US3643152A - Collector follower-type transistorized voltage regulator with thermistor starting circuit - Google Patents

Collector follower-type transistorized voltage regulator with thermistor starting circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3643152A
US3643152A US17184A US3643152DA US3643152A US 3643152 A US3643152 A US 3643152A US 17184 A US17184 A US 17184A US 3643152D A US3643152D A US 3643152DA US 3643152 A US3643152 A US 3643152A
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Prior art keywords
transistor
voltage
base
regulator
regulating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US17184A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koji Matsumura
Kunio Seki
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices

Definitions

  • the starting circuit In a transistorized voltage regulator, in which a voltage source is connected to an emitter input circuit of a regulating transistor and a load to its collector output circuit, the starting circuit consists of a thermistor having a positive resistancetemperature coefficient connected between the emitter input circuit and the base of the regulating transistor. The thermistor supplies a starting current to the regulating transistor at the starting moment when an operating voltage is applied to the emitter input circuit of the transistor.
  • the voltage regulator of the collector follower'type has a better ripple reduction factor than the usual emitter follower type, but a disadvantage is that a starting circuit is required.
  • a circuit in which a resistor is inserted between the emitter and collector of a regulating transistor or between the base of a regulating transistor and a voltage supplying line is well known as a starting circuit. In either circuit, however, there is a defect of hindering with the voltage regulating action at light load, i.e., the effective operation region is restricted by the load variation.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a series voltage regulator of the collector follower type where the voltage regulation is not affected at a light load.
  • a thermistor having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient is coupled between the base of a regulating transistor and the common reference potential, and the starting current is given to the regulating transistor through this thermistor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a prior art voltage regulator
  • FIG. 2 shows the characteristics of the prior art voltage regulator shown in FIG. 1 and that of a voltage regulator according to this invention, respectively;
  • FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of a voltage regulator according to this invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage-current characteristic of a thermistor having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient as used in this invention.
  • Q is a regulating transistor
  • O is an error signal amplifying transistor
  • R and R are error signal detecting resistors
  • R is an emitter resistor of the transistor
  • Z is a reference diode
  • R is a starting resistor inserted between the emitter and collector of the transistor
  • 8 is a load
  • a circuit 2 is a voltage source comprising an AC source '3, a rectifier 5, and a switch 4.
  • a starting current (base current) is given to the transistor Q through the starting resistor R
  • the transistor Q starts to operate. Namely, the operation of this voltage regulator is initiated by the starting resistor R, Without this resistor R, neither the transistor 0, nor the transistor 0, starts to operate even if the switch 4 is turned on, so that no prescribed voltage can be supplied to the load 8.
  • the resistor R is indispensable for the start of the voltage regulator.
  • this starting resistor has such a disadvantage that it gives troubles to the voltage regulation at a light load, as seen in FIG. 2.
  • the load current is low (light load)
  • the load terminal voltage V rises, losing the voltage regulating action.
  • the effective operation'region of the load is reduced. So, the regulator becomes impractical at a light load.
  • transistor 0 is a regulating transistor for controlling the voltage supplied to the load
  • a circuit I is a voltage detecting circuit formed in the collector circuit of the transistor 0,.
  • the voltage detecting circuit comprises the resistors R, and R for detecting the collector voltage of the transistor Q,, a reference diode (Zener diode) Z for obtaining a reference potential, and a resistor R
  • the transistor 0 connected to the voltage detecting circuit 1 amplifies the error signal detected by the voltage detecting circuit I up to the level of the base controlling signal of the transistor 0,.
  • the emitter voltage of the transistor Q with respect to the collector voltage of the transistor Q is made constant by the Zener diode Z.
  • the base voltage of the transistor 0 follows the variation in the collector voltage of the transistor 0,.
  • the circuit 2 is a voltage source circuit which comprises an AC source 3, a switch 4, and a conventional rectifying circuit 5 for rectifying the AC signal from the source 3 and supplying the rectified DC voltage to the input terminals i,-i of the regulating circuit.
  • the circuit 8 represents a load connected between the output terminals O,-O R is a thermistor having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient, one end of which is connected to the base of transistor Q, and the other end of which is connected to the reference potential line I,..
  • the voltage-current characteristics of this thermistor R at a constant ambient temperature are shown in FIG. 4 in which the thermistor R, has a low resistance at a lower applied voltage while a high resistance at a higher voltage.
  • the thermistor R well-known thermistors having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient can be used.
  • the output voltage V is regulated to a potential determined preliminarily by the resistors R, and R the reference voltage V, of the Zener diode Z and the amplification factor of the transistor Q by the action of the positive feedback of transistor 0
  • a voltage higher than the critical voltage V, shown in FIG. 4 is applied to the thermistor R it comes to the high resistivity state by the current flowing therethrough, whereby the normal operation of the transistors Q, and O is not interfered.
  • the starting current of the regulating transistor Q is given through the thermistor R which is in the low resistivity state.
  • the thermistor R has a high resistance sufficient to isolate the base of the regulating transistor Q, from the common reference potential line 1,.
  • the voltage regulator according to this invention can attain the voltage regulating action even for a light load, and the effective operation region AI is widened, asshown in FIG. 2. 1
  • this invention is characterized by the use of a thermistor-having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient.
  • a voltage regulator with a widened effective operation regionand with a low electric power consumption can be obtained by relatively simple means.
  • Various modifications of this invention may be done without departing from the spirit of this invention.
  • a voltage regulator for use between a power source and a load comprising:
  • regulator transistor having an emitter, a base and a collector for controlling the voltage to be supplied to the load, said emitter being adapted to be connected to the power source;
  • a voltage detecting means connected to the collector of said transistor for detecting a regulating signal proportional to the potential difference between the potential at said output terminal and a predetermined reference potential
  • an amplifier means connected between the base of said 5 regulating transistor and said voltage detecting means for amplifying the regulating signal from said voltage detecting means and supplying the amplified regulating signal to said base as a controlling signal, whereby the conductance of said regulating transistor is controlled by said controlling signal;
  • thermistor having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient connected between the base of said regulating transistor and a common reference potential, said thermistor having a low resistance in the starting moment of said regulating transistor and supplying a starting current to said transistor while having a high resistance sufficient to isolate said thermistor from the base of the regulator transistor in the nonnal operation of said regulator transistor.
  • a voltage regulator for use between a power source and a load, including a regulator transistor having an emitter, a base and a collector for controlling the voltage to be supplied to the load, said emitter being adapted to be connected to the power source;
  • first means connected to the collector of said transistor for detecting a regulating signal proportional to the potential difference between the potential at said output terminal and a predetermined reference potential
  • third means comprising a thermistor, having a positive resistance-temperature coefficient, connected between the base of said regulator transistor and said predetermined reference potential, responsive to the transient flow of current through said regulator transistor, for supplying a starting current thereto when load current begins to flow and for providing a high resistance sufficient to isolate the base of said regulator transistor from said common reference potential during steady state load voltage at said output terminal.
  • a voltage regulator according to claim 3, wherein said first voltage divider circuit comprises a Zener diode in series with a first resistor, and said second voltage divider circuit comprises second and third resistors connected in series, said first means being connected to the common connection point of said Zener diode with said first resistor and the common connection point of said second and third resistors, respectively.
  • said second means comprises an amplifying transistor having its electrodes respectively connected to the base of said regulator transistor and said common connection points of said first and second voltage dividers.
  • a voltage regulator according to claim 5, wherein said amplifying transistor has its base connected to the common connection point of said second and third resistors, its emitter connected to the common connection point of said Zener diode and said first resistor and its collector connected to the base of said regulator transistor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US17184A 1969-03-12 1970-03-06 Collector follower-type transistorized voltage regulator with thermistor starting circuit Expired - Lifetime US3643152A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP44018325A JPS4810976B1 (de) 1969-03-12 1969-03-12

Publications (1)

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US3643152A true US3643152A (en) 1972-02-15

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US17184A Expired - Lifetime US3643152A (en) 1969-03-12 1970-03-06 Collector follower-type transistorized voltage regulator with thermistor starting circuit

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US (1) US3643152A (de)
JP (1) JPS4810976B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2037965A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1249442A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947752A (en) * 1974-06-04 1976-03-30 Motorola, Inc. Circuit for converting alternating current voltages to a constant magnitude direct current voltage
JPS5272443A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-06-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Chopper type constant voltage power source system
US4605891A (en) * 1984-06-21 1986-08-12 Motorola Safe operating area circuit and method for an output switching device
US5136175A (en) * 1987-12-12 1992-08-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Current supply circuit arrangement
US20080151580A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2008-06-26 Schlecht Martin F High efficiency power converter
US7558083B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2009-07-07 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US20110176333A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2011-07-21 Synqor, Inc. Power Converter with Isolated and Regulation Stages
US10199950B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-05 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8100388A (nl) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-16 Philips Nv Schakeling voor vertraagd aanschakelen van voedingsspanning.
DE4110495A1 (de) * 1991-03-30 1992-10-01 Teves Gmbh Alfred Schaltungsanordnung zum schutz vor ueberspannungen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3022457A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-02-20 Texas Instruments Inc Transistor voltage regulator
US3211989A (en) * 1961-12-07 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Voltage regulator employing a nonlinear impedance and negative temperature coefficient impedance to prevent leakage current
US3384808A (en) * 1966-03-11 1968-05-21 Northern Electric Co D. c. voltage regulator with resistive restarting means
US3393347A (en) * 1964-12-08 1968-07-16 James E. Webb Power supply circuit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3022457A (en) * 1960-02-19 1962-02-20 Texas Instruments Inc Transistor voltage regulator
US3211989A (en) * 1961-12-07 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Voltage regulator employing a nonlinear impedance and negative temperature coefficient impedance to prevent leakage current
US3393347A (en) * 1964-12-08 1968-07-16 James E. Webb Power supply circuit
US3384808A (en) * 1966-03-11 1968-05-21 Northern Electric Co D. c. voltage regulator with resistive restarting means

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947752A (en) * 1974-06-04 1976-03-30 Motorola, Inc. Circuit for converting alternating current voltages to a constant magnitude direct current voltage
JPS5272443A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-06-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Chopper type constant voltage power source system
US4605891A (en) * 1984-06-21 1986-08-12 Motorola Safe operating area circuit and method for an output switching device
US5136175A (en) * 1987-12-12 1992-08-04 U.S. Philips Corporation Current supply circuit arrangement
US20080151580A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2008-06-26 Schlecht Martin F High efficiency power converter
US7558083B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2009-07-07 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US7564702B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2009-07-21 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US20100091526A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2010-04-15 Schlecht Martin F High efficiency power converter
US20110176333A1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2011-07-21 Synqor, Inc. Power Converter with Isolated and Regulation Stages
US8023290B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2011-09-20 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US8493751B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2013-07-23 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US9143042B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2015-09-22 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US10199950B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-05 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US10594223B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2020-03-17 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US11075583B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2021-07-27 Vicor Corporation Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US11705820B2 (en) 2013-07-02 2023-07-18 Vicor Corporation Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US12395087B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2025-08-19 Vicor Corporation Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4810976B1 (de) 1973-04-09
DE2011283B2 (de) 1972-06-22
FR2037965A5 (de) 1970-12-31
GB1249442A (en) 1971-10-13
DE2011283A1 (de) 1970-09-24

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