US3617901A - Method of producing tones of an equally tempered scale - Google Patents

Method of producing tones of an equally tempered scale Download PDF

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US3617901A
US3617901A US749828A US3617901DA US3617901A US 3617901 A US3617901 A US 3617901A US 749828 A US749828 A US 749828A US 3617901D A US3617901D A US 3617901DA US 3617901 A US3617901 A US 3617901A
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output
cutoff circuit
input
divider
series
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Nico Valentinus Franssen
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
    • G10H5/02—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones
    • G10H5/08—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones tones generated by heterodyning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
    • G10H5/02—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones
    • G10H5/06—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones tones generated by frequency multiplication or division of a basic tone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/395—Special musical scales, i.e. other than the 12-interval equally tempered scale; Special input devices therefor
    • G10H2210/415—Equally tempered scale, i.e. note tuning scale in which every pair of adjacent notes has an identical frequency ratio equal to 2 to the power 1/n if the scale has n notes per octave
    • G10H2210/435—Huygens scale, i.e. 31 equal intervals per octave, provides near-just major thirds, and provides decent matches for harmonics up to at least 13, despite a slightly less accurate fifth than the standard 12 interval equally tempered scale
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/395—Special musical scales, i.e. other than the 12-interval equally tempered scale; Special input devices therefor
    • G10H2210/471—Natural or just intonation scales, i.e. based on harmonics consonance such that most adjacent pitches are related by harmonically pure ratios of small integers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing tones of a substantially equally tempered scale by an electronic musical instrument.
  • the frequencies of the further tones of the octave are fixed with respect to the frequencies of the independent oscillators so that the relative frequency ratios which determine the correct tuning of the instrument remain more constant.
  • m may be chosen so as not to be equal to for all tones.
  • tones of an octave corresponding to the natural tuning m may be chosen to be equal to 5, 4, 3 and 2 so that the following rela tions are found:
  • n is the ordinal number of the tone in scale.
  • f is the octave of f,.
  • f is the quint on f or the quarter below f,, which intervals in the tempered tuning are substantially natural.
  • l/l5f is substantially equal to 0.lf, or l/20f,,.
  • the deviation from the ideal frequencies is then slightly greater than in the preceding case but the result is still quite acceptable.
  • the term frequency is understood to mean the pulse repetition frequency which may be considered to be the number of pulses per second. This is no longer a strictly regular sequence of pulses. Whether this sequence of pulses is perceived subjectively as an acceptable tone depends upon the extent of variation of the pulse interval. If the frequency f is replaced by the number of pulses N for a given period of time the preceding formulas obtain like before, when f is replaced by N.
  • a cutoff circuit is therefore defined as a circuit wherein one cycle of a first input signal will be removed in response to each cycle of a lower frequency signal.
  • the sequence N is applied to a first input of the cutoff circuit and the pulse sequence N,, via a ZO-divider to a second input.
  • the sequence of pulses N is applied to a first input of the cutoff circuit and the pulse sequence N,, via a ZO-divider to a second input.
  • the sequence of pulses N is applied to a first input of the cutoff circuit and the pulse sequence N, via a ZO-divider to a second input.
  • the sequence of pulses N until the pulse sequence N, has reached a multiple of 20, at which instant the cutoff circuit takes care that one pulse of the N sequence is not passed to the N output.
  • the cutoff circuit is formed by a first input terminal to which the second signal is applied and which leads to a first input ofa first AND-gate, a second input of which is connected to a first output of a bistable flip-flop, a first input of which leads to a second input terminal, which leads to an output of an m-divider, to the input of which is applied the third signal, while a second output of the flip-flop is connected to a first input of a second AND-gate, to a second input of which is also applied the second signal, the output being connected to a second input of the flip-flop.
  • the cutoff circuit is formed solely by logical circuits comprising a number of inputs and one output, at which a voltage may appear at two levels, the voltage occurring at the first level when at least one of the voltages at the inputs has a first value and the voltage occurring at the second level when the voltages at the inputs have solely a second value, while the second signal is applied via a first input terminal to a first input of a first logical circuit, the output of which is connected to a first input of a second logical circuit and of a third logical circuit, the output of the second logical circuit leading to a second input of the third logical circuit, the output of which is connected to a first input of a fourth logical circuit, the output of which leads to a second input of a fifth logical circuit, to a first input of which is also applied the second signal, while the output is connected to a first output terminal and to an input of a sixth logical circuit, the output of which leads to a second output terminal and a
  • this circuitry can be readily constructed in the form of an integrated circuit and that in a further embodiment of the invention these circuits may serve to form the dividing circuits, so that a whole generator can be composed of identical parts.
  • a master oscillator is connected to a first input of a first cutoff circuit and through a first -divider (divide-by-20 circuit) to a second input of a third cutoff circuit and a first output terminal, the output of the first cutoff circuit being connected to a first input of a second cutoff circuit and through a second ZO-divider to a second input of a fourth cutoff circuit and a second output terminal, the output of the second cutoff circuit leading to a first input of the third cutoff circuit and through a third 20-divider to a second input of a fifth cutoff circuit and to a third output terminal, the output being connected to a first input of the fourth cutoff circuit and through a fourth 20- divider to a second input of a sixth cutoff circuit and to a fourth output terminal, the output of the fourth cutoff circuit being connected to a first input of the fifth cutoff circuit and through a fifth 20-divider to a second input
  • each cutoff circuit a pulse is cutoff and the resultant signal is applied to the next cutoff circuit, in which again pulses are cutoff from the resultant pulse sequence.
  • the result consists of 12 pulse sequences in which the ratios between the mean numbers correspond to the frequency ratios in accordance with the tempered tuning, the pulse distribution with the lower tones exhibiting an increasing irregularity, since the pulses thereof have passed through a progressive number of cutoff circuits.
  • the signal 1" which is in fact not obtained in this way since it is the octave of f then comprises a number of pulses equal to half the number of f,;,. In the ideal case it is to be expected that after each pulse one pulse is omitted.
  • the circuits involve a delay time.
  • the delay times are added in the consecutive circuits and when a given value is exceeded too few pulses will be omitted so that the height of the pulse frequency is restricted.
  • this influence can be reduced by connecting a master oscillator to a first input of a first cutoff circuit and through a first 20-divider to a second input of a third cutoff circuit and to a first output terminal, the output of the first cutoff circuit being connected to a first input of a second cutoff circuit and through a second 20-divider to a second input of a fourth cutoff circuit and to a second output terminal, the output of the second cutoff circuit leading to a first input of the third cutoff circuit and through a third 20-divider to a second input of a fifth cutoff circuit and to a third output terminal, the output of the third cutoff circuit being connected to a first input of the fourth cutoff circuit and to a first 5'divider, which is connected on the one hand to a first 3-divider, the output of which leads to a second input of the first cutoff circuit and on the other hand to a first 4-divider, the output of which leads to
  • the aforesaid irregular distribution of the pulses may be strongly reduced by applying the signal to divide-by-2 circuits so that, when the outputs of the 20-dividers are employed and when in accordance with a further feature of the device according to the invention the output terminals are each connected to a m-divider in which m is at least 4, while the output signals are the tones of the highest desired octave, said irregularities are reduced to an acceptable level. Since the frequencies of the tones of the octave are unambiguously determined by the frequency of the master oscillator, it is advantageous in accordance with a further feature of the device embodying the invention, to render the master oscillator continuously and/or stepwise detunable.
  • the pitch of the oscillators may be adapted to other instruments and/or it may be transposed.
  • the continuous detuning permits, in addition, of obtaining special effects, for example, for imitating a Hawaiian guitar.
  • the lower octave tones are derived from the tones of the highest octave by means of divide-by-2 circuits.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cutoff circuit comprising two AND-gates and a flip-flop.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the voltages at various points of this circuitry.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cutoff circuitry comprising logical circuits and FIG. 4 illustrates the voltages at various points of this circuitry and FIG. 5a shows the cutoff circuits of FIG. 3 and 2-dividers and FIG. 5b illustrates the associated voltages.
  • FIG. 6a shows the same circuits as 3-dividers and FIG. 6b illustrates the associated voltages.
  • FIG. 7a shows the circuits as 5-dividers and FIG. 7b illustrates the associated voltages.
  • FIG. 8 shows a complete oscillator comprising and 20- dividers
  • FIG. 9 shows an oscillator comprising and -dividers.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the ideal pulse distribution and the distribution obtained by the circuit arrangement.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the improvement of the pulse distribution after the passage through Z-dividers.
  • the terminal 8 receives the second signal.
  • the terminal 8 is connected to a first input of a first AND-gate comprising the diodes D D and the resistor R
  • the second input of this AND-gate is connected to a first output 3 of a bistable flip-flop FF.
  • the first input 1 of the flip-flop FF leads to the output of an m-divider M, such as that shown in FIG.
  • a second output 4 of the flip-flop FF is connected to a first input of a second AND-gate comprising the diodes D D and the resistor R to the second input of which is also applied the second signal S whereas the output of this second AND-gate is connected to a second input 2 of the flip-flop FF.
  • the m-divider is in this constructed so that its output voltage varies when the input pulse changes over from the voltage level 1 to the voltage level 0. In the norme! state the pulses of the signal S are passed through the first AND-gate, since the output 3 of the flip-flop FF is 1 so that the voltage at point y varies in the same way. Since the voltage at the output 4 of the flip-flop FF is 0, the point x also remains 0 independently of the signal 8,.
  • Point x follows the voltage of the input pulses so that at the end of the next pulse of S, 1: changes over from 0 to l, which voltage variation is transferred to the input 2 of the flip-flop FF, which is thus changed over to its initial state, in which point 3 is l and point 4 is 0 so that the next pulses are again passed through the first AND- gate to the point y.
  • the output of the m-divider M changes over from 0 to l, but this does not affect the state of the flip-flop FF, since it responds only to the trailing edge of the pulses. This is illustrated in detail in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cutoff circuit comprising conventional solely logical NAND gate circuits having a number of inputs and one output, to which a voltage may appear at two levels 0 and l, the voltage at the first level 0 appearing on the output terminals when the voltages at the inputs all have a value 1, whereas a voltage appears on the output terminal at the second level I when one of the voltages at the inputs has a second value 0.
  • the second signal S is applied through a first input terminal A to a first input 1 of a first logical circuit L
  • the output H. of circuit L is connected to a first input i of a second and of a third logical circuit L and L, respectively.
  • the output J of the second logical circuit L leads to a second input 2 of the third logical circuit L the output C of which is connected to a first input of a fourth logical circuit L
  • the output F of the circuit L leads to a second input 2 of a fifth logical circuit L to a first input 1 of which is also applied the second signal 8,.
  • the output of circuit I. is connected to a first output terminal 0 and to an input 1 of a sixth logical circuit L the output of which leads to a second output terminal G, while a second input terminal D, to which is applied the third signal 8 leads to a second input of the fourth logical circuit L and to a first input 1 of a seventh and of an eighth logical circuit L and L respectively.
  • a second input 2 of the seventh logical circuit L is connected to the output J of the second logical circuit L
  • the output K of the seventh logical circuit L leads to the second input of the second and of the eighth logical circuit L and L respectively.
  • the output B of the eighth logical circuit L is connected to a first input 1 of a ninth logical circuit L,,, a second input 2 of which leads to the output F of the fourth logical circuit L
  • the output of the ninth logical circuit L leads to a third input 3 of the fourth logical circuit L and to a second input of the first logical circuit and to a third output terminal E.
  • FIG. 5a illustrates how a cutoff circuit of FIG. 3 may be arranged as a divide-by-2 circuit (Z-divider) by connecting the output 0 to the input D of the third signal and by deriving the signal from the output E. By applying the signal E to an input the output E of this circuit, a divider with a division ratio of 4 is obtained.
  • FIG. 6a illustrates how two cutoff circuits of FIG. 3 may be used to obtain a divider with a division ratio of 3 by connecting the output G, of a first cutoff circuit B, to the input A of a cutoff circuit 8,. The output of circuit B, is connected to the input D which the signal of the output E is applied to the input D, of the first cutoff circuit B,.
  • the signal of the output E is divided by 3 is obtained at the output E output.
  • the voltages appearing at various points of this circuitry are illustrated in the associated graphs of FIG. 6b.
  • a third cutoff circuit 8 By including a third cutoff circuit 8;, connected as a 2-divider, between the output G, of the first cutoff circuit B, and the input A, of the second cutofl' circuit, a divider with a division ratio of .5 is obtained as is shown in FIG. 7a, the graphs of FIG. 7b illustrating the voltages at various points of this arrangement.
  • Such an oscillator is shown in FIG. 8; it is capable of producing the tones of a substantially equally tempered l2- tone scale by means of a master oscillator, ll cutoff circuits such as the devices shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, l0 divide-by-ZO circuits and two divide-by-IO circuits.
  • the l0-divider may be made by connecting a S-divider as shown in FIG. 7a and a 2- divider as shown in FIG. a in series. Obviously connecting an additional divide-by-Z circuit to the series circuit would result in a divide-bycircuits.
  • the signal of the master oscillator 0 is applied to a first input 1 of a first cutoff circuit B, and through a first 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a third cutoff circuit 8;, and to a first output terminal K,.
  • the output of the first cutofi circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of a second cutoff circuit B, and through a second 20-divider D to a second input 2 of a fourth cutoff circuit 8., and to a second output terminal K,.
  • the output of the second cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of a third cutoff circuit B and through a third 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a fifth cutoff circuit 3,, and to a third output terminal K,,.
  • the output of circuit 8 is also connected to a first input 1 of the fourth cutoff circuit B and via a fourth 20-divider D to a second input 2 of a sixth cutoff circuit B and to a fourth output terminal K,.
  • the output of the fourth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input I of the fifth cutoff circuit 8,, and via a fifth 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a seventh cutoff circuit B, and to a fifth output terminal K
  • the output of the fifth cutoff circuit B leads to a first input 1 of a sixth cutoff circuit B and via a sixth ZO-divider D to a second input 2 of an eighth cutoff circuit B and to a sixth output terminal K
  • the output of the sixth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of a seventh cutoff circuit B and via a seventh 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a ninth cutoff circuit B and to a seventh output terminal K
  • the output of the seventh cutoff circuit B leads to a first input I of the eighth cutoff circuit
  • the output of the ninth cutoff circuit B leads to a first input of the tenth cutoff circuit 8, and through a tenth 20-divider D,,, to a tenth output terminal K
  • the output of the tenth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of the eleventh cutoff circuit 8,, and via a first IO-divider D,, on the one hand to a second input 2 of the first cutoff circuit B, and on the other hand via a first 2-divider D,, to an eleventh output terminal K
  • the output of the eleventh cutoff circuit is connected via a second lO-divider D,,, on the one hand to a second input 2 of the second cutoff circuit B and on the other hand via a second 2-divider D,, to a twelfth output terminal K Pulse frequency divider C, through C, are described hereinabove.
  • the pulses are passed through the elements with a given delay.
  • the delay times are added in the consecutive circuits and when a given value is exceeded too many pulses may be skipped.
  • the influence of the delay time is at a maximum between the outputs of the l0-dividers D,, and D,,, and the input signals of the cutoff circuits B, and B, respectively controlled thereby.
  • the result is that it is not possible to divide by a sufficiently high number to obtain the highest tone of the keyboard.
  • the influence of the delay time may be reduced by deriving the third signal, in those cases in which a signal of the IO-divider D,, or D,, is fed back to the first and to the second cutofi circuits B, and B; respectively such as the devices shown in FIGS. 1 or 3, from the outputs of the two further cutoff circuits whose frequency is divided by 15, instead of being derived from said IO-dividers.
  • the accuracy of the resultant frequency is lower, it is true, but it is certainly sufficient for the purpose aimed at.
  • a master oscillator 0 is connected to a first input 1 of a first cutoff circuit'B, and through a first 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a third cutoff circuit B and to a first output terminal I(,.
  • the output of the first cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of a second cutoff circuit 8, and through a second 20-divider D to a second input 2 of a fourth cutoff circuit B, and to a second output terminal K,.
  • the output of the second cutoff circuit B leads to a first input 1 of the third cutoff circuit 8,, and via a third 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a fifth cutofi circuit B and to a third output terminal K,.
  • the output of the third cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of the fourth cutoff circuit B, and to a first 5- divider D, which is connected on the one hand to a first 3-divider D whose output leads to a second input 2 of the first cutoff circuit B, and on the other hand to a first 4-divider D,,.
  • the output of divider D, leads to a second input 2 of a sixth cutofi circuit B and to a fourth output terminal K,.
  • the output of the fourth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input I of the fifth cutoff circuit 3, and to a second S-divider D,, which is connected on the one hand via a second 3-divider D,, to a second input 2 of the second cutoff circuit B and on the other hand via a second 4-divider D to a second input 2 of a seventh cutoff circuit B, and to a fifth output terminal K,.
  • the output of the fifth cutoff circuit 8, is connected to a first input 1 of the sixth cutoff circuit B and via a fourth 20-divider D,,, to a second input 2 of an eighth cutoff circuit B and to a sixth output terminal K
  • the output of the sixth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of the seventh cutoff circuit B and via a fifth 20-divider D,, to a second input 2 of a ninth cutoff circuit B and to a seventh output terminal l(,.
  • the output of the seventh cutoff circuit B leads to a first input I of the eighth cutoff circuit B, and through a sixth 20-divider D, to a second input 2 of a tenth cutoff circuit B and to an eighth output terminal K,,.
  • the output of the eighth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of the ninth cutoff circuit B and via a seventh 20-divider D,, to a second input 2 of an eleventh cutoff circuit B,, and to a ninth output terminal K,,.
  • the output of the ninth cutoff circuit 8, leads to a first input 1 of the tenth cutoff circuit B, and via an eighth 20-divider D,, to a tenth output terminal l(,,,.
  • the output of the tenth cutoff circuit B is connected to a first input 1 of the eleventh cutoff circuit 8,, and via a ninth 20-divider D,,, to an eleventh output terminal K,
  • the output of the eleventh cutoff circuit 8, is connected through a tenth 20-divider D,,, to a twelfth output terminal K12
  • pulses are cutoff and the resultant signal is applied to the next-following cutoff circuit, in which arbitrary other pulses are cut off from the resultant pulse sequences.
  • the result consists of 12 pulse sequences in which the ratios between the average numbers correspond to the frequency ratios in accordance with the tempered tuning, the pulse distribution in the lower tones exhibiting a progressive irregularity, since the pulses thereof have passed through an even higher number of cutoff circuits.
  • the signal f is produced in this way, which is not done in reality since it is the octave of f,,,, the number of pulses is on an average equal to half the number of pulses of f In the ideal case it could be expected that after each pulse one pulse is omitted. In reality the situation may be as follows: six pulses, five pulses cutoff, two pulses, six pulses omitted and so on. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 which also illustrates the ideal pulse sequence.
  • This irregularity makes a very unpleasant impression on the ear.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the two signals of FIG. 10 after having passed through such a Z-divider.
  • the voids in the pulse sequence of FIG. 10, amounting to 11 and 13 pulse widths respectively, are reduced here to six an seven pulse widths respectively.
  • a further division by 2 reduces this number to 3.5 and 4 respectively, as is indicated also in FIG. 1 1.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 C designate these additional dividers, the output voltages being derived from terminals S, and S,,.
  • To the terminals S, to 8, are connected the additional 2-dividers to obtain the lower octave tones.
  • the master oscillator is in this case continuously and stepwise tunable.
  • each step of detuning equal to halfa tone, transposition is possible in a simple manner.
  • the continuous detuning permits of adaptingaccurately the pitch of the whole instrument to that of other instruments, with which it should be played. It is furthermore possible to obtain special effects, for example, those of a Hawaiian guitar by having detuning performed over a given range at' each depression of a ke What is claimed is:
  • a method of producing a preselected tone of a musical scale comprising generating a first. frequency of the scale, generating a second frequency in the same scale, dividing the first frequency by an integral divisor, and subtracting the results of the division from the second generated frequency, whereby the result of the subtraction is the preselected tone.
  • step of generating the second frequency comprises the steps of generating a fourth frequency of the same scale, generating a fifth frequency of the same scale, dividing the fourth frequency by a second integral divisor, and subtracting the result of the division by the second integral divisor from the fifth frequency; and wherein the steps of generating the fourth, fifth and every other frequency of the scale with the exception of the first frequency comprise the steps of dividing a frequency of the scale other than the frequency to be generated by an Nth integral factor, and subtracting the result of the division by the Nth integral factor from an additional frequency different from the frequency to be generated and different from the frequency divided by the Nth integral factor.
  • Apparatus for producing a predetermined tone of a musical scale from a first and a second different additional tones of that scale comprising means for dividing the frequency of the first tone by an integer, a bistable multivibrator having first and second input terminals and switchable to a first stable state in response to the trailing edge of an input pulse in the first terminal and switchable to a second stable state in response to the trailing edge of a pulse on the second input terminal, means for connecting the output of the divider to the first input terminal of the bistable multivibrator, whereby pulses from the divider trigger the multivibrator to the first stable state, a first AND gate means connected to the second input terminal of the multivibrator and to the second tone of the ill scale for triggering the multivibrator into the second stable state in response to the concurrence of a pulse of the second tone and the first stable state of the multivibrator, and a second AND gate
  • Apparatus for producing a predetermined tone of a musical scale from a first and second difierent tones NAND gate the same scale comprising a first group of six NAND gate stages, a second group of three additional NAND gate stages, means for connecting an output of each of the first group of NAND gate stages of the first group to an input terminal of the next succeeding stage, means for connecting an output of each of the second group of NAND gates to an input of the next succeeding stage of the second group, means for connecting the first tone to inputs of the first and fifth NAND gates of the first group, means for connecting an output of the first NAND gate of the first group to an input of the third NAND gate of the first group, means for cross-coupling the second NAND gate of the first group with the first NAND gate of the second group, means for cross-coupling the fourth NAN D gate of the first group with the third NAND gate of the second group, means for connecting the second tone of the scale to an input of the fourth NAND gate of the first group and to inputs of the first and
  • a device for producing a substantially equally tempered l2-tone scale comprising an oscillator, a series of 11 cutoff circuit means each having first and second input terminals and an output terminal for removing a cycle of a signal applied to the first input terminal of the cutoff circuit in response to each cycle of a different signal applied to the second input terminal of the cutoff circuit and for providing the thus-altered signal on the output terminal of the cutoff circuit, 10 20-dividers each providing one output pulse in response to each 20 input pulses, two lO-dividers each providing one output pulse in response to each 10 input pulses, two 2-dividers each providing a single output pulse in response to each two input pulses, means for connecting the output terminal of each of the first i0 cutoff circuits to the first input terminal of the next sequential cutoff circuit in the series, means for connecting the oscillator to the first terminal of the first cutoff circuit and through the first 20-divider to the second input terminal of the third cutoff circuit of the series, means for connecting the output terminal of the first cutoff circuit to the second input
  • each cutoff circuit comprises a first series of six NAND gates, a second series of three NAND gate, means for connecting an output of each of the first five NAND gates in the first series to an input of the next succeeding NAND gate in the first series, means for connecting an output of the first and second NAND gates in the second series to the next succeeding NAND gate in the second series, means for connecting the output of the first NAND gate of the first series to an input of the third NAND gate in the first series, means for connecting the first input terminal of the cutoff circuit to inputs of the first and fifth NAND gates of the first series, means for cross-coupling the second NAND gate of the first series with the first NAND gate of the second series, means for cross-coupling the fourth NAND gate of the first series with the third NAND gate of the second series, means for connecting an output of the third NAND gate of the second series to an input of the first NAND gate of the first series, means for connecting the second input terminal of the cutoff circuit to an input of the fourth
  • each of the 2- dividers comprises a cutoff circuit wherein the input of the divider comprises the first input terminal of the cutoff circuit, wherein the output of the divider comprises the output of the third NAND gate in the second series, and wherein the output of the fifth NAND gate in the first series is connected to the second input terminal of the cutoff circuit.
  • Apparatus for producing a substantially equal tempered l2-tone scale comprising a series of 11 cutoff circuit means each having a first and second input terminals and an output terminal for removing a cycle of a signal applied to the first input terminal of the cutoff circuit in response to each cycle of a different signal applied to the second input terminal of the cutoff circuit and for providing the thus altered signal on the output terminal of the cutoff circuit, a series of -dividers for providing an output pulse in response to each 20 input pulses applied to the ZO-divider, two S-dividers for providing an output pulse in response to each five input pulses applied to the S-divider, two 4-dividers for providing a single pulse in response to each four input pulses applied to the 4-divider, two 3-divider for providing a single output pulse in response to each three input pulses applied to the S-divider, an oscillator connected to the first input terminal of the first cutoff circuit,
  • each cutoff circuit comprises a first series of six NAND gates, a second series of three NAND gates, means for connecting an output of each of the first five NAND gates in the first series to an input of the next succeeding NAND gate in the first series, means for connecting an output of the first and second NAND gates in the second series to the next succeeding NAND gate in the second series, means for connecting the output of the first NAND gate of the first series to an input of the third NAND gate in the first series, means for connecting the first input terminal of the cutoff circuit to inputs of the first and fifth NAN D gates of the first series, means for cross-coupling the second NAND gate of the first series with the first NAND gate of the second series, means for cross-coupling the fourth NAND gate of the first series with the third NAND gate of the second series, means for connecting an output of the third NAND gate of the second series to an input of the first NAND gate of the first series, means for connecting the second input terminal to the cutoff circuit to an input

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
US749828A 1967-08-15 1968-08-02 Method of producing tones of an equally tempered scale Expired - Lifetime US3617901A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL676711170A NL143713B (nl) 1967-08-15 1967-08-15 Generator voor het gelijktijdig opwekken van tonen van een in hoofdzaak gelijkzwevende toonladder, alsmede elektronisch muziekinstrument voorzien van een dergelijke generator.

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US3617901A true US3617901A (en) 1971-11-02

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Country Link
US (1) US3617901A (de)
JP (1) JPS4916643B1 (de)
AT (1) AT295299B (de)
BE (1) BE719436A (de)
CH (1) CH493058A (de)
DE (1) DE1772991C3 (de)
ES (1) ES357212A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1604209A (de)
GB (1) GB1221490A (de)
NL (1) NL143713B (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702370A (en) * 1971-05-19 1972-11-07 John Ray Hallman Jr Digital tone generator system for electronic organ employing a single master oscillator
US3743756A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-07-03 Philips Corp Method of producing tones of a preferably substantially equal-tempered scale
US3790693A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-02-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Tone keying and synthesizing system for electronic musical instrument
US3795754A (en) * 1971-03-06 1974-03-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instruments with two master oscillators
US3808347A (en) * 1971-06-01 1974-04-30 Itt Electronic music tone generator with pulse generator and frequency dividers
US3808345A (en) * 1971-07-02 1974-04-30 Philips Corp Apparatus for producing tones of a musical scale
US3809787A (en) * 1970-05-30 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Tone generator system
US3824326A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-07-16 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Vibrato signal generating apparatus for an electronic musical instrument
US3828109A (en) * 1973-02-20 1974-08-06 Chicago Musical Instr Co Chorus generator for electronic musical instrument
US3885489A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-05-27 Kenju Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having keyboards
US3933072A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-01-20 U.S. Philips Corporation Generator for producing tones of a musical scale in an electronic musical instrument
JPS5149020A (de) * 1974-06-04 1976-04-27 Fumi Sasaki
US3992973A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-11-23 Kimball International, Inc. Pulse generator for an electronic musical instrument
US4084471A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-04-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Circuit arrangement for obtaining a chorus effect
RU2683121C1 (ru) * 2018-06-13 2019-03-26 Илья Витальевич Мамонтов Способ получения сигнала управления громкостью у терменвокса
RU2703895C1 (ru) * 2019-05-20 2019-10-22 Илья Витальевич Мамонтов Способ получения цифрового сигнала у электромузыкальных инструментов

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2261553C2 (de) * 1971-12-29 1982-09-02 Nippon Gakki Seizo K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Generatorschaltung für ein elektronisches Musikinstrument

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541320A (en) * 1948-04-23 1951-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multifrequency generator
US3004460A (en) * 1956-12-31 1961-10-17 Baldwin Piano Co Audio modulation system
US3469109A (en) * 1966-04-14 1969-09-23 Hammond Organ Co Musical instrument frequency divider which divides by two and by four

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541320A (en) * 1948-04-23 1951-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multifrequency generator
US3004460A (en) * 1956-12-31 1961-10-17 Baldwin Piano Co Audio modulation system
US3469109A (en) * 1966-04-14 1969-09-23 Hammond Organ Co Musical instrument frequency divider which divides by two and by four

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3809787A (en) * 1970-05-30 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Tone generator system
US3795754A (en) * 1971-03-06 1974-03-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instruments with two master oscillators
US3702370A (en) * 1971-05-19 1972-11-07 John Ray Hallman Jr Digital tone generator system for electronic organ employing a single master oscillator
US3808347A (en) * 1971-06-01 1974-04-30 Itt Electronic music tone generator with pulse generator and frequency dividers
US3808345A (en) * 1971-07-02 1974-04-30 Philips Corp Apparatus for producing tones of a musical scale
US3743756A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-07-03 Philips Corp Method of producing tones of a preferably substantially equal-tempered scale
US3790693A (en) * 1971-12-29 1974-02-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Tone keying and synthesizing system for electronic musical instrument
US3824326A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-07-16 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Vibrato signal generating apparatus for an electronic musical instrument
US3828109A (en) * 1973-02-20 1974-08-06 Chicago Musical Instr Co Chorus generator for electronic musical instrument
US3885489A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-05-27 Kenju Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having keyboards
US3933072A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-01-20 U.S. Philips Corporation Generator for producing tones of a musical scale in an electronic musical instrument
JPS5149020A (de) * 1974-06-04 1976-04-27 Fumi Sasaki
US3992973A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-11-23 Kimball International, Inc. Pulse generator for an electronic musical instrument
US4084471A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-04-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Circuit arrangement for obtaining a chorus effect
RU2683121C1 (ru) * 2018-06-13 2019-03-26 Илья Витальевич Мамонтов Способ получения сигнала управления громкостью у терменвокса
RU2703895C1 (ru) * 2019-05-20 2019-10-22 Илья Витальевич Мамонтов Способ получения цифрового сигнала у электромузыкальных инструментов

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4916643B1 (de) 1974-04-24
DE1772991A1 (de) 1971-07-08
AT295299B (de) 1971-12-27
CH493058A (de) 1970-06-30
DE1772991C3 (de) 1974-08-15
FR1604209A (de) 1971-10-04
GB1221490A (en) 1971-02-03
NL143713B (nl) 1974-10-15
NL6711170A (de) 1969-02-18
ES357212A1 (es) 1970-03-16
DE1772991B2 (de) 1974-01-24
BE719436A (de) 1969-02-13

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