstituted as well as substituted alkyl and aryl radicals such as alkoxyaryl, alkaryl, alkaminoaryl, haloaryl, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyaryl, hydroxyalkyl and haloalkyl.
• aryl radicals such as alkoxyaryl, alkaryl, alkaminoaryl, haloaryl, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyaryl, hydroxyalkyl and haloalkyl.
• Other hotoconductors in this class are represented by the following structure:
• D D' J and J' can be either a phenyl radical including a substitute phenyl radical such as a tolyl radical or a naphthyl radical including a substituted naphthyl radical,
• E E';, 6 0' L and L can be any ofthe substituents set forth above and in addition can be either a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radial containing one-eight carbon atoms.
• H Triarylamines in which at least one of the aryl radicals is substituted by either a vinyl radical or a vinylene radical having at least one active hydrogen-containing group.
• Groups which contain active hydrogen are well known in the art, the definition of this term being set forth in several textbooks such as Advanced Organic Chemistry," R.C. Fuson, PP. 154-157, John Wiley & Sons, .950.
• active hydrogen-containing group includes those compounds encompassed by the discussion in the textbook cited above and in addition includes those compounds which contain groups which are hydrolyzable to active hydrogen-containing groups.
• Typical active hydrogen-containing groups substituted on the vinylene radical of the triarylamine include:
• ester radicals cg, 0R wherein R is alkyl or aryl
• inll eluding cyclic ester radicals e.g.v -C-O R14 wherein R14 (11) acyl halide radicals e.g.,
• R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
• Other active hydrogen-containing groups include substituted and unsubstituted alkylidyne oximido radicals.
• Photoconductors included in this class can be represented by the following structure:
• Ar, and Ar are each a phenyl radical including a substituted phenyl radical such as a halophenyl radical, an alkyl phenyl radical or an aminophenyl radical;
• Ar is an arylene radical including a substituted arylene radical such as a phenylene radical or a naphthylene radical,
• R and R are each hydrogen, a phenyl radical including a substituted phenyl radical or a lower alkyl radical preferably having one to eight carbon atoms;
• X is either l an active hydrogen-containing group such as a carboxy radical, an acyl halide radical, an amide radical, a carboxylic acid anhydride radical, an ester radical, a cyano radical, a hydroxy radical, a semicarbazono radical, an ethynyl radical, or a methylidyne oximido radical, or (2 hydrogen, provided that when X is hydrogen R and R are also hydrogen; and
• n is an integer of one to three.
• the arylene nucleus can be substituted in any position by the vinyl or vinylene moiety. However, when Ar is phenylene, particularly good results are obtained if the substitution occurs in the para position. These materials are more fully described in U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 706,800 filed Feb. 20, 1968.
• Triarylamlnes in which at least one of the aryl radicals is substituted by an active hydrogen-containing group.
• active hydrogen-containing group has the same meaning as set forth above and again includes those compounds en- 10 compassed by the discussion in the textbook and additionally includes those compounds which contain groups which are hydrolyzable to active hydrogen-containing groups.
• Typical active hydrogen-containing groups which are substituted on an aryl radical of the triarylamine include:
• R is an alkyl or an aryl group
• lower alkylene hydroxy radicals e.g., having one to eight carbon atoms
• carboxylic acid anhydride radicals e.g., having two to eight carbon atoms
• lower alkylene carboxy radicals e.g., having two to eight carbon atoms
• acyl halide radicals e,g., CO1 etc.
• arylene carboxy radicals including substituted arylene carboxy radicals (e.g.,
• Photoconductors included in this class can be represented by the following structure:
• Ar, and Ar are each a phenyl radical including a substituted phenyl radical such as a halophenyl radical, an alkyl phenyl radical or an amino phenyl radical;
• AR is an arylene radical including a substituted arylene radical such as a phenylene radical or a naphthylene radical;
• X is an active hydrogen-containing group such as a carboxy radical, an acyl halide radical, an amido radical, a carboxylic acid anhydride radical, an ester radical, a cyano radical, a semicarbazono radical. a hydroxy radical, an ethynyl radical, a methylidyne oximido radical or a phenylene carboxy radical.
• the amino radical can be positioned anywhere on the aromatic nucleus, but best results are obtained if the aryl moiety is a phenyl radical having the amino group in the 4 or para position.
• Typical substituents attached to the, metal nucleus include the following:
• an aryl radical including unsubstituted as well as substituted aryl radicals such-as aminoaryl, alkylaryl and haloaryl,
• an oxygen-containing radical such as an alkoxy or aryloxy radical
• an amino radical including unsubstituted and substituted amino radicals such as monoand diarylamino and monoand dialkylamino radicals.
• Photoconductors included in this class can be represented by the following structures:
• E G L and 0 can be a. a hydrogen atom
• an aryl radical including unsubstituted as well as substituted aryl radicals such as a phenyl radical, naphthyl radical, dialkylaminophenyl radical, or a diarylaminophenyl radical,
• R and R can be hydrogen atoms or alkyl radicals having one to eight carbon atoms, or
• T is an amino radical such as 3,3'bis( l,5-diphenyl-4-chloromethyl-Z-pyrazoline) l,5-diphenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3-[ 3 l '-p-tolyl-4'-diethyl-5',5' -methylphenyl)-2 '-pyrazolyll-2-pyrazoline 4(p-diphenylaminophenyl)-3-buten-1-yne p-diphenylaminostyrene ethyl p-diphenylaminocinnamate methyl p-diphenylaminocinnamate p-diphenylaminocinnamoyl chloride p-diphenylaminocinnamic acid N,N-diphenylamide p-
• Preferred binders for use in preparing the present photoconductive layers comprise polymers having fairly high dielectric strength which are good electrically insulating filmforming vehicles.
• Materials of this type comprise styrene-butadiene copolymers; silicon resins; styrene-alkyd resins; silicon-alkyd resins; soya-alkyd resins; poly(vinyl chloride); poly(vinylidene chloride); vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers; poly(vinyl acetate); vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers; poly(vinyl acetals), such as poly(vinyl butyral); polyacrylic and methacrylic esters, such as poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(n-butylmethacrylate), poly(isobutyl methacrylate), etc., polystyrene; nitrated polystyrene; polymethylisobutylene polymers; polyesters, such as
• styrene-alkyd resins can be prepared according to the method described in US. Pat. No. 2,361,019 and 2,258,423.
• Suitable resins of the type contemplated for use in the photoconductive layers of the invention are sold under such trade names as Vitel PE101, Cymac, Piccopale 100, Saran F200 and Lexan 105.
• Other types of binders which can be used in the photoconductive layers of the invention include such materials as paraffin, mineral waxes, etc.
• Solvents of choice for preparing coating compositions of the present invention can include a number of solvents such as benzene, toluene, acetone, -butanone, chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., methylene chloride, ethylene: chloride, etc., ethers, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures of these solvents, etc.
• solvents such as benzene, toluene, acetone, -butanone, chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., methylene chloride, ethylene: chloride, etc., ethers, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures of these solvents, etc.
• the photoconductor substance is present in an amount equal to at least about 1 weight percent of the coating composition.
• the upper limit in the mount of photoconductor substance present can be widely varied in accordance with usual practice. ln those cases where a binder is employed, it is normally required that the photoconductor substance be present in an amount from about 1 weight percent of the coating compositionto about 99 weight percent of the coating composition.
• a preferred weight range for the photoconductor substance in the coating composition is from about 10 1 weight percent of about 60 weight percent.
• Coating thicknesses of the photocondluctive composition on a support can vary widely. Normally, coating in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.01 inch before drying is useful for the practice of this invention. The preferred range of coating thickness as found to be in the range from about 0.002 inch to about 0.006 inch before drying although useful results can be obtained outside of this range.
• Suitable supporting materials for coating the photoconductive layers of the present invention can include any of a wide variety of electrically conducting supports, for example, paper (at a relative humidity about 20 percent); aluminum-paper laminates; metal foils such as aluminum foil, zinc foil, etc.; metal plates, such as aluminum, copper, zinc, brass, and galvanized plates; vapor deposited metal layers such as silver, nickel or aluminum on conventional film supports such as cellulose acetate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene and the like conducting supports.
• An especially useful conducting support can be prepared by coating a support material such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) with a layer containing a semiconductor dispersed in a resin. Such conducting layers both with and without insulating barrier layers are described in US. Pat.
• suitable conducting coatmg can be prepared from the sodium salt of a carboxyester lactone of a maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer.
• Such kinds of conducting layers and methods for their optimum preparation and use are disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3,007,901, 3,245,833 and 3,267,807.
• the elements of the present invention can be employed in any of the well-known electrophotographic processes which require photoconductive layers.
• One such process if the aforementioned xerographic process.
• the electrophotographic element is given a blanket electrostatic charge by placing the same under a corona discharge which serves to give uniform charge to the surface of the photoconductive layer. This charge is retained by the layer owing to the substantial insulating property of the layer, i.e., the low conductivity of the layer in the ark.
• the electrostatic charge formed on the surface of the photoconducting layer is then selectively dissipated from the surface of the layer by exposure to light through an image-bearing transparency by a conventional exposure operation such as, for example, by contact-printing technique, or by lens projection of an image, etc., to form latent image in the photoconducting layer.
• a charge pattern is created by virtue of the fact that light causes the charge to be conducted away in proportion to the intensity of the illumination in particular area.
• the charge pattern remaining after exposure is then developed, i.e., rendered visible, by treatment with a medium comprising electrostatically attractable particles having optical density.
• the developing electrostatically attractable particles can be in the form of a dust, e.g., powder, a pigment in a resinous carrier, i.e., toner, or a liquid developer may be used in which the developing particles are carried in an electrically insulating liquid carrier.
• a dust e.g., powder
• a pigment in a resinous carrier i.e., toner
• a liquid developer may be used in which the developing particles are carried in an electrically insulating liquid carrier.
• the heating also causes the sensitizing dye to bleach thus rendering the background areas colorless.
• the heating is generally carried out in temperature range of from about 25 C. to about 150 C.
• the preferred range is from about 100 C. to about 135 C.
• the present invention is not limited to any particular mode of use of the new electrophotographic materials, and the exposure technique, the charging method, the transfer (if any), the developing method, and the fixing method as well as the material used in these methods can be selected and adapted to the requirements of any particular technique.
• Electrophotographic materials according to the present invention can be applied to reproduction techniques wherein different kinds of radiation i.e., electromagnetic radiations as well as nuclear radiations can be used. For this reason, it is pointed out herein that although materials according to the invention are mainly intended for use in connection with methods comprising an exposure, the term "electrophotography wherever appearing in the description and the claims, is to be interpreted broadly and understood to comprise both xerography and xeroradiography.
• Photoconductive compositions containing the sensitizers of the type described herein are separately incorporated into a coating dope having the following composition.
• Methylene choride 9.6 g. lhese compositions are then separately coated at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch on a conducting layer comprising the sodium salt of a carboxyester lactone, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,260,706 which in turn is coated on a poly(ethylene terphthalate) film base maintained at 100 F. to provide the coatings described in Table C below.
• a darkened room the surface ofeach ofthe photoconductive layers so prepared is either positively or negatively charged to a potential of about 600 volts under a corona charger.
• the charged layer is exposed through a stepped density gray scale to the radiation from an incandescent lamp with an illumination intensity of about meter-candles for 12 seconds.
• the exposure causes reduction of the surface potential of the element under each step of the gray scale from its initial potential, V to some lower potential, V, whose exact value depends upon the actual amount of exposure received by the area.
• the element is exposed through each step of the scale and the resultant surface potential measured. The results of these measurements are plotted on a graph of surface potential V versus log of the exposure for each step.
• the actual speed of each element is expressed in terms of the reciprocal of the exposure required to reduce the surface potential to any fixed arbitrarily assigned value The results of these measurements are set forth in the following Table C.
• the speed is the quotient of 10 divided by the exposure in meter-candleseconds required to reduce the potential by volts
• the polymeric binder used in the coating compositions is polyester of terephthalic acid and a mixture of ethylene glycol (1 part by weight) and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane (9 parts by weight).
• the photoconductors referred to in Table C are as follows: 4
• Example 18 Coating compositions containing the sensitizing compounds of this invention are prepared and coated in the manner described in examples 1-15. ln a darkened room, the surface of each of the photoconductive layers so prepared is charged to a potential ofabout +600 volts under a corona charger.
• the resulting electrostatic latent image is developed in the usual manner by cascading over the surface of the layer mixture of negatively charged black thermoplastic toner particles on glass beads. A good visible image is produced in each instance.
• sensitizing compounds used in this invention can be prepared by methods similar to those described in the following references:
• Example 24 Synthesis of9,lO-diphenylacridmium perchlorate (Sensitizer V) To a solution of 9, l 0-diphenyl-9-ac.ridanol (0.5 g.) in 10 ml. dichloromethane is added 1 g. of concentrated perchloric acid. The mixture is stirred and the 2.4 g. of yellow solid which separates is isolated and washed with water. The yellow solid is purified by dissolving in a minimum quantity of acetonitrile and adding ethyl ether. The purification step is repeated and a yellow solid obtained.
• Example 25 Synthesis of), l O-diphenylacridinium ditrifluoroacetate (sensitizer V1) The procedure used is the same as for the perchlorate except that 0.6 g. oftrifluoroacetic acid is added. Crystallization of the crude product from acetronitrile gives yellow crystals which analysis indicates to be a ditrifluoroacetate salt. m.p. l68-l70 Calculated for c,,.H..,NF.,o, Found Example 26 Synthesis of9, l O-Diphenylacridinium fluoroborate (Sensitizer V1! The procedure of example 24 is used except that fluoroboric acid is employed instead of perchloric. The m.p. is 300;
• Example 27 Synthesis of9, l O-Diiphenylacridinium hexafluorophosphate (Sensitizer Vlll) A solution consisting of two grams of9,10-diphenylacridinium perchlorate in 10ml. dimethylformamide is added by drops to a solution of 2.6 g. of potassium hexalluorophosphate in 75ml. water. The resulting yellow precipitate is filtered off, washed with water,
• Example 28 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl )l0- phenyl-acridinium chloride (Sensitizer 1X) The procedure used is that described in example 21 except that hydrochloric acid is used instead of perchloric.
• Example 31 Synthesis of 9-PhenyllO-benzylacridinium perchlorate (Sensitizer Xlll) The procedure used is that described in examples 23 and 24 starting with N-benzylacridone (US. Pat. No. 2,645,594) in stead The procedure used is that described in Examples 23 and 24 starting with N-benzylacridone (US. Patent 2,645,594) instead of N-phenylacridone. The final Calculated for C2fiH20NClO4: C, 70.1; H, 4.5; N, 3.1;
• Example 33 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-l0- methyl-acridinium diperchlorate (Sensitizer XV) The procedure used is that referred to in example 29 except that 4-dimethylaminophenyl magnesium bromide is used. The product has m.p. 265.
• Example 35 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl l 0- methyl-acridinium perchlorate (Sensitizer XVll)
• the yellow diperchlorate salt described in Example 33 is washed thoroughly with water and dried. A bronze powder is obtained.
• Example 36 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-l0- methyl-acridinium fluoroborate (Sensitizer XVlll)
• the yellow difluoroborate salt described in example 34 is washed thoroughly with water and dried. A blue powder is obtained.
• the intermediate 9-(4dimethylaminophenyl)-l0benzyl-9- acridanol is prepared essentially by the procedure described in example 23 by reacting N-benzylacridone with 4- dimethylaminophenyl magnesium bromide.
• the acridanol has a m.p. l46l48 and shows x3122: 275 nmE(' 10- .8).
• Example 38 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)- l0- benzyl-acridinium diperchlorate (Sensitizer XX) The procedure used is that referred to in example 33 except that N-benzylacridone is used instead of N-methylacridone.
• the yellow product has m.p. 245-250Dec.
• Example 40 Synthesis of 9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)- l 0- benzyl acridinium perchlorate (Sensitizer Xll)
• the diperchlorate salt described in example 38 is washed thoroughly with water and dried. A blue product is obtained.
• Example 41 Synthesis of9-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-l0- benzyl acridinium fluoroborate (Sensitizer XXlll)
• the difluoroborate salt described in example 39 is washed thoroughly with water and dried. A blue product is obtained.
• 9,10-substituted acridine wherein the 9 and 10 substituents on the acridine nucleus are each selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group.
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a photoconductive composition comprising an organic photoconductor and a sensitizer having the structure:
• R,, R R and R are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, an amino group, a halogen atom, an aryl group, an alkenyl group. an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a nitro group, a hydroxy group, a cyano group and an acyl group;
• R and R are each selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group
• X represents a substituent which is dissociated to some extent as an anion.
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a layer of a photoconductive composition comprising:
• a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor and c 0.005 percent to about 5 percent by weight based on said photoconductive composition of a sensitizer comprising 9,10-diphenylacridinium perchlorate.
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a layer of photoconductive composition comprising:
• a film fomiing polymeric binder for said photoconductor b. a film fomiing polymeric binder for said photoconductor and c. 0005 percent to about 5 percent by weight based on said photoconductive composition of a sensitizer comprising 9, l O -diphenylacridinium ditrifluoroacetate.
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a layer of a photoconductive composition comprising:
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a layer of a photoconductive composition comprising:
• a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor b. a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor and c. 0005 percent to about 5 percent by weight based on said photoconductive composition of a sensitizer comprising 9, l 0-diphenylacridinium hexafluorophosphate.
• An electrophotographic element comprising a support having coated thereon a layer of a photoconductive composition comprising:
• a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor b. a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor and c. 0.005 percent to about 5 percent by weight based on said photoconductive composition of a sensitizer comprising 9-phenyl-lO-methylacridinium perchlorate.
• a photoconductive composition comprising a photoconductor and a sensitizer which is a 9.l0-substituted acridine. wherein the 9 and l0 substituents on the acridine nucleus are each selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group.
• composition of claim 11 wherein the photoconductor is an organic photoconductor.
• composition ofclaim 11 including a polymeric filmforming binder. 45
• said photoconductive element has a photoconductive layer comprising an organic photoconductor and a 9.l0 substitutcd acridine as a sensitizer, wherein the 9 and 10 substituents on the acridine nucleus are each selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group,

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25257839

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (5)

• 1969
  • 1969-06-05 US US830862A patent/US3615416A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-06-03 FR FR7020283A patent/FR2049832A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-06-04 BE BE751503D patent/BE751503A/fr unknown
  • 1970-06-04 GB GB26974/70A patent/GB1294509A/en not_active Expired

Also Published As

Similar Documents