US3635702A - Copper-nickel alloys of high-yield strength - Google Patents

Copper-nickel alloys of high-yield strength Download PDF

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Publication number
US3635702A
US3635702A US741780A US3635702DA US3635702A US 3635702 A US3635702 A US 3635702A US 741780 A US741780 A US 741780A US 3635702D A US3635702D A US 3635702DA US 3635702 A US3635702 A US 3635702A
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percent
alloys
alloy
cast
nickel
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US741780A
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English (en)
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Frank A Badia
Frank J Ansuini
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
    • Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component

Definitions

  • cupronickels are illustrative of such cast articles, articles which find constant use.
  • cupronickels these alloys have served well but labor under the drawback of affording but limited yield strengths, about l5,000-l8,000 p.s.i. being typical.
  • the present invention is addressed primarily to the specific objective of boosting this strength plateau to as high as 50,000 p.s.i., but doing so while maintaining an acceptable level of other desirable properties for which the conventional cast cupronickels are noted.
  • the invention also contemplates providing corrosion-resistant, weldable, copper-nickel alloys in both the cast and wrought forms possessing yield strengths in excess of about 40,000 and as high as 50,000 p.s.i. or more, the alloys also being characterized by satisfactory ductility, toughness, etc.
  • FIGS. l and 2 depict curves illustrating the effect of nickel content on yield strength and tensile elongation of cast and wrought copper-nickel-chromium-silicon alloys, respectively.
  • the present invention contemplates high strength copper-nickel alloys containing (in percent by weight) about 9 percent or 10 to 38 percent nickel, with the proviso that the nickel content is (a) at least 20 percent, and most advantageously at least 28 percent, for east alloys, but (b) does not exceed 30 percent, and
  • alloys in wrought form about 1 to 2.1 percent chromium, about 0.2 to 0.6 percent silicon, up to 0.8 percent zirconium, up to 3 percent manganese, up to 0.5 percent titanium, and the balance essentially copper.
  • the alloys should contain about 0.05 percent zirconium or more.
  • up to 5 percent cobalt, up to l percent columbium, up to 0.5 percent aluminum, up to 2 percent tin and up to 2 percent zinc can be present. Small amounts of carbon can be tolerated.
  • constituents such as bismuth, lead, selenium, tellurium, sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.
  • HZ heat affected zone
  • the amount of nickel present must be controlled depending upon whether a cast or wrought alloy is desired.
  • the nickel content should not be less than 20 percent for cast alloys; otherwise, unacceptably low yield strengths can result. It is considerably significant that the nickel content be at least 28 percent for castings since it has been determined that in cast was used. On ladling, the alloys tend to form a relatively heavy skin. To offset this, the use of a baffled ladle (teapot) is recommended since it simulates bottom pouring and minimizes interference from this surface skin.
  • nickel imparts its maximum strengthening effect over a 5 Testing consisted of a determination of tensile properties, range of about 28 to 35 percent. Moreover, within this latter p icate 2 2411811 iameter n ile bars being used. The nickel range the allows are more ductile, notwithstanding they compositions, yield and tensile Strengths and il l ng concurrently exhibit greater strength. This is in contrast to lion are given in table mill!ded in table I are o g ys usual metallurgical behavior in which increases in strength are E and G taken from the ASM Transactions article Y attained at the expense of ductility.
  • alloy A is representative of a were maintained over the following narrow ranges of composition: 1.37 to 1.6 percent chromium, 0.35 to 0.6 percent silicon, 0.4 to 0.54 percent manganese, to 0.69 to 0.9 percent (nominal) iron, balance copper and impurities.
  • nickel in the wrought alloys is in marked contrast with its function in the cast versions. As is illustrated in FIG. 2, nickel confers its strongest influence with respect to strength over the rangeof about 18 percent or 19 to 27 percent. As can be seen from the curves, a loss of strength is experienced with nickel contents above about 27 percent in the wrought alloys.
  • This nickel role not only differs from its mode of behavior in the cast alloys but is also quite different from that role portrayed in the high-chromium alloys discussed in the ASM article referred to above herein. In the case of these latter alloys, :1 minimum nickel content of 28 or 30 percent was much preferred for best overall properties, including strength. That this is not the case with the subject alloys is clear from FIG.
  • a series of cast copper-nickel alloys were prepared in which electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic iron and remelt stock were used as a basic charge.
  • 0.05 percent silicon was introduced as a preliminary deoxidation step and to minimize subsequent loss of more reactive metals.
  • manganesetelectrolytic or ferroalloy manganesetelectrolytic or ferroalloy
  • chromium vacuum grade or as n Ni-SO percent Cr master alloy
  • silicon were added.
  • a final dcoxidant usually 0.05 percent titanium.
  • Alloys D and E reflect that in wrought high-chromium cupronickels (3-5.5 percent chromium) increasing the silicon content from 0.15 percent (alloy D) to 0.34 percent (alloy E) did not result in any significant increase in yield strength.
  • cast alloy F of high chromium content also shows this same type of behavior.
  • Alloy H is indicative of the fact that raising the chromium level to 1.2 percent in wrought low-silicon alloys leaves much to be desired by way of strength.
  • alloys H and J With respect to alloys H and J, the former illustrates that for cast alloys nickel contents on the order of about 14.8 percent fail to afford a minimum yield strength of 40,000 p.s.i., irrespective of the fact that both the chromium and silicon levels are otherwise well within the subject invention. Alloy .1 demonstrates that though the percentages of nickel and chromium be within the scope of the invention low yield strengths still obtain in the presence of silicon contents appreciablybelow about 0.2 percent.
  • alloys both outside the invention alloys M, N and O
  • alloy 8 an alloy higher ductility would be required up to 27 percent or 28 percent nickel can be used while still retaining a very high strength plateau.
  • alloy H represents a composition outside the present invention for within the invention.
  • nickel range of from 17 to 23 percent is extremely satisfactory.
  • a somewhat A cast plate of composition similar to that used in example I but to which zirconium was added was also subjected to the T16 bead test.
  • the plate specimen contained about 29.0 percent nickel, 1.30 percent chromium, 0.37 percent silicon, 0.35
  • EXAMPLE 4 A cast alloy in accordance with claim 2 in which the Both TIG bead and butt welding tests were conducted as in nickel content is from 28 to percent. example II in respect of a cast plate(s) containing 0.06 percent 5.
  • a cast alloy in accordance with claim 5 having high retitanium and with the remainder being essentially copper.
  • gers, tube sh ts, condensers, etc are illustrative of various 15.
  • a welded structure in uses to which these alloys can be put.
  • the wrought which at least one welded component is formed from an alloy alloys can be produced in various mill forms, including strip, in accordance with laim 5,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US741780A 1968-07-01 1968-07-01 Copper-nickel alloys of high-yield strength Expired - Lifetime US3635702A (en)

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US (1) US3635702A (fr)
AT (1) AT289407B (fr)
BE (1) BE735461A (fr)
CH (1) CH508050A (fr)
DE (1) DE1932990A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2012076A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1213440A (fr)
SE (1) SE346334B (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3207247A1 (de) * 1982-02-25 1983-09-08 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Schweissgeeignete, korrosionsbestaendige kupfer-nickel-legierung
US4569702A (en) * 1984-04-11 1986-02-11 Olin Corporation Copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry
US4944915A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-07-31 Poongsan Corporation Copper alloys for electrical and electronic parts and its manufacturing process
US4950154A (en) * 1989-07-03 1990-08-21 Moberg Clifford A Combination injection mold and sprue bushing
US5020770A (en) * 1988-05-12 1991-06-04 Moberg Clifford A Combination of mold and alloy core pin
WO1997022472A1 (fr) * 1995-12-18 1997-06-26 Olin Corporation Dispositif de connexion electrique recouvert d'etain
US5780172A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-07-14 Olin Corporation Tin coated electrical connector
US5911949A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-06-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Abrasion resistant copper alloy
US6083633A (en) * 1997-06-16 2000-07-04 Olin Corporation Multi-layer diffusion barrier for a tin coated electrical connector
US6759142B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2004-07-06 Kobe Steel Ltd. Plated copper alloy material and process for production thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106916996B (zh) * 2015-12-28 2019-02-05 北京有色金属研究总院 一种低温超高韧耐磨铜合金及其制备方法
CN108220896B (zh) * 2016-12-14 2020-02-18 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 一种超低摩擦系数的白铜/Ni-MoS2复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB338676A (en) * 1929-10-14 1930-11-27 George Hewit Whiteman Improvements in or relating to non-ferrous alloys
US2430306A (en) * 1941-04-23 1947-11-04 American Brass Co Precipitation hardenable copper, nickel, tantalum (or columbium) alloys
US2772963A (en) * 1953-11-06 1956-12-04 Int Nickel Co Inert-gas shielded-arc welding of 90-10 type copper-nickel material
US2891860A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-06-23 Thomas L Woolard Copper base brazing alloy
US3063833A (en) * 1959-12-14 1962-11-13 Ingersoll Rand Co New metal alloy material and method of heat treating
US3253911A (en) * 1962-05-03 1966-05-31 Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd Copper rich alloys

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB338676A (en) * 1929-10-14 1930-11-27 George Hewit Whiteman Improvements in or relating to non-ferrous alloys
US2430306A (en) * 1941-04-23 1947-11-04 American Brass Co Precipitation hardenable copper, nickel, tantalum (or columbium) alloys
US2772963A (en) * 1953-11-06 1956-12-04 Int Nickel Co Inert-gas shielded-arc welding of 90-10 type copper-nickel material
US2891860A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-06-23 Thomas L Woolard Copper base brazing alloy
US3063833A (en) * 1959-12-14 1962-11-13 Ingersoll Rand Co New metal alloy material and method of heat treating
US3253911A (en) * 1962-05-03 1966-05-31 Yorkshire Imp Metals Ltd Copper rich alloys

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Trans. of AIME, Inst. of Metals Div., Vol. 175, Feb. 1948 pages 283 295 *
Transactions of ASM, Vol. 60, 1967, pages 395 401, 403, 407 408 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3207247A1 (de) * 1982-02-25 1983-09-08 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Schweissgeeignete, korrosionsbestaendige kupfer-nickel-legierung
US4569702A (en) * 1984-04-11 1986-02-11 Olin Corporation Copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry
US4642146A (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-02-10 Olin Corporation Alpha copper base alloy adapted to be formed as a semi-solid metal slurry
US5020770A (en) * 1988-05-12 1991-06-04 Moberg Clifford A Combination of mold and alloy core pin
US4944915A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-07-31 Poongsan Corporation Copper alloys for electrical and electronic parts and its manufacturing process
US4950154A (en) * 1989-07-03 1990-08-21 Moberg Clifford A Combination injection mold and sprue bushing
WO1997022472A1 (fr) * 1995-12-18 1997-06-26 Olin Corporation Dispositif de connexion electrique recouvert d'etain
US5780172A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-07-14 Olin Corporation Tin coated electrical connector
US5916695A (en) * 1995-12-18 1999-06-29 Olin Corporation Tin coated electrical connector
US5911949A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-06-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Abrasion resistant copper alloy
US6083633A (en) * 1997-06-16 2000-07-04 Olin Corporation Multi-layer diffusion barrier for a tin coated electrical connector
US6759142B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2004-07-06 Kobe Steel Ltd. Plated copper alloy material and process for production thereof
US20040209112A1 (en) * 2001-07-31 2004-10-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Plated copper alloy material and process for production thereof
US6939621B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2005-09-06 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Plated copper alloy material and process for production thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE346334B (fr) 1972-07-03
AT289407B (de) 1971-02-15
CH508050A (fr) 1971-05-31
GB1213440A (en) 1970-11-25
FR2012076A1 (fr) 1970-03-13
DE1932990A1 (de) 1970-01-15
BE735461A (fr) 1970-01-02

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