US3636868A - Energy-dissipative improvement in high-speed print hammer mechanisms - Google Patents

Energy-dissipative improvement in high-speed print hammer mechanisms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3636868A
US3636868A US863826A US3636868DA US3636868A US 3636868 A US3636868 A US 3636868A US 863826 A US863826 A US 863826A US 3636868D A US3636868D A US 3636868DA US 3636868 A US3636868 A US 3636868A
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Prior art keywords
hammer
energy
members
kinetic energy
stop
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US863826A
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Lynn M Johnston
Chester G Jones
Harold D Neal
Samuel A Redman
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NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/42—Hammer-impression mechanisms with anti-rebound arrangements

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  • ABSTRACT A cooperative plurality of energy-dissipating means is incorporated into a high-speed mechanism so as to be sequentially activated and be operative upon a working member for timely extraction of precise quantities of excess kinetic energy and for producing long life and bounce-free fast operation of the working member. Incorporation of the invention into a highspeed printer wherein energy absorption from components of the printer is accomplished via structurally improved members is also disclosed.
  • the invention pertains to improvements in the structure and operation of a high-speed mechanism and especially to improvements in solenoid-actuated printer mechanisms employed as peripheral equipment in electronic data-processing systems.
  • the invention further relates to structures and methods employed to remove discrete quantities of kinetic energy from members of a printer mechanism at sequential parts of the operating cycle; through energy removal, bounce-free printing at a high rate of speed and with long component life is achieved.
  • the prior art speaks of the elements placed across the inductive coil in terms of their ability to limit coil voltage or in terms of their effect upon the current decay and mechanical time constants in the coil but does not consider them as part of a unified approach to dissipating energy from a moving member in a highspeed mechanism, as does the present invention.
  • the prior art in high-speed printing mechanisms discloses the use of a stationary member located within the enclosure defined by the printing hammer and its cantilever mounting springs to engage one cantilever spring at the hammers most forward position of travel and the other cantilever spring at the hammer's most rearward position of travel and by such engagement to halt motion of the hammer member near the desired forward and rearward travel extremities.
  • the present invention provides for comprehensive sequential removal of excess kinetic energy from members of a highspeed printing mechanism in order that rapid printing free of undesirable bounce effects may be achieved and long operating life-be realized in the highly stressed members of a printing mechanism.v
  • the invention concerns a combination of energy dissipative methods and structures which are activated in sequence as the hammer is operated through a cycle of printing.
  • One dissipation means is operative via inductive and electrical coupling with the print hammer driving member and is capable of removing a major quantity of the energy to be dissipated. Effective utilization of this major capability provides a new method of hammer operation of a high-speed printer.
  • FIG. I of the drawings is an essential elements representation of a printer mechanism employing an energy dissipation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings is a curve showing the relationship between time and displacement for a print hammer actuating member in a printer mechanism operating in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 of the drawings is a partial assembly view of a printer mechanism having a plurality of printing hammers and made in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 of the drawings shows an electrical circuit coupled to an actuating solenoid of a printer mechanism for excitation and energy-dissipative purposes.
  • the energy-dissipative system of the present invention is disclosed by way of embodiment in a high-speed printing mechanism; utility of the invention is not limited to the printer art, however.
  • a person skilled in the art of high-speed mechanism design will appreciate that the invention may also be applied in other mechanisms, such as textile machinery; business machines, including high-speed punches and sorting machines; and any mechanism having a high-speed moving member whose kinetic energy must be decreased during part of an operating cycle.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown a high-speed printing mechanism in which the present invention is embodied.
  • the mechanism shown in FIG. I may be classified as a highperformance printing mechanism in relation to its prior art counterparts.
  • the illustrated mechanism is capable of operating with printing energy levels near 200,000 ergs while operating at a printing velocity near 200 inches per second and at rates up to 3,000 lines per minute.
  • the FIG. I mechanism is improved over the prior art from the viewpoint of overall printing speed, since it is possible, in this mechanism, for the hammer to leave rest position, strike the media to be printed, and return to home position within 5% milliseconds. In operation of the mechanism, time greater than this 5% milliseconds is allowed in order that mechanism parts may settle out or reach quiescent equilibrium before initiation of the next excitation event.
  • the present invention also pertains to improved techniques for accomplishing this settling out through kinetic energy dissipation from the mechanism members.
  • the mechanism of FIG. I also provides desirable performance from the viewpoint of operating life; a life measured in hundreds of millions of printing cycles is commonly experienced for a mechanism such as that shown. This life is possible largely through the incorporation of energy-dissipative improvements which are part of the present invention.
  • FIG. I The mechanism of FIG. I is shown to have major elements identified as a movable printing hammer member 28, a hammer-actuating solenoid assembly 54, a hammer backstop assembly 24, and a hammer penetration stop assembly 55.
  • a type carrier 152 and a ribbon, paper, and carbon complex -151 is shown.
  • Printing performance of the FIG. 1 printer embodiment is significantly improved by an array of energy-absorbing means which are activated in selected portions of the printer cycle and which serve to remove precise quantities of kinetic energy from the mechanism during desired portions of the operating cycle.
  • This array of energy-absorbing means includes a cooperating arrangement of five separate energy-absorbing means each active in a successively later portion of the operat ing cycle.
  • FIG. I the mechanism in which the invention is embodied is shown in the quiescent state.
  • a spring 19 exerts a small force on the armature arm 17 to urge it into contact with the backstop assembly 24.
  • the force of the small spring I9 is transmitted to the printing hammer member 28 by way of a second spring member 29, named the pigtail spring member.
  • the force exerted by the small spring 19 and transmitted by the pigtail spring 29 is made sufficiently large to hold the hammer member 28 away from the paper to be printed (located across the top of the drawing, as shown by the numeral 151 in FIG. 3 of the drawings) and to hold the cantilever hammer support springs 31 in a neutral, or close to natural, position.
  • the end of the armature arm 17 in FIG. I is covered by a boot member 22, which engages both the stop assembly 24 and an impactand wear-resistant surface 42 on the end of the hammer member 28.
  • a boot member 22 which engages both the stop assembly 24 and an impactand wear-resistant surface 42 on the end of the hammer member 28.
  • an interface designated by the numeral 52 Between the hammer impact surface 42 and the armature arm boot 22 is an interface designated by the numeral 52; as shown in the quiescent position of FIG. I, the space at the interface 52 is small or nonexistent, since the hammer member 28 and the armature boot 22 are in physical contact with each other. In a later portion of the operating cycle, the space at 52 assumes larger dimensions.
  • the armature arm 17 is accelerated upward by the effect of an elec trical current flowing in the coils of the solenoid assembly 54. Acceleration of the armature arm 17 and the hammer assembly (which includes the hammer member 28 and the springs 31) continues until the airgap space between the armature member 20 and the stationary poles in the solenoid assembly 54 is reduced to zero. In the particular solenoid shown in FIG. 1, this airgap is located within the length of the solenoid coils so as to be invisible in the FIG. I view.
  • the solenoid armature 20 and the armature arm 17 are decelerated to zero velocity and, in so doing, dissipate kinetic energy in the form of heat and sound produced by elastic stretching of the metal parts in the solenoid assembly.
  • the hammers printing end insert 41 comes into contact with the paper I5] and the ribbon I50 (which are shown in FIG. 3) and accelerates these members toward the movable print font I52.
  • the hammer members penetration control stop engaging face 32 engages an energy-absorbing jacket 45, which surrounds the end of the penetration control adjustment arm 44.
  • the energy-absorbing jacket 45 which surrounds a portion of the penetration control arm 44, represents an embodiment of the first of five coordinated energyabso'rbing means which the present invention discloses.
  • the stop jacket 45 be composed of a material which is sufficiently hard and dimensionally stable to afford a predictable limit of travel for the hammer member 28 while yet having a degree of resilience and elasticity which permit deflection under impact and thereby absorption of energy from the hammer member.
  • the penetration control stop assembly 55 of FIG. I is also provided with an adjustable mounting which consists of a pivot 47 and an adjusting member 51 connected to a frame portion of the printer and having a threaded end portion which engages the stop arm 44 at 48. Since the stop arm 44 is not called upon to make large adjustments in the position of the jacket 45 but is required to have high rigidity upon impact, the distance between the pivot point 47 and the impact jacket 45 is made small on the adjustment arm.
  • the combination of energy absorption and high resolution position adjustment capability in the penetration stop assembly 55 represents a departure from normal high-speed printer practice; in many embodiments, it has been found difficult to provide the combined features of stop member rigidity, energy absorption capability, and easily changeable high resolution adjustment in a single assembly, as is illustrated in the FIG. I embodiment.
  • a second of the five coordinated energy-absorbing means disclosed in the present invention pertains to energy stored in the cantilever spring members 31 by virtue of their being masses moving at a high velocity (a velocity near 200 inches per second is possible in the FIG. 1 mechanism).
  • cantilever springs 31 are to avoid being forced into a curve having abrupt slope changes when the hammer member 28 and the spring members 31 have their forward motion arrested, it is necessary to recognize that the spring mass itself can retain sufficient kinetic energy to introduce a catenary curve (having abrupt changes of slope at each end) into the spring if movement of the hammer is arrested without corresponding arrest of spring motion.
  • the present invention provides energy-absorbing members for arresting motion of the cantilever springs during the time hammer motion is being arrested.
  • these energy-absorbing members are identified by the numerals 33 and 39. These energy-absorbing members function to both restrict the slope of the curvature into which the springs 31 conform and also extract kinetic energy from them, so that any period of oscillatory flexing by the springs is shortened.
  • the configuration of the energy-absorbing members 33 and 39 may be according to any one of several shapes.
  • the jacket 45 placed over the stop arms impacting face serves primarily as an energy-dissipating medium, it does permit some of the kinetic energy with which the hammer member 28 strikes the jacket to be returned to the hammer member 28, so that compressive deformation of the stop member jacket is a significant return force and to be included in the foregoing list.
  • a spring coefficient near 25 pounds of force per inch of deflection has been found desirable for the pigtail spring 29 in addition to an initial or preset force for the FIG. 1 mechanism.
  • FIG. 4 of the drawings there is shown a representation of the solenoid electrical windings 138, having terminals 137, which are connected to terminals 136 of an exciting circuit. (In FIG. 4, the two electrical coils of FIG. 1 are shown combined into a single coil having but two terminals.)
  • the terminal designates a source of electrical energy having, in the embodiment shown, a positive potential with respect to ground.
  • the numeral 131 in FIG. 4 designates an electronic device having the capability of controlling energy flow in the solenoid circuit.
  • a variety of devices such as a silicon controlled rectifier, a thyratron, or even a mechanical switch, may serve as the current control element at 131; the transistor shown in the FIG. 4 circuit may be operated either in the saturated switching mode or in the linear region of its curves to accomplish the current control function.
  • a driving circuit 145 which converts an input signal received at the terminal 123 into a form acceptable by the control element 131.
  • the electronic switch 131 which controls current flow in the electrical coil of the solenoid assembly 54, is caused to open and remove power from the electrical coils. Since the coils are inductive in nature and are in a circuit shunted by a conductive path, 133 and 134, current continues to flow in the coils after power removal but begins to decrease in magnitude at the instant of power removal and as energy is extracted from the system. At some time after the flow of energy into the electrical coil is interrupted by the switch member 131, cur rent in the solenoid windings will have fallen to a value sufficiently low to permit the solenoid armature 20 to leave its closed position of contacting the solenoid yoke.
  • FIG. 2 motion of the FIG. 1 printer hammer member 28 is plotted on a graph having hammer displacement as its vertical axis, and elapsed time as its horizontal axis, when the hammer is operated in the preferred mode outlined above
  • the numeral 116 represents the instant where power was first applied to the electrical coil of the solenoid assembly.
  • the symbol 117 is used to indicate the time the axis is compressed and not to scale between the time of power application at 116 and the commencement of hammer member 28 motion which occurs at I 18.
  • the third of five coordinated energy-dissipating means of this disclosure becomes effective in the events occurring at 112 and the following regions of the FIG. 2 curve.
  • the armature boot member 22 provides an impact energy absorption means which helps dissipate energy that would otherwise appear as prolonged bouncing at point 112 of the curve.
  • termination of current flow in the control transistor 131 occurs at a time early enough to insure that the solenoid armature is not yet magnetically held to the solenoid yoke, when the hammer 28 contacts the armature arm 17, in the present embodiment; that is, the solenoid has commenced opening by the time event 112 occurs.
  • This sequence has been found desirable in order that a large rebound peak at 113 may be prevented.
  • the boot member 22 for the armature arm it is desirable to employ a material which is capable of dissipating kinetic energy upon being impacted and which provides dimensional stability in a fashion similar to the material used for the jacket 45, located on the penetration stop arm 44. It is found that a material which is of the same family as that used for the penetration stop jacket 45 is satisfactory for the armature arm boot 22. Use of exactly the same material is precluded by the different loading, which includes frictional rubbing in the case of the armature arm boot 22. An example of a material composition which has been found satisfactory for the armature arm boot 22 is given in a later section of this disclosure.
  • This fourth of the five coordinated energy-absorbing means becomes important in describing mechanism behavior.
  • This fourth of the five coordinated energy-dissipating means concerns energy which is electrically transmitted to a dissipation device by way of magnetic coupling between moving and stationary members within some magnetic transducing apparatus in the FIG. 1 mechanism.
  • the important elements of this fourth energy-dissipating means are shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings for one embodiment of a magnetically coupled transdueing and dissipating apparatus.
  • the previously mentioned network comprising the diode 134 and the electrical resistance 133 in FIG. 4, serve to maintain solenoid current after opening of the control 'element 131 and to limit solenoid voltage upon opening of the control element 131 in the FIG. 1 mechanism, as is common in the prior art, but in the present invention these elements may also extract kinetic energy from moving members of the hammer mechanism. This extraction of kinetic energy occurs by way of the maintained magnetic flux which couples the moving solenoid armature 20 with the stationary solenoid yoke. In the present invention, magnetic flux within the solenoid coil is maintained during the return of the solenoid armature arm 17 to its home position, in order that kinetic energy may be extracted from the system magnetically.
  • FIG. 1 Other forms of magnetic coupling may be employed to extract kinetic energy from moving members of the FIG. 1 mechanism in lieu of magnetic coupling between the solenoid armature and the yoke which is employed in the FIG. 1 embodiment; for instance. the use of a permanent magnet and a coil attached directly to the armature arm 17 is entirely feasible.
  • a coil which is suitable for this purpose may be formed from a solid piece of metal attached to the armature arm; in such an embodiment, movement of the solid metal member within a magnetic field produces Eddy currents in the metal member; these Eddy currents serve to extract kinetic energy from the moving members by way of heating the metal member.
  • Magnetically coupled energy absorption components in FIG. 1 provide for kinetic energy extraction which is viscous in nature; that is, the rate of energy dissipation is proportional to the velocity of the moving member in a manner similar to the extraction process which occurs from moving an object in a viscous fluid.
  • kinetic energy extraction which is viscous in nature; that is, the rate of energy dissipation is proportional to the velocity of the moving member in a manner similar to the extraction process which occurs from moving an object in a viscous fluid.
  • the rate at which energy is removed from the solenoid coils and hence from the moving hammer and armature arm members 28 and 17 in the viscous electrical dissipating system may be adjusted by changing the value of the resistance 133; a low value at 133 providing a slow rate of retreat for the armature arm 17 and a slow rate of energy absorption, while a high value provides more rapid retreat and faster energy absorption.
  • the well-known rules governing behavior of current in an inductive circuit apply to the solenoid and energy-dissipating resistance if it is considered that both current and inductance are variable quantities.
  • An upper limit for the value of the resistance 133 is imposed by the necessity of maintaining the existence of magnetic flux within the solenoid 54 until the armature arm 17 has fully relaxed into its quiescent positionv If an excessively large value of resistance is employed at 133, the magnetic flux in the solenoid 54 will collapse rapidly upon opening of the control element 131, and no magnetic coupling between the solenoid armature 20 and the solenoid yoke will remain; without magnetic flux coupling between the solenoid armature and the solenoid yoke, energy could not be extracted electrically from the print hammer 28; to extract kinetic energy from the print hammer 28 electrically. the magnetic flux within the solenoid 54 must be maintained during the relaxation of the hammer and the armature arm into quiescent rest position. Premature total collapse of the magnetic field within the solenoid 54 would result in only the magnetic fields energy being dissipated at the resistance 133.
  • the energy extracted from the hammer member 28 may be conducted to the atmosphere at a selected and convenient point in the printer equipment, at a point remote from the hammer member 28 and the solenoid, where crowding and poor ventilation usually prevail;
  • a simple diode such as 134 may be employed to disable the extraction mechanism during excitation of the mechanism; by way of the diode 134, the dissipation mechanism does not deter from actuation performance ofthe printing mechanism.
  • the viscous electrical dissipating system is effective to remove kinetic energy from the moving parts.
  • the coupling between the moving parts and the electrical resistance via the solenoids magnetic field decreases, so that effectiveness of the viscous electrical system decreases.
  • the frictional energy-dissipating system which operates at the interface 52 between the hammer member 28 and the armature arm 17 is effective to remove energy from the moving parts.
  • the effectiveness of this frictional sliding as a dissipation means may be understood by realizing that the center of rotation about which the armature arm 17 moves is located at the solenoid pivot 43 in FIG. 1. Since the hammer member 28 moves in a straight line in a vertical plane and the armature arm boot member 22 moves along a path defining the circumference of a circle having its center at the pivot 43, it is clear that frictional sliding occurs at the interface 52in FIG. 1.
  • the frictional sliding at the interface 52 occurs while the members 22 and 42 are urged together by force from the pigtail spring 29.
  • the pigtail spring 29 provides a preset force which is effective to urge the hammer member 28 and the armature arm 17 into contact with each other.
  • the pigtail spring 29 in FIG. 1 performs functions in addition to providing frictional normal force across the interface 52, it is not possible to elect the frictional normal force with complete freedom.
  • a small preset force is provided for energy dissipation from the frictional members.
  • the frictional sliding energy dissipation at the interface 52 is considered to be a part of the third of the five coordinated energy dissipation means disclosed in this specification.
  • the impact between the hammer member 28 and the armature arm 17 at the interface 52 was identified as the third of the five coordinated energy dissipation means; although it is clear that the frictional sliding and the impact event are two separate dissipation mechanisms, the occurrence of both at the interface 52 suggests that they be combined for identification purposes in this description.
  • the viscous electrical energy dissipation is the fourth of the five energy dissipation means.
  • the fifth of the energy-dissipating means is embodied in the mechanism of FIG. I in the form of a portion of the armature arm boot 22 which strikes the backstop assembly 24 upon the return of the armature arm 17 and the hammer member 28 to the home position.
  • the quantity of energy to be absorbed in the backstop impact is a compromise; that is, the velocity of the hammer member 28 when it approaches the backstop assembly 24 can be relatively low or relatively high, depending upon the amount of hammer kinetic energy absorbed by the four previously named energydissipating means, and in particular depending upon the time allocated to absorption through the viscous electrical dissipation means.
  • the backstop member against which the rebounding at 115 in FIG. 2 occurs is shown cut away in FIG. 1, so that its internal structure may be viewed; in this view, the cutting line reveals that the backstop is composed of a solid member 25 mounted upon a threaded adjustment member 26, the entire assembly being held in position by a rigid support member 27.
  • the body portion 25 of the backstop member is composed of molded nylon or similar plastic material. It is intended that this body offer immunity to the repeated impacting of the armature arm 17 as a primary capability and, as a secondary function, offer energy absorption capability. Primary energy absorption capability in the backstop member is vested in the armature arm boot member 22, however.
  • Material used for the portion of the boot 22 which impacts with the body portion 25 of the backstop member has been found suitable for use in the portion of the boot which impacts with and frictionally contacts the hammer member 28 at the interface 52 in the illustrated embodiment of the invention.
  • This material is suitable for frictional contact between the hammer member 28 and the armature arm 17 primarily because the hammer members driving insert 41 is fabricated from a material having lubricating properties, such as an acetal filled with Teflon fibers.
  • Tefion is a trademark of E. i. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
  • the selection of materials for the armature arm boot 22 and the contacting member 25 of the backstop assembly 24 involves a compromise between materials which are, on one hand, relatively hard and capable of precisely defining the home position of the armature arm hammer assembly and thereby ahsorbing energy at a rate slow enough to result in some bouncing of the armature arm 17 (as shown at 115 in FIG. 2), and on the other hand selecting materials which are resilient enough and dissipative in nature so as to decrease the bounce tendency but provide nonprecise location of the armature arms quiescent home position.
  • the hammer member 28 For the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, it has been found desirable to fabricate the hammer member 28 with the body portion composed of nylon containing 40 percent glass fibers as a filler, and to employ a powdered metal insert at the hammers impacting end 41.
  • an insert member 42 At the driven end of the hammer member 28, an insert member 42 provides resistance to impact loading while also providing a lubricative surface for frictional engagement by the hammer-driving arm 17.
  • the driven end insert member 42 is most conveniently fabricated from a composite material having a base or vehicle portion, providing the desired dimensional stability and impact properties, and a filler or dispersed portion, which provides the lubricative properties.
  • a material having a base composition of acetal. such as Delrin
  • a filler composed of material such as Teflon has been found acceptable.
  • a specific material found satisfactory in the insert member 42 is designated Delrin A. F.” by its manufacturer, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company; it is composed of Delrin acetal having 14 percent Teflon fibers as a filler. This material may be fabricated by molding. Delrin" and Teflon" are trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
  • Neoprene rubber was found to have more desirable properties for this impact-absorption application than butyl rubber or foams of vinyl, polyurethane, or polyethylene.
  • the neoprene rubber energy-absorbing members are mounted with adhesive on adjacent rigid portions of the printer mechanism frame in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the material selected for the energy-dissipative impact face member of the penetration stop, the member 45 in the embodiment of FIG. 1, is required to have the combined properties of impact resistance, dimensional stability, energy absorption, and ease of fabrication.
  • Several families of materials have been found to have desirable combinations of these properties, but none exceeds material from the urethane family in overall performance.
  • urethane Within the urethane family, it was found that great variation is experienced for the different materials in the impact loading environment of the face member 45 of the penetration stop assembly 55. For instance, many of the common urethane materials failed after an operating life of less than 30 million cycles in the stop environment. A particularly troublesome failure of many materials in this service is gaseous decomposition induced by heat buildup and high temperature decom position within the urethane structure during repeated highduty cycle loading. To overcome this failure, it is desirable to employ a material whose temperature modulus profile exhibits a relatively long flat region. The temperature modulus profile graphically relates the modulus or resilience of the material as plotted on a vertical axis to the temperature of the material as plotted on a horizontal axis. A material having a relatively long flat temperature modulus profile has a modulus value which is nearly constant over a wide range of temperatures. For example, temperature modulus curves which are relatively flat between the temperature of IO C. and 160 C. are commonly available.
  • polyester polyurethane manufactured by American Cyanamid Corporation. This material is identified as a polyester polyurethane containing 4.0 to 4.3 percent free isocyanate; for this use, it is cured with a 25 to 75 percent combination of dichlorobenzidine and methylene bis(ortho-chloroaniline) at percent stoichiornetry.
  • One material which has been found satisfactory for use in the armature arm boot 22 is a Cyanaprene D5 polymer manufactured by American Cyanamid Corporation. in using this polymer, a curative, Cyanaset-H, a blend of dichlorobenzidine and methylene bis(ortho-chloroaniline), is employed with a stoichiometry of 100 percent.
  • the curative Cyanaset-H is also manufactured by American Cyanamid Corporation.
  • transfer molding apparatus is employed along with heated molding dies; demolding of the boot member 22 may occur after an initial curing in the mold of about l minutes duration at 212 F. Following demolding of the parts, a postcure of 16 hours at 212 F. is also employed.
  • urethane bonding agent such as one manufactured by Dayton Chemical Laboratories, Incorporated, of West Alexandria, Ohio, United States of America, and sold under the designation Thixon XAB-936. Thixon" is a trademark of the foregoing company.
  • resilient means connected between said working member and said exciting member and operable to reengage said working member with said external exciting member upon rebound of said working member following engagement with said work portion and while said external exciting member is yet displaced from a quiescent position from having propelled said working member
  • magnetic coupling and transducing apparatus mechanically connected with said external exciting member and electrically connected to an electrical network, said apparatus acting upon said external exciting member while said member is traveling toward said quiescent position from said displaced position and transducing kinetic energy possessed by said external exciting member and said working member into electrical energy, and
  • first resilient means connected to said printing hammer member and said external exciting member for reengaging said printing hammer member with said external exciting member following printing impact by said hammer member and while said exciting member is yet displaced as a result of having excited said hammer member
  • magnetoelectric transducing and coupling means mounted upon said frame member and coupled magnetically with said exciting member for transducing kinetic energy from said exciting member and said printing hammer member into electrical energy
  • said electrical solenoid is the same solenoid as that which excites said exciting member of said mechanism.
  • said exciting member comprises an exciting arm which is pivotally mounted and connected with an armature portion of said solenoid at one end thereof and engages said hammer member at the other end thereof, and
  • said first resilient means comprises a spring member which is permanently attached to said printing hammer member and removably attached to said external exciting member.
  • a high-speed printer mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imparting printed information to impacted media
  • drivable hammer member including a stop-member-engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being so supported as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a stop member connected to said frame member in a rigid manner and so located with respect to said drivable hammer member as to be engaged by said hammer stopmember-engaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array, whereby kinetic energy from said hammer member is transferred largely to said stop member and said type font array;
  • a forward cantilever flexure spring attached to said frame member and to said hammer member in a supporting manner
  • a rearward cantilever flexure spring attached to said frame member and to said hammer member in a supporting manner
  • excitation means capable of energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis
  • first and second energy-absorbing members being composed of resilient organic material configured into padlike members of a size at least equal to a substantial fraction of said flexure springs size and mounted in connection with said frame member,
  • said energy-absorbing members are capable of quickly arresting motion in said forward and rearward cantilever springs and extracting kinetic energy from said springs without subjecting said springs to large life-reducing flexure stresses.
  • said printer mechanism includes means for holding said flexure springs in a nonstraight and slightly cocked position while said hammer member rests in a quiescent home position, and
  • said padlike members are mounted at an acute angle with respect to the general locus of said nonstraight slightly cocked spring position, said acute angle having its vertex near the point where said flexure springs attached to said frame member,
  • a high-speed printing mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imprinting character information on a medium upon contact with said medium;
  • a drivable ballistic hammer member for bringing media into contact with said type font array, said hammer member including a stop-member-engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being so supported as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a hammer stop member connected to said frame member and so located with respect to said drivable ballistic hammer as to be engaged by said hammer stop-memberengaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array;
  • excitation means for energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis by way of a pivotally mounted actuating arm member which engages an end portion of said hammer member during a large portion of said printing mechanism s operating cycle;
  • a backstop member on said frame member and so located as to be engaged by retreating motion of said actuating arm member, said backstop member thereby being capable of determining the quiescent locus of said actuating arm and said print hammer members; resilient kinetic-energy-absorbing members mounted on said frame member in a position wherein engagement with each of said flexure support springs will occur when said hammer member engages said type font; a resilient kinetic-energy-dissipative face member, mounted on the hammer-engaging face of said hammer stop member, which is contacted by said hammer-stopmember-engaging portion of said hammer member when said hammer member engages said type font array; energy-dissipative face members mounted upon mutuallycontacting surfaces of said hammer member and said actuating arm member, at least one of said face members being deformable with resistance upon impact so as to be dissipative of impact-imparted kinetic energy,
  • said face members being urged into contact during a large portion of said printing mechanisms operating cycle by resilient urging means operative upon at least one of said hammer and actuating arm members to both urge said members into contacting concerted movement with respect to said frame member and increase kinetic-energydissipating sliding friction between said members during relative movement at said mutually contacting surface;
  • magnetic coupling and transducing means coupled to said actuating arm member and activatable by external control means to extract kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member as said members are urged into concerted movement by said resilient urging means, said extracted kinetic energy being converted into electrical energy by said magnetic coupling and transducing means and dissipated by an electrical network connected with said magnetic coupling and transducing means;
  • a kinetic-energy-dissipative impact face member mounted upon at least one of the mutually contacting surfaces of said actuating arm member or said backstop member, said face member acting to dissipate kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member upon impact as said members reach said quiescent home position.
  • said energy-dissipative impact face member for said hammer stop member is composed of prepolymer polyester urethane material with curative and having a relatively long temperature modulus profile;
  • one of said dissipative face members mounted upon mutually contacting surfaces of said hammer member and said actuating arm member is composed of acetal material having a lubricative filler dispersed therein;
  • the other of said face members is composed of an elastomeric prepolymer polyester urethane material with curative and having a relatively long temperature modulus profile;
  • said energy-dissipative impact face member engaged at said backstop and quiescent home positions is composed of an elastomeric prepolymer polyester urethane material with curative and having a relatively long temperature modulus profile.
  • a hi gh-speed printing mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imprinting character information on a medium upon contact with said medium;
  • a drivable ballistic hammer member for bringing media into contact with said type font array, said hammer member including a stop-member-engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being so supported as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a hammer stop member connected to said frame member and so located with respect to said drivable ballistic hammer as to be engaged by said hammer-stop-memberengaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array;
  • excitation means for energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis by way of a pivotally mounted actuating arm member which engages an end portion of said hammer member during a large portion of said printing mechanisms operating cycle;
  • resilient urging means operative upon at least one of said hammer and said actuating arm members for urging said members into contacting concerted movement with respect to said frame member during portions of the operating cycle of said high-speed printing mechanism;
  • a backstop member on said frame member and so iocated as to be engaged by retreating motion of said actuating arm member, said backstop member thereby being capable of determining the quiescent locus of said actuating arm and said print hammer members;
  • resilient kinetic-energy-absorbing members mounted on said frame member in a position wherein engagement with each of said flexure support springs will occur when said hammer member engages said type font;
  • a high-speed printing mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imprinting character information on a medium upon contact with said medium;
  • a drivable ballistic hammer member for bringing media into contact with said type font array, said hammer member including a stop member engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being supported so as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a hammer stop member connected to said frame member and located with respect to said drivable ballistic hammer so as to be engaged by said hammer stop member engaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array;
  • excitation means for energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis by way of a pivotally mounted actuating arm member which engages an end portion of said hammer member during a large portion of said printing mechanisms operating cycle;
  • a backstop member on said frame member and located so as to be engaged by retreating motion of said actuating member, said backstop member thereby being capable of determining the quiescent locus of said actuating arm and said print hammer members;
  • a resilient kinetic energy dissipative face member mounted on the hammer-engaging face of said hammer stop member which is contacted by said hammer-stopmember-engaging portion of said hammer member when said hammer member engages said type font array;
  • magnetic coupling and transducing means coupled to said actuating arm member and activatable by external control means to extract kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member as said members are urged into concerted movement by a resilient urging means, said extracted kinetic energy being converted into electrical energy by said magnetic coupling and transducing means and dissipated by an electrical network connected with said magnetic coupling and transducing means.
  • a high-speed printing mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imprinting character information on a medium upon contact with said medium;
  • a drivable ballistic hammer member for bringing media into contact with said type font array, said hammer member including a stop member engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being supported so as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a hammer stop member connected to said frame member and located with respect to said drivable ballistic hammer so as to be engaged by said hammer-stop-member-engaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array;
  • excitation means for energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis by way of a pivotally mounted actuating arm member which engages an end portion of said hammer member during a large portion of said printing mechanism's operating cycle;
  • a backstop member mounted on said frame member and located so as to be engaged by retreating motion of said actuating arm member, said backstop member thereby being capable of determining the quiescent locus of said actuating arm and said print hammer members;
  • a resilient kinetic energy dissipative face member mounted on the hammer-engaging face of said hammer stop member which is contacted by said hammer-stopmember-engaging portion of said hammer member when said hammer member engages said type font array;
  • kinetic energy dissipative impact face members mounted upon mutually contacting surfaces of each said actuating arm member and said backstop member, said face members dissipating kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member upon impact as said members reach said quiescent home position.
  • a high-speed printing mechanism comprising:
  • a type font array which is movably mounted with respect to said frame member and is capable of imprinting character information on a medium upon contact with said medium;
  • a drivable ballistic hammer member for bringing media into contact with said type font array, said hammer member including a stop-member-engaging portion integral therewith, said hammer member being supported so as to be freely movable along a longitudinal axis between a quiescent home position and a position engaging said type font array;
  • a hammer stop member connected to said frame member and located with respect to said drivable ballistic hammer so as to be engaged by said hammer-stop-member-engaging portion when said hammer member is in engagement with said type font array;
  • excitation means for energizing said hammer member into motion along said longitudinal axis by way of a pivotally mounted actuating arm member which engages an end portion of said hammer member during a large portion of said printing mechanism's operating cycle;
  • a backstop member mounted on said frame member and located so as to be engaged by retreating motion of said actuating arm member, said backstop member thereby being capable of determining the quiescent locus of said actuating arm and said print hammer members; energy-dissipative face members mounted upon mutually contacting surfaces of said hammer member and said actuating arm member, at least one of said face members being deformable with resistance upon impact so as to be dissipative of impact imparted kinetic energy,
  • said face members being urged into contact during a large portion of said printing mechanism's operating cycle by resilient urging means operative upon at least one of said hammer and actuating arm members to both urge said members into contacting concerted movement with respect to said frame member and increase kinetic energy dissipating sliding friction between said members during relative movement at said mutually contacting surface; magnetic coupling and transducing means coupled to said actuating arm member and activatable by external control means to extract kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member as said members are urged into concerted movement by said resilient urging means, said extracted kinetic energy being converted into electrical energy by said magnetic coupling and transducing means and dissipated by an electrical network connected with said magnetic coupling and transducing means; and kinetic energy dissipative impact face members mounted upon mutually contacting surfaces of each said actuating arm member and said backstop member, said face members dissipating kinetic energy from said actuating arm member and said hammer member upon impact as said members reach said qui
  • a method for operating a lightweight impacting working member in a high speed mechanism comprising the steps of:
  • a method for operating a print hammer in a high-speed printing mechanism and quickly bringing said hammer to quiescence after operation comprising the steps of:
  • Energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus including a penetration stop member for a high-speed impact printing mechanism that also includes a print hammer member suspended from a frame member and movable along a lengthwise axis between a rest position and an extended position wherein engagement with both a printable medium and said energy-absorbing, excursion-limiting apparatus occurs, said energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus also including:
  • said metallic position adjustment means for supporting and for providing vernier position adjustment of said penetration stop member, said metallic position adjustment means including a threaded metallic member connected with a force-multiplying, resolution-increasing lever of the first class, and
  • resilient organic material energy-absorbing means supported on said penetration stop member and positionlocated by said metallic position adjustment means for engaging said print hammer member near said extended position, reversing movement direction of said print hammer member, absorbing kinetic energy from said print hammer member and converting said kinetic energy into heat energy
  • said energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus provides a rigid and position-adjustable limit of travel for said print hammer member together with energy-dissipating means for said print hammer member.
  • said resilient organic material lenergy-absorbing means includes a thermoplastic material jacket member molded around an end portion of said penetration stop member.
  • thermoplastic material jacket member includes a polyester polyurethane material having 4.0 to 4.3 percent isocyanate and cured with a 25 to 75 percent combination of dichlorobenzidine and methylene bis(ortho-chloroaniline) at percent stoichiometry.
  • Energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus for a high-speed impact printing mechanism that includes a print hammer suspended'by cantilever flexure springs from a frame member and movable along a lengthwise axis between a rest position and an extended position wherein engagement between said energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus and plural portions of said print hammer and flexure springs occurs; said energy-absorbing and excursion-limiting apparatus comprising:
  • plural first resilient energy-absorbing stop member means each larger than said cantilever flexure springs and each in rigid connection with said frame member adjacent each of said cantilever flexure springs for engaging a large portion of each of said cantilever flexure springs in said extended position and for removing kinetic energy from said cantilever flexure springs upon said springs approaching said extended position;
  • second resilient energy-absorbing stop member means rigidly connected with said frame member adjacent said print hammer for engaging said print hammer in said extended position and for removing kinetic energy from said print hammer upon said print hammer approaching said extended position;
  • neoprene rubber is a soft neoprene rubber having a hardness near l0 on the Shore A durometer scale and said pad members are substantially flat in configuration.

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  • Impact Printers (AREA)
US863826A 1969-10-06 1969-10-06 Energy-dissipative improvement in high-speed print hammer mechanisms Expired - Lifetime US3636868A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86382669A 1969-10-06 1969-10-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3636868A true US3636868A (en) 1972-01-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US863826A Expired - Lifetime US3636868A (en) 1969-10-06 1969-10-06 Energy-dissipative improvement in high-speed print hammer mechanisms

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3636868A (de)
JP (1) JPS509133B1 (de)
CH (1) CH517002A (de)
GB (1) GB1275495A (de)
ZA (1) ZA706423B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760719A (en) * 1970-11-10 1973-09-25 Honeywell Bull Type-holder element for {37 on-the-fly{38 {11 printing machine
US3874287A (en) * 1973-06-05 1975-04-01 Honeywell Bull Sa Printing machines
US3968744A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-07-13 Burroughs Corporation Self-damping unitary print hammer for high speed printers
US4064799A (en) * 1976-11-26 1977-12-27 Teletype Corporation Print hammer bumper exhibiting dual resiliency characteristics
US4075943A (en) * 1974-03-11 1978-02-28 Sperry Rand Corporation High speed actuator for impact line printers
JPS53118713U (de) * 1977-11-17 1978-09-21
US4395945A (en) * 1979-08-13 1983-08-02 Dataproducts Corporation Hammer bank assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS619078U (ja) * 1984-06-25 1986-01-20 晋 松井 ハンガ−

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760719A (en) * 1970-11-10 1973-09-25 Honeywell Bull Type-holder element for {37 on-the-fly{38 {11 printing machine
US3874287A (en) * 1973-06-05 1975-04-01 Honeywell Bull Sa Printing machines
US4075943A (en) * 1974-03-11 1978-02-28 Sperry Rand Corporation High speed actuator for impact line printers
US3968744A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-07-13 Burroughs Corporation Self-damping unitary print hammer for high speed printers
US4064799A (en) * 1976-11-26 1977-12-27 Teletype Corporation Print hammer bumper exhibiting dual resiliency characteristics
JPS53118713U (de) * 1977-11-17 1978-09-21
US4395945A (en) * 1979-08-13 1983-08-02 Dataproducts Corporation Hammer bank assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA706423B (en) 1971-05-27
GB1275495A (en) 1972-05-24
DE2048705A1 (de) 1971-04-29
CH517002A (de) 1971-12-31
JPS509133B1 (de) 1975-04-10
DE2048705B2 (de) 1972-10-12

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