US3655839A - Manufacture of drawn thermoplastic fibrillary products - Google Patents

Manufacture of drawn thermoplastic fibrillary products Download PDF

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Publication number
US3655839A
US3655839A US863180A US3655839DA US3655839A US 3655839 A US3655839 A US 3655839A US 863180 A US863180 A US 863180A US 3655839D A US3655839D A US 3655839DA US 3655839 A US3655839 A US 3655839A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
roll
product
rolls
fibrillary
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Expired - Lifetime
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US863180A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hendrinus Sempel
Hendrik Potman
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Akzona Inc
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Akzona Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/56—Processes of molding lactams
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber

Definitions

  • thermoplastic fibrillary product which comprises the steps of feeding the fibrillary product to a drawing zone; drawing the product in the drawing zone, there being a maximum change in the denier of the product at the drawing point in the drawing zone; passing the fibrillary product in slipping contact over at least one friction member after the drawing point and in the drawing zone; and thereafter discharging the product from the drawing zone. Also apparatus for carrying out the process and the drawn product are disclosed.
  • This invention relates to a process for drawing of a thermoplastic fibrillary product in which the product is drawn and is passed in slipping contact over a friction member in a drawing zone under such conditions that product breakage is reduced and to the drawn fibrillary product produced thereby.
  • this invention provides a drawing process that substantially reduces the occurrence of breaks in the fibrillary product.
  • the invention contemplates a process for drawing a thermoplastic fibrillary product which comprises feeding the fibrillary product to a drawing zone, drawing the product in the drawing zone and discharging the product from the drawing zone; the product being passed in slipping contact over at least one friction member in the drawing zone after the product has moved through the drawing point.
  • drawing point is to be understood as referring to that point of the drawing zone through which the product moves at which there is a maximum change in denier.
  • the friction member acts as if it were as a separating member, between successive drawing zones, but unlike the known separating member, such as the first draw roll of the known process, it does not impose a certain speed on the product. Nevertheless, just like known separating members, the friction member acts as a tensioning member which brings about a change in the tensile force prevailing in the fibrillary product. The magnitude and the sign or direction of this change in tensile force are dependent, inter alia, on the relative speed of the product and the friction member on which it slips, and the surface condition of the member. The optimum relative speed of the draw roll may be determined experimentally.
  • the friction member may be rotary or stationary. Both constructions have certain particular advantages. In the case of a rotary friction member, the tensile force may also be influenced by the speed of the friction member.
  • a stationary friction member has the advantage of a simpler construction.
  • a stationary friction member has the advantage that it does not present any sealing problems encountered with the transport of liquid through a rotary member.
  • the liquid may also be employed for transporting heat to the friction member. This is of importance if the member is to be heated to a temperature higher than that resulting exclusively from the drawing and frictional heat generating within the fibrillary product. This may be the case, for instance, when drawing yarns that entirely or partly consist of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • drawing process according to the invention may with advantage be used in spindrawing of yarns, threads and the like fibrillary products.
  • the process of this invention may be employed for the drawing of synthetic linear polymerization products.
  • Favorable results have been obtained in the drawing of linear polyesters, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, and linear polyamides, particularly polyepsiloncaprolactam.
  • a particular embodiment of the process of this invention comprises feeding a synthetic thread to a driven feed roll, subjecting the thread to a first draw, passing the thread from the feed roll to at least one friction member over which the thread slips, subjecting the thread to a second draw, passing the thread from the friction member to a draw roll which is driven at a circumferential speed that is higher than that of the feed roll, and discharging the drawn thread.
  • Yet another embodiment of the process of this invention is characterized in that the first draw begins on the feed roll.
  • drawing is attended with still fewer breakages.
  • a very suitable embodiment of the process for drawing synthetic fibrillary products is characterized in that before the temperature of the product is measured, the product is passed through a heated zone, and the temperature of the heated zone serves as a process parameter by which the position of the drawing point is changed.
  • Yet another embodiment of the process of this invention for use in the spindrawing of polyethylene terephthalate yarn is characterized in that the yarn is supplied to a driven, heated feed roll and then to a friction member which is heated to a temperature which is higher than that of the feed roll.
  • the feed roll should be heated to a temperature in the range of from 65 C. to 90 C., and the friction member to a temperature in the range of from 180 to 225 C. The most favorable results are found to be obtained at a feed roll temperature of approximately 85 C.
  • This invention is also concerned with utilization of apparatus for carrying out the heretofore described process for drawing of a thermoplastic thread-shaped, ribbon-shaped product or like fibrillary product, which comprises at least one feed roll for supplying a thread to be drawn, at least one draw roll that can be driven at a circumferential speed which is higher than that of the feed roll, and a friction member provided between the drawing point and the drawing roll which allows slippage of the thread.
  • friction member as used herein defines a driven or stationary roll (or rolls) or a pin.
  • a very suitable embodiment of the apparatus utilized is characterized in that at the position where drawing occurs, there are provided a temperature sensing element for measuring the temperature of the thread or ribbonshaped product and means cooperating with the temperature'sensing element for efiecting a change in the position of the drawing point to maintain the drawing point at a desired position.
  • a preferred embodiment of this apparatus utilized is characterized in that the means for changing the position of the drawing point comprise a heating device with the aid of which the temperature of the thread or ribbonshaped product can be changed before it passes the temperature sensing element and an automatic controller having its input connected to the temperature sensing element and its output connected to the heating device for localizing the drawing point adjacent to the position of the temperature sensing element.
  • this invention also is directed to a unique process for drawing a fibrillary product.
  • FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for use in the spindrawing of yarn of polyethylene terephthalate in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 having a modified yarn path
  • FIG. 3 shows an apparatus of the invention for use in the spindrawing of yarn of poly-epsiloncaprolactam (i.e., nylon-6).
  • poly-epsiloncaprolactam i.e., nylon-6
  • a yarn 1 of polyethylene terephthalate is successively drawn and wound.
  • the yarn 1 which issues from a spinning apparatus (not shown), successively passes a feed roll 2 with a separator roll 3, a pair of rolls 4 and 5, a draw roll 6 with a separator roll 7, and a grooved drum 8, and is then wound into a package 9, driven at a constant circumferential speed by a friction roll 10. All the rolls are rotated by a driving mechanism (not shown).
  • the circumferential speed V of the pair of rolls 6, 7 is chosen to be higher than the circumferential speed V of the pair of rolls 2, 3.
  • Both the pair of rolls 2, 3 and the pair of rolls 4, 5 are provided with heating devices having automatic temperature control.
  • the pair of rolls 2, 3 are heated to a temperature T and the pair of rolls 4, 5 to a temperature T
  • the process conditions are so chosen that the drawing of the yarn begins on the pair of rolls 2, 3, each of which are provided with matte chromium plated running surfaces.
  • Each of the rolls 4, 5 also have matte chromium plated running surfaces.
  • This roll pair i.e., rolls 4, 5) are driven at a circumferential speed V: which is so chosen that slippage occurs between this pair of rolls and the yarn 1, so that the rolls 4, 5 do not impose a particular speed on the yarn. Instead, these rolls ensure that as a result of the friction acting on the yarn, a tension gradient occurs in the yarn, so that the total drawing section or zone is divided into two successive zones, namely a primary drawing zone and a secondary drawing zone.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modified yarn path for the apparatus of FIG. 1 in which the yarn 1 may make one full wrap or a plurality of wraps around the pair of rolls 4, 5 so that the angle of wrap around the rolls is larger than in the yarn arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
  • a nylon yarn 1' is in a continuous process, drawn, allowed to relax, and wound.
  • the yarn 1' which issues from a spinning apparatus (not shown) successively passes a driven, electrically heated feed roll 2' with separator roll 3, a thread guide 11 with built-in temperature sensing element, a driven roll 4', a driven and heated pair of rolls comprising a draw roll 6 and a separator roll 7, a driven pair of rolls 12, 13, and a grooved drum 8.
  • the yarn .1 is then wound into a package 9, which is driven at a constant circumferential speed by a friction roll 10.
  • the temperature sensing element in the thread guide 11 is connected to an automatic controller 14, which is connected to the electric heating source of the feed r0112.
  • the control loop thus obtained will ensure that the drawing point formed in the drawing process is localized at the thread guide 11.
  • the cross-sectional area of the yarn is greatly changed over a distance which is often relatively short.
  • drawing neck There occurs a so-called drawing neck, the formation of which may be attended with an appreciable increase in temperature due to the heat liberated upon the strong deformation in the neck.
  • the controller 14 in cooperation with the heating device of the feed roll 2', increases the temperature of the roll, so that the drawing neck will move in the opposite direction. In this Way the automatic control loop formed by the yarn, the temperature sensing element, the automatic controller and the heated feed roll, keeps the drawing neck in the desired position.
  • the roll 4 has a matte chromium plated running surface. Its circumferential speed is equal to that of the roll 2', so that the yarn 1' slips on the roll 4. Thus, prior to the roll 4 the yarn is already subjected to a primary draw, so that at the roll 4 its speed is higher than the circumferential speed of the rolls 2 and 4'.
  • the tension gradient caused by the roll 4' ensures that the drawing of the yarn takes place in two stages, the roll 4' acting as a separating member between the stages.
  • the zone between the pairs of rolls 6, 7 and 12, 13 serves as relaxation zone.
  • the magnitude of the change in the tensile force brought about by the slip roll(s) 4 (and 4) is determined, inter alia, by the surface conditions of the roll, the angle of wrap around it and its temperature, the surface condition of the yarn and the relative speed of the roll and the yarn. If the difference between the yarn speed at the slip rolls, e.g. roll pair 4, 5 and the circumferential speed of the rolls is positive, then the tensile force on the yarn will increase as it passes over the slip rolls. If this difference is negative, then the reverse applies. This means that the circumferential speed of the slip roll (or rolls) may be used for setting the magnitude as well as the sign (i.e. positive or negative) of the change in the tensile force.
  • the optimum circumferential speed of the slip roll may be determined empirically.
  • the slip roll may also serve as heating or cooling element. It has the former function, i.e., heating in the apparatus of FIG. 1, and the latter, i.e., cooling, in that of FIG. 3.
  • the process according to the invention may be used for the drawing of organic thermoplastic materials, such as linear polyamides (e.g., nylon-6, nylon-6,6, and the like), and linear polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polypivalolactone, and the like).
  • EXAMPLE I Using a spindrawing apparatus as shown in FIG. 1, a number of experimental runs were made with a 48- filament polyethylene terephthalate yarn which was drawn to an industrial yarn having a denier of 250.
  • EXAMPLE IV Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, a 140-filament nylon-6 yarn was drawn to an industrial yarn having a denier of 1260.
  • the circumferential speeds of the rolls 2, 4' and 6, 7 and 12, 13 were, respectively, 400 meters per minute, 1920 meters per minute and 1880 meters per minute.
  • the total draw ratio was 4.8.
  • the pair of rolls 6, 7 were provided with a heating device for heating these rolls to a temperature of 220 C.
  • the temperatures of the rolls 2, 4' and 12, 13, measured on the running surfaces, were, respectively, 40 to 45 C., C. and 100 C.
  • the drawing neck was kept at the guide 11.
  • the drawn yarn was found to have a tenacity of 9 grams per denier, an elongation at break of 22%, and a boiling water shrinkage of 11%.
  • EXAMPLE V On the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3, but provided with a stationary roll 4', a 210-filament nylon-6 yarn was drawn to a tire yarn having a denier of 1260.
  • the circumferential speeds of the rolls 2'; 6, 7; and 12, 13 were, respectively, 400 meters per minute, 2000 meters per minute, and 2000 meters per minute.
  • the roller pair 6, 7 was provided with a heating device, which heated the running surface of these rolls to 220 C.
  • the rolls 4' and 12, 13 were not provided with a heating device.
  • By an internally flowing cooling liquid the roll 4' was cooled to a temperature at the running surface of 100 C.
  • the temperature of the running surface of the roll 2' was on an average 50 C. In this run the drawing neck was maintained at guide 11 by the controller 14.
  • the drawn yarn had a tenacity of 9.5 grams per denier, an elongation at break of 21% and a shrinkage in boiling water of 17%.
  • a process for drawing a thermoplastic synthetic linear polymeric yarn which comprises feeding said yarn to a driven feed roll, passing the yarn from the feed roll to at least one rotary friction member over which the yarn slips, controlling the tensile force applied to said yarn as it slips over said rotary frictional member, and passing the yarn to a draw roll driven at a circumferential speed higher than the circumferential speed of said feed roll whereby the yarn is subjected to a first draw before contacting the rotary friction member and to a second draw after contacting the rotary friction member and then discharging the drawn yarn from said draw roll, said first draw being localized by sensing the increase in temperature due to heat being liberated at the drawing neck of said yarn and manipulating one or more process parameters affecting the drawing neck.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US863180A 1968-10-08 1969-10-02 Manufacture of drawn thermoplastic fibrillary products Expired - Lifetime US3655839A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6814352.A NL164909C (nl) 1968-10-08 1968-10-08 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het in ten minste twee trappen strekken van een thermoplastisch produkt en het volgens de werkwijze vervaardigde produkt.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3655839A true US3655839A (en) 1972-04-11

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ID=19804871

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US863180A Expired - Lifetime US3655839A (en) 1968-10-08 1969-10-02 Manufacture of drawn thermoplastic fibrillary products

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3655839A (de)
JP (1) JPS5125458B1 (de)
AR (1) AR197668A1 (de)
CH (1) CH498949A (de)
DE (1) DE1950743C3 (de)
ES (1) ES372153A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2020146A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1256376A (de)
NL (1) NL164909C (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4454196A (en) * 1980-09-25 1984-06-12 Teijin Limited Polyester multifilament yarn and a process for manufacturing the same
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3715421A (en) * 1970-04-15 1973-02-06 Viscose Suisse Soc D Process for the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate filaments
GB2101522B (en) * 1981-01-26 1984-05-31 Showa Denko Kk Producing high tenacity monofilaments
DE3840602A1 (de) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Neumuenster Masch App Vorrichtung zum verstrecken von thermoplastischen faeden
CN118149741A (zh) * 2024-05-13 2024-06-07 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种在纤维拉伸过程中确定拉伸点位置的方法及应用

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4454196A (en) * 1980-09-25 1984-06-12 Teijin Limited Polyester multifilament yarn and a process for manufacturing the same
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1950743B2 (de) 1979-08-09
CH498949A (de) 1970-11-15
NL164909C (nl) 1981-02-16
NL164909B (nl) 1980-09-15
NL6814352A (de) 1969-10-27
JPS5125458B1 (de) 1976-07-31
ES372153A1 (es) 1972-04-16
DE1950743A1 (de) 1970-04-30
DE1950743C3 (de) 1980-04-17
AR197668A1 (es) 1974-04-30
GB1256376A (en) 1971-12-08
FR2020146A1 (de) 1970-07-10

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