US3655176A - Closure devices for metallurgical and like vessels - Google Patents

Closure devices for metallurgical and like vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3655176A
US3655176A US12943A US3655176DA US3655176A US 3655176 A US3655176 A US 3655176A US 12943 A US12943 A US 12943A US 3655176D A US3655176D A US 3655176DA US 3655176 A US3655176 A US 3655176A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
vessel
gas
rod
molten material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US12943A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Winkler
Hans Richard Fehling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stoecker and Kunz GmbH
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Stoecker and Kunz GmbH
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment

Definitions

  • the gas pressure in the pocket maybe [56] References cued transmitted to a gauge or may be used for automatic adjustment'of the hei ht of the rod to obtain a constant dischar e UNITED STATES PATENTS g g 2 054 921 9/1936 B u n 266/3 V rate through the discharge orifice.
  • the invention relates to closure devices designed to open and close an aperture at the bottom of metallurgical vessels, and other vessels for containing and discharging molten material, (or melt) particularly casting ladles in the steel industry.
  • ladle will include any metallurgical vessel for containing molten material.
  • the invention therefore provides a vessel for containing and discharging molten material, having a small gas-tight annex chamber offset from but communicating laterally with the interior of the vessel, the bottom of which chamber is not substantially above the bottom of the vessel interior and is provided with a discharge orifice for the discharge of the molten material, and having a refractory, or refractory-clad, stopper rod extending down through the chamber and movable in a substantially vertical direction between a lower closed position in which its lower end closes the orifice and an upper open position in which its lower end is spaced from the orifice.
  • gas-tight means that the chamber is gastight except for its communication with the interior of the vessel and its orifice for discharging the molten material.
  • the rod extends slidably through the roof of the chamber so as to be capable of being raised and lowered by means external to the chamber, and is provided with a gas-tight gland.
  • the latter may comprise a bellows into which the upper end of the rod extends, the bellows being sealed to the rod and to the roof of the chamber.
  • the vessel may have, above the annex chamber, a gas-tight enclosure into which the upper end of the stopper rod extends, and a connection for supplying gas into the interior of said enclosure from an external source.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in section
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken on the line A-A in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 shows the application of the invention to a large casting ladle, FIG. 4 being a section taken on the line BB in FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative gas seal for the annex chamber according to the invention.
  • the shell 1 of the metallurgical vessel 2 has a refractory lining 3.
  • a small gas-tight annex chamber 4 offset from but communicating laterally with the interior of vessel 2 through a duct or port 6, said chamber having a gas-tight steel shell 5 with a refractory lining 3a.
  • a replaceable refractory teeming nozzle 7 of known type providing a discharge orifice 16. This nozzle is exchangeable and removable from below.
  • the bottom and side steel shells (5a, 5b respectively) of the chamber are permanently welded or otherwise fixed to the main vessel, while the top 5c is formed by a removable plate secured to the shell. This is convenient for ex tracting the whole stopper rod assembly and mechanism particularly for the purpose of easy maintenance work on the refractory parts.
  • the chamber 4 has a very low ceiling 6a which is perforated above the noule 7 by a tubular hole 8 which acts as a guide for the refractory stopper rod 9.
  • the hole ' is widened at its lower end, forming an annular recess or pocket 10 at the top of the annex chamber 4.
  • a gas-tight steel bellows 11 fixed to the shell 5 of the chamber.
  • the rod 9 is attached to the bellows by means of the gas-tight sleeve 12 at the inside of which it is secured by any suitable method e.g. by a screw thread.
  • the bellows 11 is capable of a vertical stroke corresponding to the distance between the closed and open position of the stopper rod 9.
  • the bellows is connected to a mechanical or hydraulic actuator 13 fixed to the shell 5 of the chamber.
  • Such an actuator has the advantage of allowing the operation of the stopper rod by remote control. If desired, such as actuator may be replaced by any other suitable device, as for example the conventional mechanical lever.
  • the operation of the device is as follows.
  • the stopper 9 When the vessel 2 is charged with metal the stopper 9 is in the closed position in which it rests on and seals the orifice 16, so that the chamber 4 fills rapidly with metal.
  • the level of the metal in the vessel 2 When the level of the metal in the vessel 2 is rising above the ceiling 6a of the chamber a volume of gas contained in the chamber above the surface of the metal is trapped, as it is surrounded by a gastight enclosure formed by the shell 5 and the bellows 11. As the level of the metal in the vessel 2 continues to rise this trapped volume is compressed to a pressure corresponding to the hydrostatic head of the liquid metal so that the level of the metal rises within the annular recess 10.
  • the pocket or chamber could, at its upper end, be connected at 18 to a supply of argon or nitrogen in order to maintain a neutral atmosphere above the surface of the molten steel in the chamber.
  • a supply of argon or nitrogen in order to maintain a neutral atmosphere above the surface of the molten steel in the chamber.
  • Such a supply would also provide additional safety in case of the development of a small gas leak which would otherwise allow the metal to rise in the hole 8.
  • The'development of the gas pressure inside the bellows 11 which correspond to the hydrostatic head of the melt further provides a convenient way of obtaining, by means of a pressure gauge, an accurate indication of the metal level in the vessel.
  • This variable pressure control could therefore, be used for automatic adjustment of the position of the stopper 9, i.e. to raise the latter in order to maintain a constant flow rate while the metal level in vessel 2 descends.
  • This automatic link is particularly valuable in order to dose the stopper automatically as soon as the steel level descends below a certain level. This is important if it is desired to ensure that no slag enters the chamber 4 at the end of the discharge period.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the incorporation of the annex chamber according to the invention in a large casting ladle, which may as shown in FIG. 4, have a twin set of stopper rods 9a, 9b and teeming nozzles. It will be appreciated from FIG. 3 how much shorter the stopper rod is compared with the conventional ladle in which the rod extends inevitably over the full height of the latter.
  • two annex chambers 4a, 4b are shown, each with its stopper rod 9a, or 9b and its teeming nozzle.
  • FIG. shows an alternative to the bellows 11 in FIG. 1.
  • the bellows are replaced by a rigid gas-tight box 19 having a gland 20 through which an extension of the stopper rod 9 passes, leaving only enough clearance for sliding.
  • the refractory material particularly of the stopper and the nozzle must be suitably selected having regard to the nature of the molten material and the temperatures encountered. If for economic and operational reasons it is preferred to replace these parts after each heat, the relatively cheap conventional refractories for this purpose may be used. If these parts are to withstand many heats they should be highly resistant to the highly resistant to the erosive action of the melt. For steel, the best material so far available among the normal refractory range is a refractory containing over 80 A1 0 For even higher resistance cermet materials are available.
  • annex chamber and its walls are shown as integral inseparate parts of the vessel I, the same may be constructed so as to be detachably attached to the container.
  • a vessel for containing and discharging molten material having a gas-tight annex chamber offset from but communicating laterally with the interior of the vessel, the bottom of which chamber being not substantially above the bottom of the vessel interior and being provided with a discharge orifice for the downward discharge of the molten material, and also having a refractory, or refractory-clad, stopper rod extending down through the chamber and movable in a substantially vertical direction between a lower closed position in which its lower end closes the orifice and an upper open position in which its lower end is spaced from the orifice, the rod extending slidably through the roof of the chamber so as to be capable of being raised and lowered by means external to the chamber and being provided with a gas-tight gland, the improvement comprising an enlarged recess formed in the roof of the chamber surrounding the stopper rod, the volume of the recess t eing substantially greater than the volume enclosed by the gland above the recess and communicating therewith, whereby gas trapped above the level
  • a vessel according to claim I wherein the gland comprises a bellows into which the upper end of the rod extends, said bellows being sealed to the rod to the roof of the chamber 7w I 3.
  • a vessel according to claim 1 having, above the annex chamber, a gas-tight enclosure into which the upper end of the stopper rod extends, and a connection for supplying gas to the interior of said enclosure from an external source.
  • a vessel according to claim 1 including a second gastight annex chamber, and a second stopper rod within the second annex chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US12943A 1969-02-27 1970-02-20 Closure devices for metallurgical and like vessels Expired - Lifetime US3655176A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1057169 1969-02-27

Publications (1)

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US3655176A true US3655176A (en) 1972-04-11

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US12943A Expired - Lifetime US3655176A (en) 1969-02-27 1970-02-20 Closure devices for metallurgical and like vessels

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3655176A (fr)
AT (1) AT318158B (fr)
BE (1) BE746493A (fr)
FR (1) FR2032459A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1277491A (fr)
LU (1) LU60413A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7002648A (fr)
SE (1) SE365143B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004793A (en) * 1975-03-31 1977-01-25 Leotromelt Corporation Dual holding furnace
US4121651A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-10-24 Dino Marco Zeppellini Casting receptacle or ladle for moulded castings or various materials
FR2535835A1 (fr) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-11 Mannesmann Ag Four a arc basculant

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2054921A (en) * 1933-06-10 1936-09-22 American Smelting Refining Production of oxygen-free, gas-free metals
US2880989A (en) * 1956-11-13 1959-04-07 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for discharging molten metal
US3028874A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-04-10 Dow Chemical Co Valve
US3084925A (en) * 1958-04-23 1963-04-09 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for controlling the flow of molten metal
US3163897A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-01-05 Amsted Ind Inc Method and apparatus for casting metal articles
US3206301A (en) * 1959-11-23 1965-09-14 Metallurg D Esperance Longdoz Process for the continuous treatment of steel

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1464758A (fr) * 1965-11-22 1967-01-06 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Nouveau dispositif de coulée

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2054921A (en) * 1933-06-10 1936-09-22 American Smelting Refining Production of oxygen-free, gas-free metals
US2880989A (en) * 1956-11-13 1959-04-07 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for discharging molten metal
US3084925A (en) * 1958-04-23 1963-04-09 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for controlling the flow of molten metal
US3028874A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-04-10 Dow Chemical Co Valve
US3206301A (en) * 1959-11-23 1965-09-14 Metallurg D Esperance Longdoz Process for the continuous treatment of steel
US3163897A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-01-05 Amsted Ind Inc Method and apparatus for casting metal articles

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004793A (en) * 1975-03-31 1977-01-25 Leotromelt Corporation Dual holding furnace
US4121651A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-10-24 Dino Marco Zeppellini Casting receptacle or ladle for moulded castings or various materials
FR2535835A1 (fr) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-11 Mannesmann Ag Four a arc basculant
US5054033A (en) * 1982-11-10 1991-10-01 Mannesmann Ag Tiltable arc furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE365143B (fr) 1974-03-18
DE2008667A1 (de) 1970-10-08
LU60413A1 (fr) 1970-04-28
FR2032459A1 (fr) 1970-11-27
NL7002648A (fr) 1970-08-31
GB1277491A (en) 1972-06-14
BE746493A (fr) 1970-07-31
AT318158B (de) 1974-09-25

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