US3647454A - Title-backed photosensitive microfiche - Google Patents

Title-backed photosensitive microfiche Download PDF

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Publication number
US3647454A
US3647454A US9586A US3647454DA US3647454A US 3647454 A US3647454 A US 3647454A US 9586 A US9586 A US 9586A US 3647454D A US3647454D A US 3647454DA US 3647454 A US3647454 A US 3647454A
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United States
Prior art keywords
microfiche
pigment
group
header region
cellulose acetate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US9586A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clarence S Hunter
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
    • G03C11/02—Marking or applying text

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved microfiche and more particularly to such a microfiche having an easily reproducible translucent stripe capable of receiving eyeball readable print or information or permitting eyeball reading of photographically incorporated identifiers or legends in the area of said translucent stripe in the header area.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a microfiche of the type described herein;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the header portion of a conventional microfiche of the type shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the header portion of a preferred embodiment of the microfiche of the present invention.
  • a diazo microfiche having a translucent header stripe capable of receiving eyeball readable print and also making identifiers in the photographic emulsion in the header region readable while being transparent to photographically active light and therefore completely reproducible using conventional diazo reproductive techniques.
  • the invention provides a microfiche having a thin layer comprising a suitable pigment having a refractive index between about 1.6 and 2.1 in a polymeric binder striped in the header region of a diazo microfiche to provide a surface that is receptive of titles or identifiers (e.g., typed, printed or written images), is translucent to visible light, yet photographically transparent thereby permitting conventional reproduction of the entire microfiche including the header region and the identifiers included thereon.
  • titles or identifiers e.g., typed, printed or written images
  • a conventional microfiche 10 suitable for use in accordance with this invention is divided into two areas, the top or header section 12 and the lower or information bearing section 14 which contains the actual material being stored in page or other form 16 on the microfiche.
  • Identification of the microfiche is conventionally made, as already described, by entering eyeball readable information 18 in one fashion or another, for example by typing or photographic reproduction in the header region 12.
  • the diazo reproduction problems of the prior art discussed above are apparently due largely to the difficulty in finding a suitable combination of materials which are sufficiently opaque to visible light, i.e., provide just the right degree of translucency that printed or typed lettering imposed thereon or reproduced in the fiche can be read with the naked eye while being completely, or at least nearly so, transparent to the radiation utilized to reproduce the microfiche.
  • the header region can be made sufficiently translucent or diffuse to permit the imposition of eyeball readable print thereon while remaining transparent to photoactive radiation so that copies of the original microfiche including the header region and its included identifiers can be made without difficulty.
  • a conventional microfiche comprises a sheet of film base cast, extruded or otherwise formed from a suitable material, e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate), cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, or other polyester, cellulose ester or even polyolefin, polyamide, or polycarbonate materials having a layer of a diazo or silver halide emulsion coated on one side thereof.
  • a suitable material e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate), cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, or other polyester, cellulose ester or even polyolefin, polyamide, or polycarbonate materials having a layer of a diazo or silver halide emulsion coated on one side thereof.
  • Any number of sub" or U" coats, bonding layers, antihalation and/or antistatic layers may also be applied to provide proper adhesion between the emulsion layer and the film base or to correct other problems which arise in the use of such materials.
  • a preferred embodiment of the improved microfiche of the present invention has, at least in the header region, a second functional layer coated on the surface of the film base sheet opposite that which is coated with the emulsion.
  • the particular location of the pigment and binder may, however, be varied as described below. It is this thin layer of pigment and polymeric binder which provides the properdegree of opacity and diffusion and all but complete transparency to photoactive radiation and imparts the improved reproductive properties already described above.
  • the thin layer which generally, in the finished microfiche, ranges in thickness from about 0.03 to about 0.20 mil may be applied using conventional roll coating, spraying, flexographic, gravure, or other suitable techniques to deposit a layer of a solution comprising a weight ratio of binder to pigment ranging from about 3:1 to about 1:3 and the balance of the solution being some suitable solvent or mixture of solvents for the polymeric binder.
  • the pigment used as described more fully below, must, according to the method of this invention have a refractive index ranging from about 1.6 to about 2.].
  • the polymeric binder-pigment solution can be formed using any conventional mixing technique used to prepare coating or spraying solutions of polymers. This list would of course include ball milling, Kady milling, roll milling and dissolving of predispersed pigments in binders.
  • the solution is dried by evaporation of the solvent using conventional hot air, or other drying techniques to leave a thin layer, i.e., ranging in thickness from about 0.03 mil to about 0.2 mil and preferably between about 0.05 and 0.15 mil comprising from about 20 to about percent by weight of the pigment and from about 80 to about 20 percent by weight of the polymeric binder.
  • the preferred polymeric pigment layer is coated on the reverse side of the microfiche from that which bears the diazo emulsion
  • the binder-pigment layer either between the film base and emulsion or over the emulsion at least in the header region of the microfiche.
  • the binder, pigments other additives and solvents for the binder be highly compatible so that no loss of physical, or photographic characteristics is encountered.
  • the polymeric binder utilized may vary broadly across a wide range of such materials. Normally, all such binder materials which are clear, transparent to photographically active radiation and conventionally used as binders in inking and backing applications are useful in the successful practice of the present invention. This list includes, but is not limited to such materials as: cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, acryloids, suitable polyester materials, vinyl resins, rosin and rosin derivatives, shellac, epoxy resins, and necessary additives used to improve dispersion, flow out and adhesion in bonding, and mixtures of the above materials. Specifically preferred for the binder, however, are polyamide resins which generally provide improved adhesion with many of the conventional polyester film base materials.
  • polyamide resins generically described as the condensation products of dimer acids and linear diamines
  • polyamide resins for flexographic inks which are based on diphenolic acid (DPA) 4,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenol)- pentanoic acid and which are similarly soluble in simple alcohols to form varnishes may also be used as the binder material.
  • DPA diphenolic acid
  • the polymeric binders can be selected to adhere quite readily to most conventional film base material (such as those mentioned above) it may be advisable to apply a U-coat of,.for example thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,488,195, when a polyester base such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) is used, and any other number of subbing'or U-coats which improve the adhesion of the binder to the base without affecting the visible light transparency of the header region, or adversely affecting the diazo or silver emulsion which forms the photographic portion of the microfiche may be similarly employed.
  • a polyester base such as poly(ethylene terephthalate)
  • any other number of subbing'or U-coats which improve the adhesion of the binder to the base without affecting the visible light transparency of the header region, or adversely affecting the diazo or silver emulsion which forms the photographic portion of the microfiche may be similarly employed.
  • the pigment which is dispersed in the polymeric binder must possess a refractive index of between about L6 and 2.1 to provide the required low degree of hiding power. Testing has indicated that pigments within this range while being substantially transparent to photoactive radiation and providing sufficient opacity when present in the binder in concentrations of from about to about 80 percent by weight at the header stripe thicknesses described below, also permit easy eyeball reading of identifiers imposed thereon or incorporated in the photosensitive emulsion to be read thereagainst.
  • the pigments falling into thisclassification are BaSO, (known in the art as Baryta), zinc oxide and Lithopone which is chemicallyidentified as ZnS-BaSO, and is well known in the pigment art. Tests using silica as the pigment (index of refraction 1.552) indicate that it is unsuitable in the present application. It therefore appears that the list of suitable pigments is quite limited to those within the specified range of refractive index.
  • the basic philosophy of the present invention is to achieve controlled hiding by varying pigment concentration and layer thickness to provide the required opacity and diffusion characteristics to permit eyeball reading of the identifiers imposed on the header stripe of the invention or included in the photographic emulsion thereof.
  • This controlled thickness and concentration is achieved by maintaining the opacity or density of the finished stripe as measured on an integrating sphere spectrophotometer at a total optical density of at most about 0.3 and preferably at or below about 0.2.
  • the optical density will vary with both the concentration of the pigment in the binder and the thickness of the layer which is applied.
  • pigment concentrations on the order of those described above the desired optical density is achieved using a layer thickness of from about 0.03 to about 0.2 mil.
  • any combination of layer thicknesses and pigment concentrations may be used within the above specified limits to achieve the required maximum 0.3 optical density and the required diffusion.
  • a specifically preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes a conventional diazo microfiche having a header region stripe about one-half inch wide coated on the surface opposite that which bears the diazo emulsion with a 0.09 mil thick layer comprising 40 percent by weight of zinc oxide in a polyamide binder produced by the condensation of dilinoleic acid and ethylene diamine as described above.
  • Such a layer of pigment and binder is obtained by flexographic coating a 0.20 mil thickness of a solution comprising 30 percent by weight of said prepared polyamide resin, 20 percent by weight of zinc oxide, 2.5 percent by weight of water to improve solubility and the balance N- propyl alcohol.
  • a 0.09 mil thick layer of the pigmentbinder combination having an optical density of 0.l8 is left deposited on the microfiche.
  • Up to 10th generation copies of such a microfiche made using conventional reproductive techniques i.e., by the application of mercury vapor light
  • a film-base element having at least a stripe of a thin layer of the type described herein coated on one side thereof may be prepared for subsequent coating with any type of photosensitive emulsion.
  • the emulsion would of course be of the diazo type, however, a variety of applications might require the application of a more conventional silver halide or other type of emulsion.
  • the present invention provides a highly improved microfiche which provides for easy application of identifiers in the header region while concurrently providing for relatively problem-free reproduction of the header area in subsequent generation copies.
  • a film base element suitable for the reception of a diazo or other photosensitive element which has coated at leastin a stripe on at least one side thereof a thin layer suitable for the reception of eyeball readable identifiers or to permit easy eyeball reading .of identifiers incorporated in an emulsion layer coated in the header region.
  • An improved microfiche comprising a transparent base of 5 relatively great area having a header region of relatively much smaller area for the incorporation of identifiers, a photosensitive emulsion coated on the entire surface of one side of said base, and only in said header region a thin layer on the opposite side of said base comprising particles of inorganic pigment having a refractive index of from about 1.6 to about 2.1 dispersed in a polymeric binder, said thin layer being translucent to visible light, and substantially transparent to photographically active radiation thereby permitting eyeball reading of identifiers in the header region and conventional reproduction of the entire microfiche including the header region, wherein said thin layer has an optical density below about 0.3, wherein said thin layer comprises from about to about 80 percent by weight of said polymeric binder and from about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of said pigment, and wherein the thickness of said thin layer varies from about 0.03 to about 0.2 mil.
  • said photosensitive emulsion is selected from the group consisting of diazo and silver halide emulsions.
  • said polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, acryloids, polyester resins, vinyl resins, rosin, rosin derivatives, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, and mixtures thereof and said thin layer has an optical density below about 0.2.
  • said base comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, cellulose ester, polyolefin, polyamide and polycarbonate materials.
  • said base comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US9586A 1970-02-09 1970-02-09 Title-backed photosensitive microfiche Expired - Lifetime US3647454A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US958670A 1970-02-09 1970-02-09

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US3647454A true US3647454A (en) 1972-03-07

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US (1) US3647454A (fr)
BE (1) BE762439A (fr)
DE (1) DE2104309A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2078112A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1332376A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50119622A (fr) * 1974-03-01 1975-09-19
US3915709A (en) * 1973-04-13 1975-10-28 Gaf Corp Backwetting coating for diazo microfilm
US3980478A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-09-14 Eastman Kodak Company Method of making an ultraviolet light image recording using a visible-light reflective intermediate element
US5338785A (en) * 1993-07-21 1994-08-16 Sun Chemical Corporation Flexible packaging printing ink containing cellulose acetate butyrate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3338800A1 (de) * 1983-10-26 1985-05-09 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Mikrofilmkarte und verfahren zur herstellung einer rueckkopie von der mikrofilmkarte

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2603564A (en) * 1948-09-21 1952-07-15 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Light sensitive diazotype layer containing a white opacifying pigment
US2709655A (en) * 1952-06-28 1955-05-31 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Diazotype photoprinting material
US2908572A (en) * 1955-12-28 1959-10-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Vesicular prints and process of making same
US2999016A (en) * 1955-03-24 1961-09-05 Keuffel & Esser Co Drawing material
US3136637A (en) * 1958-11-26 1964-06-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Presensitized lithographic light-sensitive sheet construction
US3148064A (en) * 1960-05-19 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Light sensitive photographic composition containing aluminum stearate as a translucent pigment
US3228769A (en) * 1961-05-04 1966-01-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photosensitive copy-sheet comprising zinc oxide and a diazonium compound and method of copying
US3284201A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-11-08 Grinten Chem L V D Three layered light-sensitive diazotype material
US3447947A (en) * 1964-03-20 1969-06-03 Bexford Ltd Drafting film
US3473926A (en) * 1964-05-04 1969-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Negative material for converting from letterpress to lithography
US3539378A (en) * 1964-12-04 1970-11-10 Bexford Ltd Synthetic film materials

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2603564A (en) * 1948-09-21 1952-07-15 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Light sensitive diazotype layer containing a white opacifying pigment
US2709655A (en) * 1952-06-28 1955-05-31 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Diazotype photoprinting material
US2999016A (en) * 1955-03-24 1961-09-05 Keuffel & Esser Co Drawing material
US2908572A (en) * 1955-12-28 1959-10-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Vesicular prints and process of making same
US3136637A (en) * 1958-11-26 1964-06-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Presensitized lithographic light-sensitive sheet construction
US3148064A (en) * 1960-05-19 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Light sensitive photographic composition containing aluminum stearate as a translucent pigment
US3228769A (en) * 1961-05-04 1966-01-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photosensitive copy-sheet comprising zinc oxide and a diazonium compound and method of copying
US3284201A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-11-08 Grinten Chem L V D Three layered light-sensitive diazotype material
US3447947A (en) * 1964-03-20 1969-06-03 Bexford Ltd Drafting film
US3473926A (en) * 1964-05-04 1969-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Negative material for converting from letterpress to lithography
US3539378A (en) * 1964-12-04 1970-11-10 Bexford Ltd Synthetic film materials

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Microphotography Fundamentals and Applications, SPSE, TR835.59, 1968, p. 165. *
Unconventional Photography Systems, SPSE, 2nd Symp., 1967, p. 6 9. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915709A (en) * 1973-04-13 1975-10-28 Gaf Corp Backwetting coating for diazo microfilm
JPS50119622A (fr) * 1974-03-01 1975-09-19
US3980478A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-09-14 Eastman Kodak Company Method of making an ultraviolet light image recording using a visible-light reflective intermediate element
US5338785A (en) * 1993-07-21 1994-08-16 Sun Chemical Corporation Flexible packaging printing ink containing cellulose acetate butyrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2104309A1 (de) 1971-09-02
GB1332376A (en) 1973-10-03
FR2078112A5 (fr) 1971-11-05
BE762439A (fr) 1971-07-16

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