US3661729A - Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts - Google Patents

Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US3661729A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: aluminum; coloring; metal salts; component; nickel chloride
Prior art date: 1966-07-18
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US855769A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Tadahito Miyakawa

Kazuko Nagai

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1966-07-18

Filing date

1969-09-05

Publication date

1972-05-09

1969-09-05 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

1972-05-09 Application granted granted Critical

1972-05-09 Publication of US3661729A publication Critical patent/US3661729A/en

1989-05-09 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
MRZKFULVXVYJJM-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni++].[Zn++] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni++].[Zn++] MRZKFULVXVYJJM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
DOZUDUCWMNEDAB-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Ni](Cl)Cl.C(C)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound [Ni](Cl)Cl.C(C)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-] DOZUDUCWMNEDAB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
RFPKPWQUKDEDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-K S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-].[Co+2] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-].[Co+2] RFPKPWQUKDEDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 2
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1 ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
102100022166 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
101000973232 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/91—Nitro radicals
- C07D233/92—Nitro radicals attached in position 4 or 5
- C07D233/94—Nitro radicals attached in position 4 or 5 with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen or sulfur atoms, attached to other ring members
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/137—Heterocyclic compounds containing two hetero atoms, of which at least one is nitrogen

Definitions

This invention relates to a process for coloring the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloys, and more particularly to such a process employing a variety of types of electrical currents and one or more metal salt solutions.
Aluminum and aluminum alloys having colored surfaces have recently come into extensive use, for example as automobile fixtures, building materials, appliances and the like.
the coloring of the surfaces must be color fast, uniform and available in different colors in order to be of extensive use.
the electrolysis of the Asada method comprises two steps, first, a primary electrolysis using only direct current in the anodic oxidation step, and second, a secondary electrolysis using only alternating current in the coloring step.
An object of this invention is to provide a new, simple, and inexpensive process for coloring surfaces of aluminum or aluminum based alloys, which are color fast and stable.
An aluminum based surface i.e. a metal comprising aluminum or aluminum alloys
An electric current of suitable current density comprising components of alternating current and direct current is used.
the present invention includes the use of an incompletely rectified current. The current may be in a ratio such that the AC component is more than the DC component.
the aluminum or its alloys is subjected to anodic oxidation in an aqueous solution comprising mainly sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, by using an electric current comprising both AC and DC components with the AC component being more than the DC component, then the resulting anodized film is dipped in a solution containing only metal salt without supplying electric current, and then sealed to obtain a colored aluminum.
An outstanding advantage in the present invention lies in the fact that the anodic oxidation is carried out by supplying electric current comprising both AC and DC components, in an electrolyte containing mainly sulfuric acid, and that in the coloring step the supply of electric current is not necessary as compared with the above discussed Asada method.
the electric current comprising both AC and DC components, in which the AC component is greater is supplied through the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in the anodic oxidation, to form hydrogen sulfide in micropores of the anodized film by a reduction decomposition of sulfuric acid.
the current density value of the applied current depends upon the reaction conditions of the anodization step, such as for example, temperature, concentration of electrolyte, period of reaction, etc. Accordingly, no particular value is assigned to the current density.
the component of direct current should not be so high as to make the coloring difficult, nor should the component of direct current be so low as to produce anodized surfaces or films which are soft.
excessive direct current component would tend to make coloring difficult, but an insufficient amount of DC component would produce a soft surface.
a preferred range of values of AC and DC components may be specified by the ratio:
the resulting anodized film or surface is then submersed or dipped into a single solution containing one or more metal salts.
metal salt organic or inorganic
such salts may be ferric ammonium oxalate, cobalt acetate, copper sulfate, cadmium sulfate, silver nitrate, nickel chloride and the like.
concentration of metal salts in the solution is preferably within the range of from 0.1 to 10 per. cent by weight (hereinafter being the same), with a range of from 0.5 to 2.0 percent being es ecially preferred.
the treated anodized surface is then subjected to a sealing treatment which may comprise the application of steam on to the surface for a period of time ranging from 30 to 60 minutes. This causes the color to come out and the surface to become sealed.
a sealing treatment which may comprise the application of steam on to the surface for a period of time ranging from 30 to 60 minutes. This causes the color to come out and the surface to become sealed.
the density of the AC as used in the following Examples, and also as defined by Japanese industry, is defined to be:
ninuui to ho truubvtl current having a current density of 1.2 X 2 Amp/dm and direct current having a current density of 0.8 Amp/dm
the anodization was carried out at a temperature of about 20 C or room temperature, for about 70 minutes.
the samples having anodized surfaces were then treated under specific conditions listed in the below table 1, and with the following steps: (1) The anodized sample was washed with water, (2) Next, the sample was neutralized under a variety of conditions differing for each sample. (3) The neutralized sample was then again washed with water. (4) Next, the sample was dipped in a metal salt solution under a variety of condidried. (7) Thereafter, the sample was subjected to steam sealing to develop the color and to seal the surface.
the sealing was obtained by subjecting the dipped surface I to high pressure steam of 3.5 l(g./cm. pressure, for about 30 minutes to perfect the coloring. 20 minutes. i
a number of samples of aluminum alloys 25 were subjected Process, cglormg 1 Surface of an alummum based to anodization in a sulfuric acid electrolyte containing about 30 metal e i I l l 168 g/l of H 80, and 5.5 g./l. of A1, at a temperature of about mo l zmg ace an e ectro comammg i? y 20 C., for a period of time of about 60 minutes.
the anodized samples were then treated according to the DC Component steps outlined in Example 1, and under the conditions listed in the following Table 2.
EXAMPLE 3 shown in the following Table 3, in a sulfuric acid electrolyte 70 taining at least one metal salt, the concentration of said metal salt in said solution being within the range of from 0.1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight; and
said solution comprises a combination of metal salts selected from the group consisting of (1) copper acetate-nickel chloride, (2) nickel chloride-zinc chloride, and (3) cobalt acetate-copper sulfate.
Nora-A0 component in the above Sample 1 is deviated from the specified range. of the. present invention.
DC Component b dipping the resulting anodized surface in a solution containing a combination of metal salts selected from the group consisting of (1) copper acetate-nickel chloride, (2) nickel chloride-zinc chloride, and (3) cobalt acetatecopper sulfate, the concentration of said metal salts in

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
Animal Husbandry (AREA)
Zoology (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Food Science & Technology (AREA)
Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

US855769A 1966-07-18 1969-09-05 Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts Expired - Lifetime US3661729A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DER0043716		1966-07-18
CH1940568A CH507378A (de)	1966-07-18	1968-12-30	Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten anodisch oxydierten Folien aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen
US85576569A	1969-09-05	1969-09-05
US85576969A	1969-09-05	1969-09-05
US19843271A	1971-11-12	1971-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US3661729A true US3661729A (en)	1972-05-09

Family

ID=27509563

Family Applications (3)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US855769A Expired - Lifetime US3661729A (en)	1966-07-18	1969-09-05	Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts
US855765A Expired - Lifetime US3646027A (en)	1966-07-18	1969-09-05	1-substituted-nitroimidazol-2-ylalkyl carbamates
US00198432A Expired - Lifetime US3790592A (en)	1966-07-18	1971-11-12	1-substituted-5-nitroimidazol-2-ylalkyl-(n-substituted)-carbamates

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US855765A Expired - Lifetime US3646027A (en)	1966-07-18	1969-09-05	1-substituted-nitroimidazol-2-ylalkyl carbamates
US00198432A Expired - Lifetime US3790592A (en)	1966-07-18	1971-11-12	1-substituted-5-nitroimidazol-2-ylalkyl-(n-substituted)-carbamates

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
US (3)	US3661729A (de)
CH (1)	CH507378A (de)
DE (1)	DE1521941A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3717555A (en) *	1970-11-27	1973-02-20	Fentron Ind Inc	Method of producing an electrolytic coating on aluminum and the product thereof
US3878056A (en) *	1973-08-24	1975-04-15	Sumitomo Chemical Co	Process for electrolytic coloring of the anodic oxide film on a aluminum or aluminum base alloys
FR2318947A1 (fr) *	1975-07-24	1977-02-18	Sumitomo Chemical Co	Procede pour produire un film d'oxyde anodique colore en vert sur des articles en aluminium ou en alliages a base d'aluminium
US5288372A (en) *	1992-07-07	1994-02-22	Alumax Inc.	Altering a metal body surface

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
PL91799B1 (de) *	1972-04-01	1977-03-31
US3989832A (en) *	1972-04-01	1976-11-02	Boehringer Mannheim G.M.B.H.	Combating bacteria with nitroimidazolyl-triazolo-pyridiazine compounds
DE2333648A1 (de) *	1972-07-03	1974-01-24	Searle & Co	2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-l-imidazolyl)aethyl-dithiocarbamate
CH611895A5 (en) *	1975-05-27	1979-06-29	Crc Ricerca Chim	Process for the preparation of morpholinoethyl derivatives of 5-nitroimidazoles
US4269830A (en) *	1979-05-17	1981-05-26	Merck & Co., Inc.	Compositions and methods for the treatment of chronic trypanosomiasis infections
US4678799A (en) *	1984-12-24	1987-07-07	Merck & Co., Inc.	1,2(1,4)-dimethyl-4(2)-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitro-imidazole antiprotozoal agents with reduced mutagenicity
WO2005108652A1 (en) *	2004-05-07	2005-11-17	Sca Hygiene Products Ab	Anodized coating for aluminium articles

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB716554A (en) *	1951-06-25	1954-10-06	William John Campbell	Improvements in anodising aluminium and its alloys
US2901412A (en) *	1955-12-09	1959-08-25	Reynolds Metals Co	Apparatus for anodizing aluminum surfaces
US2987417A (en) *	1958-06-23	1961-06-06	Aluminum Co Of America	Pigmenting aluminum oxide coating
US3152970A (en) *	1961-10-03	1964-10-13	Darwin P Jensen	Application of pigment to anodized aluminum

1966
- 1966-07-18 DE DE19661521941 patent/DE1521941A1/de active Pending
1968
- 1968-12-30 CH CH1940568A patent/CH507378A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
1969
- 1969-09-05 US US855769A patent/US3661729A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-09-05 US US855765A patent/US3646027A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1971
- 1971-11-12 US US00198432A patent/US3790592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB716554A (en) *	1951-06-25	1954-10-06	William John Campbell	Improvements in anodising aluminium and its alloys
US2901412A (en) *	1955-12-09	1959-08-25	Reynolds Metals Co	Apparatus for anodizing aluminum surfaces
US2987417A (en) *	1958-06-23	1961-06-06	Aluminum Co Of America	Pigmenting aluminum oxide coating
US3152970A (en) *	1961-10-03	1964-10-13	Darwin P Jensen	Application of pigment to anodized aluminum

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3717555A (en) *	1970-11-27	1973-02-20	Fentron Ind Inc	Method of producing an electrolytic coating on aluminum and the product thereof
US3878056A (en) *	1973-08-24	1975-04-15	Sumitomo Chemical Co	Process for electrolytic coloring of the anodic oxide film on a aluminum or aluminum base alloys
FR2318947A1 (fr) *	1975-07-24	1977-02-18	Sumitomo Chemical Co	Procede pour produire un film d'oxyde anodique colore en vert sur des articles en aluminium ou en alliages a base d'aluminium
US4043880A (en) *	1975-07-24	1977-08-23	Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd.	Method for producing green-colored anodic oxide film on aluminum or aluminum base alloy articles
US5288372A (en) *	1992-07-07	1994-02-22	Alumax Inc.	Altering a metal body surface

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
US3646027A (en)	1972-02-29
US3790592A (en)	1974-02-05
CH507378A (de)	1971-05-15
DE1521941A1 (de)	1969-06-12

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US3382160A (en)	1968-05-07	Process for inorganically coloring aluminum
US2231373A (en)	1941-02-11	Coating of articles of aluminum or aluminum alloys
US3031387A (en)	1962-04-24	Anodic oxidation of aluminum
US4014758A (en)	1977-03-29	Continuous electrolytical treatment of aluminum or its alloys
US3661729A (en)	1972-05-09	Process for coloring anodic coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys with metal salts
US1988012A (en)	1935-01-15	Metal deposites in oxide coatings
US4042468A (en)	1977-08-16	Process for electrolytically coloring aluminum and aluminum alloys
US3639221A (en)	1972-02-01	Process for integral color anodizing
US3704209A (en)	1972-11-28	Method for electrochemical coloring of aluminum and alloys
US3878056A (en)	1975-04-15	Process for electrolytic coloring of the anodic oxide film on a aluminum or aluminum base alloys
US4024039A (en)	1977-05-17	Coloring methods for aluminum and aluminum alloys
US4070255A (en)	1978-01-24	Process for electrolytically coloring aluminum and aluminum alloys
US3616309A (en)	1971-10-26	Method of producing colored coatings on aluminum
US1965269A (en)	1934-07-03	Method of coloring aluminum
US3717555A (en)	1973-02-20	Method of producing an electrolytic coating on aluminum and the product thereof
US2987417A (en)	1961-06-06	Pigmenting aluminum oxide coating
US4430169A (en)	1984-02-07	Method of producing green coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys
US4002549A (en)	1977-01-11	Apparatus and method for continuous electrolytic coloring of aluminum articles
US2714089A (en)	1955-07-26	Electrodepositing iron
US5120405A (en)	1992-06-09	Method of coloring aluminum or aluminum alloy material
US3365377A (en)	1968-01-23	Method of sealing anodized aluminum
JPS5916994A (ja)	1984-01-28	アルミニウム材表面に着色保護皮膜を形成する方法
US3767474A (en)	1973-10-23	Sealing methods and compositions for aluminum oxide coatings
US3787298A (en)	1974-01-22	Anodizing aluminum foams
GB2053972A (en)	1981-02-11	Electrolytic colouring of anodized aluminium