US3628079A - Arc plasma generators - Google Patents

Arc plasma generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3628079A
US3628079A US8249A US3628079DA US3628079A US 3628079 A US3628079 A US 3628079A US 8249 A US8249 A US 8249A US 3628079D A US3628079D A US 3628079DA US 3628079 A US3628079 A US 3628079A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
arc chamber
anode
torch
spacer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US8249A
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English (en)
Inventor
David John Miller Dobbs
Derek Linder
Leslie John Giles
Joseph Kenneth Hill
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British Railways Board
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British Railways Board
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Railways Board filed Critical British Railways Board
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Publication of US3628079A publication Critical patent/US3628079A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

Definitions

  • a plasma generator comprises a torch in which a l 54] ARC PLASMA GENERATORS spacer made of a refractory material and having a central 3 Claims 2 Drawing Figs opening in which the cathode is fitted and a concentric ring of peripheral openings which serve to feed the plasma gas into [52] 1.8- CI .1 313/231, the arc chamber of the rch in uniformly distributed fashion 219/75, 219/121 P is provided in the interior of the anode unit.
  • the [51] Int. "I s acer is of disc shape with a concentric ring of equally spaced openings extending axially through it.
  • ARC PLASMA GENERATORS This invention concerns improvements relating to are plasma generators, especially such used for improving wheelrail adhesion of railway vehicles by cleaning the rails or rails and wheels.
  • the characteristics of a DC are plasma generator or torch in which a cathode is mounted coaxially in a cylindrical anode unit are very sensitive to the accuracy of coaxial alignment of the two electrodes.
  • Cathode vibration and displacement can be minimized by rigid construction and/or the insertion of insulating spacers to hold the cathode. Such measures do not however overcome the need for accurate positioning of the cathode with respect to the anode, conventionally by a micrometer-screw adjustment.
  • the present invention seeks to obviate the difficulties and to simplify the manufacture and assembly of plasma torches.
  • plasma generator comprises a torch wherein a spacer made'of a refractory material and having a central opening in which the cathode is fitted and a concentric ring of peripheral openings which serve to feed the plasma gas into the arc chamber of the torch in uniformly distributed fashion is provided in the interior of the anode unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic axial section through the cathodeanode assembly of a plasma-arc torch
  • FIG. 2 a cross section on the line 11-" in F IG. 1.
  • the cathode of the torch is indicated at 1 and part of the anode unit at 2. Between them there is a discshaped spacer 3 made of a refractory material, for example of an asbestos or ceramic material, and having a flange 4 by which it rests on an annular shoulder 5 in the anode unit 2. A hublike part 6 of the spacer fits into an upper portion of the arc chamber 7 below the said shoulder. The whole spacer is penetrated by a concentric ring of axially extending round holes 8 and by an axial round hole 9 for the cathode 1, whose free end is located just above the nozzle 10 of the torch. The ring of holes 8 is located at about the midwidth of the annular space between the cathode l and the wall of the chamber 7 in the anode unit.
  • the number, size and exact disposition of the peripheral holes 8 can be varied to suit the particular requirements. Typically and as shown, eight holes equally spaced around the hole 9 can be used. The size of the holes 8 is important. Too small or too large a hole may produce a loss in the stabilizing properties, as a gas distributor, of the spacer.
  • a suitable provision of holes 8 would be a ring of eight holes each of one-sixteenth inch diameter spaced equally around a circle of seven-sixteenths inch diameter.
  • each hole 8 presents a constant impedance to the gas flow irrespective of any minor departure of the cathode from coaxiality with the anode.
  • a uniform gas feed is presented to the arc with resultant uniformity and stability of characteristics.
  • a working voltage of 45 volts 5 volts can be obtained without the necessity for precision setting of the cathode or accurate symmetry of its tip, the perfonnance being also substantially unaffected by displacements due to mechanical shock.
  • the life of the torch may be lengthened.
  • a plasma generator comprising a torch including a cathode and an anode with an arc chamber, wherein a spacer made of a refractory material and having a central opening in which the cathode is fitted and a concentric ring of equally spaced substantially axially extending openings spaced from the said cathode and anode which serve to feed the plasma gas into the arc chamber in uniformly distributed fashion is provided in the interior of the anode and extends into the arc chamber.
  • a generator according to claim 1, wherein the ring of openings in the spacer is located substantially at the midwidth of the annular space between the cathode and the wall of the arc chamber.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US8249A 1969-02-20 1970-02-03 Arc plasma generators Expired - Lifetime US3628079A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB935969 1969-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3628079A true US3628079A (en) 1971-12-14

Family

ID=9870425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US8249A Expired - Lifetime US3628079A (en) 1969-02-20 1970-02-03 Arc plasma generators

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3628079A (de)
AT (1) AT297172B (de)
AU (1) AU1107270A (de)
CH (1) CH513566A (de)
DE (1) DE2007126A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2035653A5 (de)
NL (1) NL7001669A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3813510A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-05-28 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electric arc torches
US3838242A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-09-24 Hogle Kearns Int Surgical instrument employing electrically neutral, d.c. induced cold plasma
US4142089A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-02-27 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Pulsed coaxial thermal plasma sprayer
EP0056421A1 (de) * 1981-01-15 1982-07-28 Manfred J. Wallner Elektrode für einen Lichtbogenbrenner und deren Halterung
US4670290A (en) * 1985-05-13 1987-06-02 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Multiple torch type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
US4741286A (en) * 1985-05-13 1988-05-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Single torch-type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
EP0500492A1 (de) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Sulzer Metco AG Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material
US5399831A (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-03-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ternary gas plasma welding torch
US20040226914A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2004-11-18 Dong Chun Christine Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
EP1473105A3 (de) * 2003-04-28 2004-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen von oberflächigen Oxyden mit einem flussmittelfreien Prozess mittels Zugabe von Elektronen und entfernte Ionenerzeugung
US20070131736A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Dong Chun C Addition of D2 to H2 to detect and calibrate atomic hydrogen formed by dissociative electron attachment
US7928338B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2011-04-19 Plasma Surgical Investments Ltd. Plasma spraying device and method
US8030849B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2011-10-04 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Pulsed plasma device and method for generating pulsed plasma
US8105325B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2012-01-31 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device, use of a plasma-generating device and method of generating a plasma
US8109928B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2012-02-07 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of plasma surgical device
US8613742B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2013-12-24 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Methods of sealing vessels using plasma
US8735766B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2014-05-27 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Cathode assembly and method for pulsed plasma generation
US9089319B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2015-07-28 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
US9913358B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2018-03-06 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of a plasma surgical device
CN110904904A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-03-24 河南先途智能科技有限公司 一种机场跑道橡胶残留低温等离子处理设备
US11882643B2 (en) 2020-08-28 2024-01-23 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for generating predominantly radially expanded plasma flow

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO141183C (no) * 1977-12-06 1980-01-23 Sintef Plasmabrenner.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858412A (en) * 1956-07-06 1958-10-28 Union Carbide Corp Arc torch
US3238349A (en) * 1963-09-05 1966-03-01 Union Carbide Corp Low current arc torch and power supply

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858412A (en) * 1956-07-06 1958-10-28 Union Carbide Corp Arc torch
US3238349A (en) * 1963-09-05 1966-03-01 Union Carbide Corp Low current arc torch and power supply

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3813510A (en) * 1972-02-04 1974-05-28 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electric arc torches
US3838242A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-09-24 Hogle Kearns Int Surgical instrument employing electrically neutral, d.c. induced cold plasma
US4142089A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-02-27 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Pulsed coaxial thermal plasma sprayer
EP0056421A1 (de) * 1981-01-15 1982-07-28 Manfred J. Wallner Elektrode für einen Lichtbogenbrenner und deren Halterung
US4670290A (en) * 1985-05-13 1987-06-02 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Multiple torch type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
US4741286A (en) * 1985-05-13 1988-05-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Single torch-type plasma spray coating method and apparatus therefor
EP0500492A1 (de) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Sulzer Metco AG Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material
US5399831A (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-03-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ternary gas plasma welding torch
US7977598B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2011-07-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
US20040231597A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2004-11-25 Dong Chun Christine Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
EP1473105A3 (de) * 2003-04-28 2004-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen von oberflächigen Oxyden mit einem flussmittelfreien Prozess mittels Zugabe von Elektronen und entfernte Ionenerzeugung
US7079370B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2006-07-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique electron attachment and remote ion generation
US20060164784A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2006-07-27 Dong Chun C Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
EP1775052A3 (de) * 2003-04-28 2007-05-02 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines negativ geladenen reduzierenden Ionengases
US8593778B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2013-11-26 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
US7307826B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2007-12-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
US20110229377A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2011-09-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Apparatus for Removal of Surface Oxides via Fluxless Technique Involving Electron Attachment and Remote Ion Generation
US20040226914A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2004-11-18 Dong Chun Christine Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
EP2308629A1 (de) * 2003-04-28 2011-04-13 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines negativ geladenen reduzierenden Ionengases
US9913358B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2018-03-06 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of a plasma surgical device
US8465487B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2013-06-18 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device having a throttling portion
US10201067B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2019-02-05 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of a plasma surgical device
US12075552B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2024-08-27 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of a plasma surgical device
US8105325B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2012-01-31 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device, use of a plasma-generating device and method of generating a plasma
US8109928B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2012-02-07 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device, plasma surgical device and use of plasma surgical device
US8337494B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2012-12-25 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Plasma-generating device having a plasma chamber
US20090008426A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2009-01-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Addition of D2 to H2 to Detect and Calibrate Atomic Hydrogen Formed By Dissociative Electron attachment
US20070131736A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Dong Chun C Addition of D2 to H2 to detect and calibrate atomic hydrogen formed by dissociative electron attachment
US7434719B2 (en) 2005-12-09 2008-10-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Addition of D2 to H2 to detect and calibrate atomic hydrogen formed by dissociative electron attachment
US7928338B2 (en) 2007-02-02 2011-04-19 Plasma Surgical Investments Ltd. Plasma spraying device and method
US8030849B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2011-10-04 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Pulsed plasma device and method for generating pulsed plasma
US8735766B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2014-05-27 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Cathode assembly and method for pulsed plasma generation
US8613742B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2013-12-24 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Methods of sealing vessels using plasma
US10463418B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2019-11-05 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
US10492845B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2019-12-03 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
US10631911B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2020-04-28 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
US12023081B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2024-07-02 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
US9089319B2 (en) 2010-07-22 2015-07-28 Plasma Surgical Investments Limited Volumetrically oscillating plasma flows
CN110904904A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-03-24 河南先途智能科技有限公司 一种机场跑道橡胶残留低温等离子处理设备
US11882643B2 (en) 2020-08-28 2024-01-23 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for generating predominantly radially expanded plasma flow
US12058801B2 (en) 2020-08-28 2024-08-06 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for generating predominantly radially expanded plasma flow
US12575017B2 (en) 2020-08-28 2026-03-10 Plasma Surgical, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for generating predominantly radially expanded plasma flow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2035653A5 (de) 1970-12-18
CH513566A (fr) 1971-09-30
AU1107270A (en) 1971-08-12
NL7001669A (de) 1970-08-24
DE2007126A1 (de) 1971-02-04
AT297172B (de) 1972-03-10

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