US3656546A - Heat exchanger structure for steam generators - Google Patents

Heat exchanger structure for steam generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3656546A
US3656546A US836296A US3656546DA US3656546A US 3656546 A US3656546 A US 3656546A US 836296 A US836296 A US 836296A US 3656546D A US3656546D A US 3656546DA US 3656546 A US3656546 A US 3656546A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
primary
pipes
tube sheets
tubes
barriers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US836296A
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English (en)
Inventor
Josef Lippitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waagner Biro AG
Original Assignee
Waagner Biro AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Waagner Biro AG filed Critical Waagner Biro AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3656546A publication Critical patent/US3656546A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1823—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines for gas-cooled nuclear reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/067—Cylindrical heat exchanger rectilinearly slidable relative to its support

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Foreign Application Priority D t Heat exchanger structure for steam generators to be used with nuclear installations, chemical installations, such as June 26, Austria ..A petrochemical plants and [he like
  • the steam generator ha primary and secondary pressure barriers between which con- [52] U.S.Cl ..165/81 1 necting pipes extend, and within the latter pipes are heat- [51] lm. Cl ..F28f 7/00 ng g t s h h xt nd from tube sheets which are 58 Field of Search ..165/8l;122/249,250 Situated within the connecting P P At least p of these tube sheets form parts of the primary and secondary pressure barriers.
  • the present invention relates to steam generators.
  • the present invention relates to steam generators which are capable of being used in plants where the heat is derived from a nuclear reactor, or in chemical installations where the heat is derived from chemical equipment, such as in the case of the petrochemical industry.
  • the heat for the steam generator is derived from hot gases which are directed into the heat exchanger so that the feedwater which is fed into the boiler tubes will be vaporized to form steam which can then be superheated.
  • the steam generator has a heatexchanging structure which includes primary and secondary barriers spaced from each other.
  • Connecting pipes extend at least in part between the primary and secondary barriers, and heat-exchanging tubes are situated within these connecting pipes and extend from tube sheets which are also situated within the connecting pipes.
  • These tube sheets themselves form, at least partly, parts of the primary and secondary pressure barriers.
  • the invention is schematically and fragrnentarily illustrated by way of example in the longitudinal sectional elevation of a heat exchanger which forms part of a steam generator.
  • the heat-exchanger structure which is shown in elevation in the drawing is designed for use with nuclear installations. However, the invention is not limited to such use and can be used with chemical installations, in particular in the petrochemical industry.
  • the heat-exchanger illustrated forms a steam generator. It includes a primary pressure barrier 1 and a secondary barrier 2.
  • the heat-exchanger tubes in which the actual heat exchange takes place are in the form of bundles of tubes, 6, 7, and 8. These bundles of tubes are schematically illustrated.
  • the bundle of tubes 6 serves to preheat the liquid and also, according to the particular operation, to vaporize the liquid, while the bundle of tubes 7 which receives the fluid from the tubes 6 serves to superheat the steam which is generated.
  • the bundle of tubes 8 serves as an intermediate superheater, but the presence of several bundles of tubes is not essential to the invention.
  • the heat is derived from a gaseous medium which flows into or out of the heat exchanger through the conduit 9.
  • This conduit 9 serves in the illustrated example to provide communication between the heat exchanger and an unillustrated reactor.
  • This gaseous medium fills the entire inner space of the heat exchanger. It flows through leakage places of the secondary barrier 2, such leakage places being formed by cracks, clearances, and the like at the secondary pressure barrier 2.
  • the bundles of tubes 7 and 8 extend from tube sheets 3 which are connected by plugs 5, which respectively extend from these plates 3, with relatively short connecting pipes extending from and through the barrier 2 and forming part of the latter with these tube sheets 3 also forming part of the secondary pressure barrier 2.
  • the secondary pressure barrier 2 takes over the functions of the primary pressure barrier at least for a length of time sufficient to separate the source of the hot gas from the heat exchanger or to terminate the operation of .the reactor.
  • the tube sheets 3 are situated withinconnecting pipes 4 which are connected in a gas-tight manner with and extend through the primary pressure barrier 1.
  • Those pipes 4 which serve to convey a hot medium which flows therethrough are provided with heat insulation 15.
  • These connecting pipes 4 are provided at their connections with the tube sheets with an enlarged diameter so that it is possible to situate plugging machines in the pipes 4 in order to close ofl damaged tubes which are connected to the tube sheets 3. In this way it becomes possible for the faulty tube or tubular coil to be placed in a condition where the cooling medium no longer flows through such tubes.
  • the several bundles of tubes 6-8 are, for example, welded into openings which are formed n the tube sheets 3.
  • the connecting pipes 4 form collecting chambers in which the medium which flows in the interior of the tubes collects, and these collecting chambers formed by the connecting pipes 4 serve to direct the fluid through the primary pressure barrier 1.
  • the connecting conduits 11 and 12 communicate with the connecting pipes 4, these conduits extending perpendicularly with respect to the pipes 4.
  • the conduit 11 serves as a supply conduit for a liquid such as water which will be converted into steam while the conduits 12 are discharge conduits through which the steam flows to any consumer units which utilize the steam.
  • the top ends of the pipes 4 are covered by closure plates 13 and 14, so that it is a simple matter upon removal of such closure plates to have easy access to the connecting pipes 4.
  • the central or innermost collecting chamber of the heat exchanger has a construction which is somewhat difierent from the other chambers formed by the connecting pipes 4.
  • this central or innermost connecting pipe 4' in which the bundle of tubes 6 is accomodated.
  • the tube sheet 3' into which the heat-exchanger tubes are rolled forms a special part of the primary pressure barrier 1.
  • the uppermost tube sheet 3' illustrated therein is the only one of the tube sheets which is situated at and forms part of the pressure barrier 1.
  • this plate 18 is formed with a plurality of bores passing therethrough so that the bundle of heat exchanging tubes 6 can extend through these bores.
  • the plate 18 is formed with clearances, which may take the form of cracks, gaps, or the like, so that upon failure of the primary pressure barrier the hot gaseous medium can only escape slowly.
  • an outer cylinder 16 which surrounds the heat-exchanger structure which extends between the primary and secondary pressure barriers.
  • This cylinder 16 is fixedly connected with the secondary pressure barrier 2. However, it has a pin-andslot connection 17 with the primary pressure barrier 1. It is therefore possible for the cylinder 16 and the primary pressure barrier l to move axially one with respect to the other in response to expansion and contraction due to temperature changes.
  • Those connecting pipes 4 which form collecting chambers for hot fluid medium are provided at the locations where they pass through the pressure barrier 1 with surrounding sleeves 19 which form heat traps, so that heat is conducted away only to a small extent in the primary pressure barrier 1.
  • the plug-type of connection formed by the plugs which respectively extend from the lower tube sheets 3 where the latter are connected with the short connecting pipes of the secondary barrier 2 have a slidable engagement with the interior of these short connecting pipes, so that it is possible to provide for free expansion and contraction of the pipe connections 4, which serve as the collecting chambers, with respect to the pressure barrier 2, as a result of the possibility of free axial shifting between the lower tube sheets 3 and the secondary barrier 2 at the plugs 5 which are freely slidable with respect to the relatively short connecting pipes of the pressure barrier 2.
  • undesirable additional stressing of the secondary pressure barrier 2 as a result of heat stresses is avoided.
  • this latter feature results in lesser stressing of the primary pressure barrier l as a result of nonuniform heat stresses.
  • connection 4' there will in general be cold feedwater which is fed to the heat exchanger which forms the steam boiler. This feedwater is vaporized into steam without being removed from the surrounding pressure vessel.
  • the pipe connections 4, in particular those through which the hot fluid flows out of the heat exchanger and in which the hot fluid is collected, or in other words those pipe connections 4 in which steam is conveyed, are provided with heat-insulating surrounding casings 15 in order to avoid heat losses between the primary and secondary pressure barriers.
  • said secondary barrier forms an inner cover of a heat-exchanger pressure vessel, a plurality of pipe connections respectively connecting at least some of said tube sheets with said inner cover, and means providing between said tube sheets and pipe connections a shiftable joint so that the latter pipe connections and tube sheets are capable of shifting one with respect to the other.
  • said tubes include an innermost bundle of tubes and an innermost tube sheet from which said innermost bundle of tubes extend, said innermost tube sheet being the only one of said sheets which form part of said primary pressure barrier, and a second tube sheet through which said innermost bundle of tubes extend with clearance, said second tube sheet forming a part of said secondary pressure barrier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US836296A 1968-06-26 1969-06-25 Heat exchanger structure for steam generators Expired - Lifetime US3656546A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT615968A AT304593B (de) 1968-06-26 1968-06-26 Gasbeheizter Wärmetauscher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3656546A true US3656546A (en) 1972-04-18

Family

ID=3583480

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US836296A Expired - Lifetime US3656546A (en) 1968-06-26 1969-06-25 Heat exchanger structure for steam generators

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3656546A (de)
AT (1) AT304593B (de)
CH (1) CH500457A (de)
DE (1) DE6925429U (de)
GB (1) GB1272313A (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2459189C2 (de) * 1974-12-14 1983-08-04 Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau GmbH, 5000 Köln Wärmetauscher kreisförmigen Querschnitts für gasförmige Medien
DE2624244C2 (de) * 1976-05-29 1985-01-24 Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau GmbH, 4600 Dortmund Rekuperativer Wärmetauscher in stehender Anordnung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222349A (en) * 1938-10-15 1940-11-19 Jones William Anthony Complete compact adjustable boiler superheater
US3256932A (en) * 1963-01-03 1966-06-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger tube arrangement

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222349A (en) * 1938-10-15 1940-11-19 Jones William Anthony Complete compact adjustable boiler superheater
US3256932A (en) * 1963-01-03 1966-06-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger tube arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT304593B (de) 1973-01-10
DE1932538A1 (de) 1970-01-29
DE1932538B2 (de) 1973-02-08
DE6925429U (de) 1970-01-08
CH500457A (de) 1970-12-15
GB1272313A (en) 1972-04-26

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