US3632411A - Method of finishing galvanized wire - Google Patents

Method of finishing galvanized wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US3632411A
US3632411A US810982A US3632411DA US3632411A US 3632411 A US3632411 A US 3632411A US 810982 A US810982 A US 810982A US 3632411D A US3632411D A US 3632411DA US 3632411 A US3632411 A US 3632411A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strand
coating
bath
tube
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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US810982A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marvin L Stark
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Wire Rope Corp of America Inc
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Armco Inc
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Assigned to WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED, A CT CORP. reassignment WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED, A CT CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ARMCO INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED reassignment WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/22—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness by rubbing, e.g. using knives, e.g. rubbing solids

Definitions

  • the nonoxidizing atmosphere is maintained in a tube at a temperature in the range of 850 to 950 F. through which the strand is withdrawn from the bath with substantial clearance, the tube having one end submerged in the coating metal bath and being supplied with gas at low pressure to provide a nonoxidizing atmosphere therein.
  • PATENTED JAE 4 I972 lNVENTOR/S ATTORNEYS METHOD OF FINISHING GALVANIZED WIRE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the continuous hot dip coating of a ferrous strand with zinc, and has as its primary objective the production of Tube 3" coated wire. (The same weight of coating is designated Type 3 or Type A by the American Iron and Steel institute, and Class 3 by the American Society for Testing and Materials.)
  • Type 1 coating requires a minimum coating weight of 0.20 to 0.40 ounces of coating metal per square foot of uncoated wire surface for wire gauges 7 to 14%;
  • Type 2 coating requires a minimum weight in the range of 0.40 to 0.60 ounces per square foot; and
  • Type 3 coating requires a minimum coating weight of 0.80 ounces per square foot of wire surface for wire gauges 7 through 12%, and a minimum coating weight of 0.60 ounces per square foot for 14% gauge wire.
  • Type 3 coated wire with a high degree of consistency.
  • the preferred practice generally involves the mechanical finishing of the coating by means of a nonwettable die of the type described in US Pat. Nos. 2,914,423 and 3,060,889 in the name of Earle L. Knapp.
  • the die described in those patents is clean, good-quality Type 3 wire is obtained.
  • accumulation of material at the face of the die rapidly causes a deterioration in the quality of the coated product, and in some cases, a reduction in the coating weight.
  • the art as described above successfully produces prime Type 3 wire less than 50 percent of the operating time.
  • the method of this invention contemplates that in accordance with conventional practice a ferrous base metal strand is so treated as to render its surface clean and receptive to the molten coating metal.
  • the coating bath includes primarily molten zinc, with less than a specified quantity of lead, and including a small amount of aluminum.
  • the strand is withdrawn from the bath of molten metal in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and without mechanically contacting or otherwise finishing the molten coating metal adhering to the strand.
  • This nonoxidizing atmosphere is maintained at least above the top of the meniscus of the coating metal drawn above the bath surface by the moving strand.
  • the elongate tube assists in maintaining the nonoxidizing atmosphere at the meniscus without a restricted clearance.
  • the apparatus according to this invention includes a tube of any material which does not react readily with molten zinc, and having an inside diameter which is substantially greater than the diameter of the base strand, so that the base strand can pass through the tube with substantial clearance.
  • One end of this tube is maintained immmersed a short distance in the coating bath, and the tube is supplied with gas at a low enough pressure that it exerts substantially no effect on the coating metal, and yet provides a nonoxidizing atmosphere. The extent of this atmosphere will be determined by the length of the tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exemplary coating apparatus according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • the continuous hot dip coating of a ferrous strand includes the step of thoroughly cleaning or otherwise preparing the surface of the base metal to receive the molten coating metal.
  • the surface preparation of the strand does not per se form a part of this invention, but it is to be understood that satisfactory surface preparation will have taken place prior to the time the ferrous strand arrives at the coating metal bath.
  • FIG. I it will be assumed that the surface of the ferrous strand to be coated has been thoroughly cleaned in preparation to receive the molten coating metal.
  • the strand is indicated at 10, and will be understood that a suitable protective atmosphere will be provided up until the time the strand actually enters the coating metal bath.
  • the molten metal in the bath will be composed primarily of molten zinc.
  • the molten zinc bath must include not more than 0.25 percent lead in order to achieve a smooth, commercially acceptable coating.
  • the ferrous strand As the ferrous strand emerges from the molten coating metal bath, it will draw with it a quantity of molten coating metal. According to this invention, the molten coating adhering to the strand is not mechanically contacted or finished in any way.
  • the tube' indicated generally at 14 is provided.
  • This tube may be formed of cast iron, or any other material which does not readily react with molten zinc.
  • the lowermost end of the tube 14 is immersed in the coating metal bath, and the interior of the tube is supplied with gas under low pressure to maintain the nonoxidizing atmosphere referred to above.
  • the lowermost end of the tube be immersed in the coating metal far enough to maintain a seal in spite of normal variations in bath level.
  • the tube 14 includes a lower portion 16 having a bore 18.
  • the diameter of the bore 18 is substantially greater than the diameter of the wire or strand being coated.
  • the bore 18 must be at least two times the diameter of the wire, but not more than about five times the diameter of the wire.
  • coating weights increase gradually with increasing bore size up to the upper limit just mentioned. Increasing the bore diameter beyond this limit results in a rough coating. It is believed that this roughness is due to the periodic breaking of the meniscus of the coating metal.
  • the bore should vary from about threeeighths inch minimum to 1 inch maximum. Because of the normal alignment problem, it is preferred that the bore be no smaller than one-quarter inch even for the finest wire such as 16 gauge 0.0625 inches).
  • the upper portion of the tube includes a bore 20 which is somewhat smaller in diameter than the bore 18. It will be seen that the diameter of this bore is also substantially greater than the diameter of the wire being coated. It has been found advantageous to neck down the upper portion of the bore to assist in maintaining the nonoxidizing atmosphere mentioned earlier. Once again, however, the smaller bore 20 must be large enough that there is no contact between the coated wire and the tube itself even with normal alignment problems. It is to be preferred that the smallest inside diameter of the tube be on the order of two times the diameter of the coated wire, and not smaller than one-quarter inch.
  • the upper portion of the tube 14 is provided with the annular groove 22 which acts in effect as a plenum chamber for the nonoxidizing gas.
  • Communication between the groove and the interior of the tube is provided by a plurality of passages 24 which are radially spaced about the tube. The drawing illustrates four such passages equally spaced about the tube and angled downwardly at an angle of approximately 45.
  • these passages be angled downwardly somewhat in order to insure that the gas introduced therethrough will fill the inside of the tube to positively maintain the nonoxidizing atmosphere.
  • the tube 14 is held in the holder 26 by means of the retaining ring 28. As indicated in FIG. 2, the holder communicates with a suitable supply of nonoxidizing gas via the pipe 30. Gas in the pipe 30 goes through the passage 32 in the holder into the groove 22 described above, and from there into the interior of the tube via the passages 24.
  • natural gas is supplied to the pipe 30 at room temperature and at a relatively low pressure.
  • the pressure is on the order of one-quarter ounce per square foot so it has no effect on displacing the coating. It is preferred that the gas be ignited, and the above pressure will be sufficient to burn a flame approximately 2 inches above the top of the tube 14.
  • the primary factors which affect coating weight are the speed of wire passage through the bath, the temperature of the wire upon entering the bath, and the diameter of the tube. Generally speaking, it has been found that the greater the wire speed, the heavier the coating.
  • wire temperature With respect to wire temperature, it has been found that the wire must enter the bath at a temperature in the range of 850 to 950 F. The preferred range 15 850 to 900 F. It has been found that at temperatures below 850 F, the coating is so rough as to be not commercially acceptable. Above 950 F., it is difficult to maintain minimum coating weights.
  • line 10 after "tube” insert having an inside diameter between two and five times the diameter of the strand Column 1, line 6, please delete “Tube 3" and insert Type 3 Column 3, line 15, following the word “gauge” insert In Claim 1, column t, lines 37,38, please delete "having an inside diameter between two and five times the diameter of the strand” and insert at a temperature in the range of 850 F. to 950 F.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
US810982A 1969-03-27 1969-03-27 Method of finishing galvanized wire Expired - Lifetime US3632411A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81098269A 1969-03-27 1969-03-27

Publications (1)

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US3632411A true US3632411A (en) 1972-01-04

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US810982A Expired - Lifetime US3632411A (en) 1969-03-27 1969-03-27 Method of finishing galvanized wire

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3632411A (fr)
BE (1) BE746828A (fr)
CA (1) CA931446A (fr)
DE (1) DE2013360A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES377409A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2039670A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1292921A (fr)
NL (1) NL7002916A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4107357A (en) * 1975-09-16 1978-08-15 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for effecting one side molten metal plating
US4282273A (en) * 1978-04-10 1981-08-04 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process and apparatus for galvanizing a wire
EP0038036A1 (fr) * 1980-04-11 1981-10-21 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Dispositif travaillant sous une atmosphère protectrice et utilisant un gaz pour éliminer l'excès de métal fondu ainsi que méthode d'utilisation dudit dispositif
EP0038975A1 (fr) * 1980-04-11 1981-11-04 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Dispositif pour éliminer l'excès de métal utilisant des jets de gaz et méthode d'utilisation dudit dispositif
EP0039422A3 (en) * 1980-04-11 1981-12-16 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of preventing defects in aluminium-zinc alloy coatings obtained by a hot-dip process, and apparatus therefor
US4330574A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-05-18 Armco Inc. Finishing method for conventional hot dip coating of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal
US4421054A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-12-20 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for preventing surface blemishes on aluminum-zinc alloy coatings
US5644833A (en) * 1994-06-23 1997-07-08 D & L Incorporated Method of making dry, lubricated ejector pins
US5814126A (en) * 1994-01-12 1998-09-29 Cook; Thomas H. Method and apparatus for producing bright and smooth galvanized coatings
US6921435B2 (en) * 2001-08-10 2005-07-26 Konica Corporation Apparatus and method for coating electro-photographic sensitive members, and electro-photographic sensitive members made thereby

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU559752B2 (en) * 1982-12-24 1987-03-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Hot-dipping an elongated body
GB2281309B (en) * 1993-08-27 1997-04-23 Boc Group Plc A method of galvanising

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1430649A (en) * 1922-03-06 1922-10-03 Joseph L Herman Process of coating and treating materials having an iron base
US2010941A (en) * 1932-12-27 1935-08-13 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing apparatus
US2063721A (en) * 1934-10-08 1936-12-08 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing apparatus
US2111826A (en) * 1935-12-09 1938-03-22 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing process
US2166250A (en) * 1936-04-02 1939-07-18 Joseph L Herman Method of coating metallic materials
US2374926A (en) * 1941-10-11 1945-05-01 Colin G Fink Process of coating with tin or other metals
US2526731A (en) * 1945-02-13 1950-10-24 Armco Steel Corp Method of and apparatus for coating metallic strands with a metal coating
US3056694A (en) * 1958-07-11 1962-10-02 Inland Steel Co Galvanizing process
US3468695A (en) * 1964-07-02 1969-09-23 Alfred P Federman Method of coating a steel base with aluminum
US3510345A (en) * 1967-11-01 1970-05-05 Gen Electric Apparatus and method for automatically controlling the molten metal bath level in a metallurgical process

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1430649A (en) * 1922-03-06 1922-10-03 Joseph L Herman Process of coating and treating materials having an iron base
US2010941A (en) * 1932-12-27 1935-08-13 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing apparatus
US2063721A (en) * 1934-10-08 1936-12-08 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing apparatus
US2111826A (en) * 1935-12-09 1938-03-22 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing process
US2166250A (en) * 1936-04-02 1939-07-18 Joseph L Herman Method of coating metallic materials
US2374926A (en) * 1941-10-11 1945-05-01 Colin G Fink Process of coating with tin or other metals
US2526731A (en) * 1945-02-13 1950-10-24 Armco Steel Corp Method of and apparatus for coating metallic strands with a metal coating
US3056694A (en) * 1958-07-11 1962-10-02 Inland Steel Co Galvanizing process
US3468695A (en) * 1964-07-02 1969-09-23 Alfred P Federman Method of coating a steel base with aluminum
US3510345A (en) * 1967-11-01 1970-05-05 Gen Electric Apparatus and method for automatically controlling the molten metal bath level in a metallurgical process

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4107357A (en) * 1975-09-16 1978-08-15 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for effecting one side molten metal plating
US4282273A (en) * 1978-04-10 1981-08-04 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process and apparatus for galvanizing a wire
US4330574A (en) * 1979-04-16 1982-05-18 Armco Inc. Finishing method for conventional hot dip coating of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal
EP0038036A1 (fr) * 1980-04-11 1981-10-21 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Dispositif travaillant sous une atmosphère protectrice et utilisant un gaz pour éliminer l'excès de métal fondu ainsi que méthode d'utilisation dudit dispositif
EP0038975A1 (fr) * 1980-04-11 1981-11-04 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Dispositif pour éliminer l'excès de métal utilisant des jets de gaz et méthode d'utilisation dudit dispositif
EP0039422A3 (en) * 1980-04-11 1981-12-16 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of preventing defects in aluminium-zinc alloy coatings obtained by a hot-dip process, and apparatus therefor
US4310572A (en) * 1980-04-11 1982-01-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method for wiping hot dip metallic coatings
US4421054A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-12-20 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for preventing surface blemishes on aluminum-zinc alloy coatings
US5814126A (en) * 1994-01-12 1998-09-29 Cook; Thomas H. Method and apparatus for producing bright and smooth galvanized coatings
US5644833A (en) * 1994-06-23 1997-07-08 D & L Incorporated Method of making dry, lubricated ejector pins
US6921435B2 (en) * 2001-08-10 2005-07-26 Konica Corporation Apparatus and method for coating electro-photographic sensitive members, and electro-photographic sensitive members made thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE746828A (fr) 1970-08-17
GB1292921A (en) 1972-10-18
CA931446A (en) 1973-08-07
DE2013360A1 (de) 1970-10-01
FR2039670A5 (fr) 1971-01-15
ES377409A1 (es) 1972-12-01
NL7002916A (fr) 1970-09-29

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED, A

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO INC.;REEL/FRAME:004860/0649

Effective date: 19880314

Owner name: WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED, 60

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO INC.;REEL/FRAME:004860/0649

Effective date: 19880314

AS Assignment

Owner name: WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WIRE ROPE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:005029/0103

Effective date: 19881014