US3628252A - Drafting apparatus - Google Patents

Drafting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3628252A
US3628252A US841067A US3628252DA US3628252A US 3628252 A US3628252 A US 3628252A US 841067 A US841067 A US 841067A US 3628252D A US3628252D A US 3628252DA US 3628252 A US3628252 A US 3628252A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
drafting
pens
shaft
holding means
drafting apparatus
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Expired - Lifetime
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US841067A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jurgen Muller
Winfried Lotz
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Zuse KG
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Zuse KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L13/00—Drawing instruments, or writing or drawing appliances or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B43L13/02—Draughting machines or drawing devices for keeping parallelism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to drafting apparatus in general, and more particularly to drafting apparatus of the type wherein a support, movable in predetermined directions, carries one or more drafting pens.
  • German industrial norm DIN 6775 describes tubular drafting pens composed of two portions, a shaft portion and a lineforming contact portion carried by the shaft portion.
  • the line-forming contact portions which form lines of narrow widths ofO. l 3 mm., 0.18 mm., and 0.25 mm., have shafts whose diameter is identical and amounts to 0.35 mm. However, the contact portions for lines whose width is in excess of 0.35 mm. the shaft diameter differs from case to case.
  • Drafting pens of this type are used in a known drafting apparatus which comprises a support or drafting head which can be shifted in two mutually normal directions above and with respect to the paper on which drafting is to be carried out.
  • the drafting pens are carried by the support and, when they are in operative position in which the line-forming contact portions contact the paper, shifting of the support results in drawing of lines onto the paper.
  • the known apparatus comprises a plurality of the tubular drafting pens which are each adapted to draw a line of different width and which are each arranged in a sleeve in which they can be advanced from an idle position to a paper-engaging working position as required.
  • These sleeves are of course so dimensioned as to be able to accommodate the differently dimensioned shafts of the different pens; they must be manufactured with precision and are rigidly fixed to the support.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such a drafting apparatus which affords greater accuracy than the prior art with substantially the same technological expenditures as heretofore necessary or which, alternatively, requires the same drafting accuracy as the prior art but with lesser technological expenditures.
  • a drafting apparatus which comprises separate means mounted for movement in predetermined direction, a plurality of drafting pens each having a line-forming contact portion of different widths, and all having identical shaft portions each connected to and extending rearwardly from one of said contact portions, and shaft-holding means provided on the support means and operative for engaging the shafts of respective ones of the drafting pens for maintaining the respective pen in predetermined orientation relative to the support means.
  • Our novel apparatus makes it possible to precisely predetermine and maintain the position of the shaft of the respective drafting pen, and to do so with lesser technological expenditures than was heretofore possible.
  • each contact portion and its associated shaft portion be greater than 4 mm. but not substantially greater than 8 mm., a combined length of 6 mm. being preferred.
  • the drafting apparatus may also be provided with a revolving head carrying the drafting pens simultaneously so that each drafting pen can be moved by the head to an operating or working station, and can be moved to paper-contacting position at the working station.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous because again all drafting pens are positioned and maintained by one and the same shaft-holding means.
  • FIG. I is a diagrammatic top-plan view of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary diagrammatic elevation, partly sectioned, illustrating the principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation illustrating in detail one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic fragmentary elevation showing a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5-7 are somewhat diagrammatic illustrations of three representative drawing pens representing a range of differentwidth lines which can be drawn.
  • reference numeral 1 generally identifies a drafting apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 2 identifies a sheet of drafting paper positioned on a suitable support 12 which is well known.
  • a so-called bridge 3 is movable in the direction of the arrow x along the lateral guides which are illustrated but not separately identified with reference numerals. Movable along the bridge itself, in the direction identified by the arrow y and therefore at an inclination to the direction identified by the arrow x, is a support or drafting head 4.
  • Drafting apparatus of the type thus far described is well known in the art and it will be understood that conventionally the movement of the bridge 3 and the drafting head 4 in the directions x and y, respectively, are effected in known manner via rope-transmissions, spindles, racks or similar devices and suitable motors; computers, punched tapes, magnetic tapes or other program-control means may be used for programming the movements in the directions x and y.
  • computers, punched tapes, magnetic tapes or other program-control means may be used for programming the movements in the directions x and y.
  • the holding means 5 carries a drafting pen capable of producing the particular line width which is desired at any given time. If a width of a different line is to be drawn, then the pen is removed and another pen, capable of providing the desired different line, is substituted.
  • Reference numeral 7 generally identifies a drafting pen, particularly a tubular drafting pen, composed of a line-forming contact portion 9 whose lower free end engages the drafting paper 2 which rests on the drafting table 12, and whose upper portion is constituted as a shaft portion carrying the contact portion 9 and provided with a drawing-fluid carrying channel 11 which extends into the portion 9.
  • the shaft-holding means is identified with reference numeral 8 and it is rigidly connected, as more clearly evident from FIGS. 3 and 4, with the movable drafting head 4.
  • the shaft-holding means 8 is provided with an aperture having a diameter b, whereas the diameter of the shaft portion is identified with reference numeral d and the diameter of the line-forming contact portion 9 is identified with reference numeral d,. Because of the manner in which the shaft portion 10 of the respective drafting pen 7 is inserted into the aperture in the shaft-holding means 8, and is fixed therein against tilting or skewing, the occurrence of drafting errors resulting from such skewing of the respective drafting pen 7 with reference to the surface of the drafting paper 2 is precluded or at least substantially eliminated.
  • the distance between the shaft-holding means 8 and the surface of the drafting paper 2 amounts to only a few millimeters, and that the aperture in the shaft-holding means 8 is just large enough to permit insertion of the shaft portion 10 therethrough in the manner illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the pen 7 itself is held in suitable manner in the drafting head 4 (not illustrated in FIG. 2) and the particular instrumentalities used for affixing the pens 7 in the drafting head 4 do not form a part of the present invention and are, in any case, well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the shaft-holding means 8 serves to maintain the shaft portions 10 against tilting and fulfills this purpose admirably well. Because the diameters of the shaft portions 10 are identical, the shaft portion 10 of each and every one of the drafting pens 7 will all be held with identical accuracy when they are inserted through the aperture in the shaft-holding means 8.
  • the shaft-holding means 8 be rigidly connected with the drafting head 4, that is that there be no relative movement possible between the two. This is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 and it is immaterial what specific means for effecting such rigid connection are employed. This is particularly advantageous when lines of various different widths are to be drawn. However, for certain specific reasons it may be desirable to make the rigid connection separable, and how this can be done is again not illustrated because it is evident to those skilled in the art, screws or analogous means being only one possibility. It is essential, however, that when the connection is effected, that is when the shaft-holding means 8 is connected to the drafting head 4, that the connection will then be rigid.
  • the positioning error of the respective shaft portions 10 with reference to the drafting head 4 can be reduced to approximately 0.02 mm.
  • Reference character L in FIG. 2 identifies the combined length of the contact portion and shaft portion of the respective drafting pens 7. This length L should be as short as possible in order to reduce possible skewing of the respective drafting pens 7 with respect to the drafting paper 2. On the other hand, however, the drafting pens 7 must have a certain amount of play in direction normal to the surface of the drafting paper 2, not only to permit them to be moved to and withdrawn from their working position in which they engage the surface of the drafting paper 2, but also to compensate for irregularities in the surface of the drafting paper 2.
  • the shaft-holding means 8 have a certain thickness, and finally it is desirable that the drafting paper 2 be introducible without any difficulties between the shaft-holding means 8 and the support surface or table 12. Taking these various and slightly contradictory requirements into account I have found that it is advantageous for the length L to be greater than 4 mm. but not substantially greater than 8 mm. It is advantageous that the length be at least 5 mm. and preferably it will be 6 mm. This is significantly greater than known tubular drafting pens of this type.
  • FIG. 3 it will be seen that this is a more detailed illustration of one embodiment of the invention, with identical reference numerals identifying the same components as in the previous Figures.
  • the drafting head is identified with reference numeral 4 and carries a sleeve 14 located in a suitable bore in the drafting head 4.
  • a drafting pen 7 is located in the sleeve 14 and a cap 15 closes the upper open end of the sleeve 14.
  • a spring 16 located in the cap 15 bears against the transverse end wall of the latter and also against the upper end of the shaft portion of the drafting pen 7, urging the latter towards the drafting paper 2.
  • Suitable means may be provided for lifting the drafting pen 7 upwardly in direction away from the drafting paper 2 normal thereto.
  • a ring or nut 17 is provided in the interior of the cap 15 and the upper end of the shaft portion of the drafting pen 7 extends through the aperture in the member 17 and is guided thereby and prevented from tilting.
  • the shaft-holding means 8 which is provided at the lower end of the drafting head 4 as illustrated and rigid therewith, guides and maintains the shaft portion 10, as shown in FIG. 3. Because the shaftholding means 8 is located very close to the drafting paper 2, and because it is directly and rigidly connected with the drafting head 4, a highly exact positioning of the shaft 10 and thereby of the pen 7 with reference to the drafting head 4 and thereby with reference to the surface of the drafting paper 2 is possible.
  • FIGS. 5-7 A plurality of different drafting pens for use in the apparatus according to the present invention is diagrammatically shown in FIGS. 5-7. From these Figures it is evident that the diameter of the shaft portions 10 in all three of the illustrated drafting pens 7 is identical, and in the illustrated embodiment is 1.4
  • the line-forming contact portions are identified with reference numerable 9, 9a and 9b, respectively. It will be seen that the portion 9 has a diameter of 0.l mm., the portion 9a a diameter of L0 mm. and the portion 9b a diameter of 1.4 mm. which, thus, corresponds to that of the associated shaft portion 10.
  • FIGS. 5-7 are representative only of the upper and lower range possibilities as concerns the width of the lines to be drawn.
  • drafting pens having contact portions capable of drawing lines wider than l.4 mm. are possible, and equally clearly there will be drafting pens for drawing lines wider than 0.1 mm. and narrower than 1.4 mm. or whatever the upper range may be.
  • FIG. 4 the diagrammatic illustration is of a portion of a drafting head 4 corresponding to the one shown in FIG. 1.
  • the drafting head 4 in FIG. 4 carries a turnable member or revolving member 18 which is secured to the projecting arm of the drafting head 4 for rotation about a vertical axis A.
  • the latter is shown in chain lines in diagrammatic form and the manner in which the member 18 can be connected to the drafting head 4 is immaterial and is in any case well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the rriember 18 carries a plurality of the drafting pens 7 (two shown) which serve to produce with their contact portions lines of different widths or, alternately, may produce lines of different colors.
  • the drafting pens 7 may be moved to a retracted position (compare the one at the right-hand side of FIG. 4) and to an advanced or working position (compare the one at the left-hand side of FIG. 4) wherein the respective contact portion engages the surface of the drafting paper 2.
  • the respective drafting pens 7 are moved to their work ing station in which their shaft portion 10 registers with the aperture provided in the shaft-holding means 8 which corresponds to that shown in FIG.
  • a drafting apparatus comprising, in combination, support means including a support member mounted for movement in predetermined direction, and a turnable member mounted on said support member upwardly spaced from a surface on which lines are to be drawn and turnable relative to said surface and support member about an axis normal to said predetermined direction; a single holding means on said support member movable therewith and located above said surface but substantially closer to the same than said turnable member; and a plurality of drafting pens carried and engaged by said turnable member and each having a line-forming contact portion of different width, said pens all having identical elongated shaft portions each having one part engaged by said turnable member and a longitudinally spaced part connected with a respective contact portion, said shaft portions being individually engageable by said holding means intermediate said parts in response to requisite turning of said turnable member so as to be maintained in predetermined orientation relative to said surface.
  • a drafting apparatus as defined in claim ll wherein the combined length of the shaft portion and contact portion of the respective drafting pens is greater than 4.0 mm.
  • a drafting apparatus as defined in claim 4i wherein said combined length is at most equal to substantially 8.0 mm.
  • a drafting apparatus as defined in claim 1 said mounted turnable member including a plurality of engaging sections each adapted to engage one of said drafting pens and arranged to be placed individually into registry with said holding means for engagement of the shaft portion of the respective pen by said holding means.
  • a drafting apparatus as defined in claim 8 said drafting pens extending in at least substantial parallelism with said axis, and being shiftable in direction of said axis between an advanced working position and a retracted idle position.
US841067A 1968-10-04 1969-07-11 Drafting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3628252A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681801024 DE1801024A1 (de) 1968-10-04 1968-10-04 Zeichentisch

Publications (1)

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US3628252A true US3628252A (en) 1971-12-21

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US (1) US3628252A (de)
CH (1) CH525096A (de)
DE (1) DE1801024A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2019881A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1224584A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433930A1 (fr) * 1978-07-24 1980-03-21 Howmedica Instrument de topographie dentaire
US4577409A (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-03-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Pen changing apparatus for plotter
USD389517S (en) 1997-02-11 1998-01-20 Lisa Deborah Frank Chalk holder

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US978012A (en) * 1910-01-06 1910-12-06 Millard J Klaw Pantographic pyrograph.
US2050058A (en) * 1933-05-17 1936-08-04 Keuffel & Esser Co Scriber
US2699606A (en) * 1951-12-03 1955-01-18 Breau Anthony Attachment for pantograph engraving and copying machines
US3218717A (en) * 1963-10-18 1965-11-23 Gunnar B Hansen Structure for lettering scribers
US3238624A (en) * 1962-03-13 1966-03-08 Melpar Inc Printed circuit layout machine
US3398452A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-08-27 Universal Drafting Machine Cor Drafting-digitizing apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US978012A (en) * 1910-01-06 1910-12-06 Millard J Klaw Pantographic pyrograph.
US2050058A (en) * 1933-05-17 1936-08-04 Keuffel & Esser Co Scriber
US2699606A (en) * 1951-12-03 1955-01-18 Breau Anthony Attachment for pantograph engraving and copying machines
US3238624A (en) * 1962-03-13 1966-03-08 Melpar Inc Printed circuit layout machine
US3218717A (en) * 1963-10-18 1965-11-23 Gunnar B Hansen Structure for lettering scribers
US3398452A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-08-27 Universal Drafting Machine Cor Drafting-digitizing apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433930A1 (fr) * 1978-07-24 1980-03-21 Howmedica Instrument de topographie dentaire
US4205445A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-06-03 Howmedica, Inc. Dental surveyor
US4577409A (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-03-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Pen changing apparatus for plotter
USD389517S (en) 1997-02-11 1998-01-20 Lisa Deborah Frank Chalk holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1801024A1 (de) 1970-04-16
CH525096A (de) 1972-07-15
FR2019881A1 (de) 1970-07-10
GB1224584A (en) 1971-03-10

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