US3662543A - Heat engine and a method of putting this engine into action - Google Patents

Heat engine and a method of putting this engine into action Download PDF

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Publication number
US3662543A
US3662543A US97515A US3662543DA US3662543A US 3662543 A US3662543 A US 3662543A US 97515 A US97515 A US 97515A US 3662543D A US3662543D A US 3662543DA US 3662543 A US3662543 A US 3662543A
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stroke
chamber
enclosure
during
piston
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US97515A
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English (en)
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Milorad Milisavljevic
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/02—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In an otherwise conventionally designed piston and cylinder internal combustion engine, is provided an additional, fixed volume, combustion chamber, which can communicate with the variable volume enclosure provided by the piston and cylinder. The engine operates on a six-stroke cycle.
  • the first stroke air is drawn into the enclosure; during the second, the air is compressed and introduced into the chamber; during the third, the chamber is sealed off, more air is drawn into the enclosure, fuel is injected into the chamber and the resultant mixture in the chamber is ignited; during the fourth, the air in the enclosure is compressed while combustion still carries on in the chamber; during the fifth, the chamber is made to communicate with the enclosure to bring the burning mixture into contact with the compressed air thereby to complete combustion and to drive the piston; and during the sixth, the burnt gases are exhausted.
  • the working stroke is thus the fifth.
  • An object of the invention is to enable the production of a heat engine of particularly high thermal efficiency and of simple design, corresponding largely to that of an explosion or internal combustion engine of conventional design.
  • a heat engine comprising a combustion chamber, a device for admitting fuel into this chamber, a member for igniting the fuel, means for controlling said device and said member, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder and defining therewith an enclosure of variable volume, a rod and crank assembly connecting the piston to a rotary shaft, a valve for admitting fresh air into the enclosure, a valve for exhausting the combustion gas, means for controlling each valve, a passage connecting the combustion chamber and the enclosure, a member for closing this passage and means for alternately bringing this closure member into the closed and open positions, wherein the means for controlling the device for admitting fuel into the chamber and for controlling the ignition member, the means for controlling the valves and the means for controlling the closure member are kinematically dependent on said rotary shaft and comprise their own programme for the actuation of the elements to be controlled, wherein the actuation programme for the closure member is adapted to place the closure member in the closed or open position at the beginning of a first
  • the actuation programme for the intake valve is adapted to open this valve at the beginning of said first piston stroke, to close this valve at the beginning of said second stroke, to open this valve at the beginning of said this stroke, and to close this valve from the beginning of said fourth stroke
  • the actuation programme for the exhaust valve is adapted to open this valve at least during said sixth stroke
  • the actuation programme for the device for admitting fuel into the chamber and the actuation programme for the ignition member are adapted to control, from the beginning of said third stroke, first the intake of fuel and then the ignition of this fuel, the whole arrangement being such as to achieve, in the chamber, constant volume combustion during said third and fourth strokes and, in the closure, a variable volume combustion during said fifth stroke.
  • the invention also provides a method of putting this heat engine into action, which comprises, during said first stroke, causing an intake of fresh air into the enclosure, during said second stroke, compressing this air and introducing it into the chamber, during said third stroke, sealing off the chamber from the enclosure and causing firstly a new intake of fresh air into the enclosure and secondly the admission of a charge of fuel into the chamber and the ignition of the resultant mixture of air and fuel, during said fourth stroke, compressing within the closure the fresh air that was admitted during the third stroke and letting the combustion that has started in the chamber to carry on, during said fifth stroke, putting the chamber and the enclosure into communication to bring into contact the mixture that is in the process of combustion in said chamber and the compressed airin the enclosure thereby to complete this combustion and to drive the piston through expansion of the burnt gases produced in the enclosure, and, during said sixth stroke, exhausting at least the burnt gases filling the enclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through this engine
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view ofFlG. l.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram.
  • the heat engine illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2 comprises a cylinder 1 to the lower part of which is secured a crank-case 2, containing a lubricant L, and the upper part of which carries a head 3.
  • a sliding piston 4 which is kinematically connected to a shaft 5, extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, by a rod 6 and crank 7 assembly.
  • the shaft 5 carries a flywheel, not shown, for momentarily storing kinematic energy intended to be restored to the shaft during the idle strokes of the engine, i.e. the strokes during which the piston is not having a working or driving action.
  • the side wall of the cylinder 1 is formed in its upper portion with two diametrically opposite ports f and f
  • the port f forms an opening for the admission into the cylinder of fresh air fed to the heat engine from a suitable air inlet and through a duct, both not shown, terminating at a conduit 8 solid with the cylinder 1.
  • This port f can be closed by a valve 9 which is subjected, firstly, to the action of a return spring 10 tending to keep it in the open position and, secondly, to the action of a cam 11 solid with a shaft 12 and intended to provide a programmed control of the valve 9 as described further on.
  • the shaft 12 is driven off the shaft 5, at a speed equal to one third of that of this shaft, by a transmission not shown.
  • the top wall of the chamber 14 is formed with a port 12, providing an outlet opening.
  • This port can be closed by a valve 19 which a spring 20 tends to keep in the open position and which is subjected to the action of a cam 21 keyed on a shaft 22.
  • This shaft like the shafts 12 and 18, is rotated off the shaft 5 via a transmission, not shown, providing a 1:3 gear reduction ratio.
  • a fuel injector 23 which is supplied under pressure by a pump not shown, and a sparking plug 24 which is connected to a voltage pulse source, also not shown.
  • the injector and the sparking plug are both engaged at one end, not visible in the drawing, inside the chamber 14.
  • Cams not shown which are kinematically dependent on the shaft 5, cause at the appropriate moment fuel to be injected into the chamber 14 and to be ignited by the plug.
  • FIG. 3 shows the actuation programme for the three valves 9, and 19, for the injector 23 and for the plug 24 in dependence on these six strokes (I, II, III, IV, V and VI).
  • This programme corresponds to the aspect of the profile of the cams for actuating these elements, the rises and the dips" of each cam outline succeeding each other, in fact, in the order order and over an angular length of each can corresponding to those of the outline of the FIG. 3 diagram.
  • cams are angularly keyed on their respective shafts so as to occupy positions corresponding to the beginning or to the end of a cycle when the position 4 is at the top dead point and is about to move towards its bottom dead point, under the shaft 5.
  • valves 15 and 9 which were previously in the open position and in the closed position respectively, are moved to their closed position and their open position respectively, whereas the valve 19 is kept in its closed position. Consequently, the chamber 14 is cut off from both the cylinder 1 and the ambient atmosphere, and the piston 4, through moving from the top dead point to the bottom dead point, sets up in the cylinder 4 a partial vacuum causing air to be drawn in through the port f,.
  • the cams l7, l1 and 21 respectively cause the valve 15 to open, the valve 9 to close and the valve 19 to open. Since the piston 4 is returning to its top dead point and the cylinder is in communication with the chamber 14, the air that is drawn into the cylinder during the first stroke is forced into this chamber, partly escapes through the port f, and scavenges the cylinder and the chamber 14. This scavenging action quickly ceases however since the cam 21 causes the valve 19 to close (FIG. 3) when the piston 4 has just started to move towards its top dead point.
  • the earns 17 and 11 respectively cause the valve 15 to close and the valve 9 to open so that the chamber 14 is again out off from the cylinder 11 and so that the port f enabling air to enter the cylinder 1, is opened.
  • the piston 4 then moves from its top dead point to its bottom dead point (third stroke), thus setting up a partial vacuum in the cylinder which again causes air to be drawn into the latter.
  • the cam actuating the injector 23 causes a charge of fuel to be injected into the chamber 14 (line 23 in FIG. 3) to form in this chamber a gaseous mixture which is immediately ignited by the plug 24 under the control of its associated cam.
  • combustion can carry on for a relatively long period of time, corresponding to that taken by two strokes of the described cycle, this combustion can take place in a particularly complete manner and the pressure energy obtained from this combustion will be very considerable.
  • valve 19 is moved to the open position whereas the valves 15 and 9 are kept in the open position and in the closed position respectively.
  • Such a heat engine can operate satisfactorily at even quite high altitudes, the cycle which is particular thereto including two air intake and compression strokes instead of only one, as is the case with a four-stroke engine.
  • a heat engine comprising a combustion chamber, a device for admitting fuel into this chamber, a member for igniting the fuel, means for controlling said device and said member, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder and defining therewith an enclosure of variable volume, a rod and crank assembly connecting the piston to a rotary shaft, a valve for admitting fresh air into the enclosure, a valve for exhausting the combustion gas, means for controlling each valve, a passage connecting the combustion chamber and the enclosure, a member for closing this passage and means for alternately bringing this enclosure member into the closed and open positions, wherein the means for controlling the device for admitting fuel into the chamber and for controlling the ignition member, the means for controlling the valves and the means for controlling the closure member are kinematically dependent on said rotary shaft and comprise their own programme for the actuation of the elements to be controlled, wherein the actuation programme for the closure member is adapted to place the closure member in the closed or open position at the beginning of a first stroke of the piston from its top dead
  • the actuation programme for the intake valve is adapted to open this valve at the beginning of said first stroke of the engine, to close this valve at the beginning of said second stroke, to open this valve at the beginning of said third stroke, and to close this valve from the beginning of said fourth stroke
  • the actuation programme for the exhaust valve is adapted to open this valve at least during said sixth stroke
  • the actuation programme for the device for admitting fuel into the chamber and the actuation programme for the ignition member are adapted to control, from the beginning of said third stroke, first the intake of fuel and then the ignition of this fuel, the whole arrangement being such as to achieve, in the chamber, constant volume combustion during said third and fourth strokes and, in the enclosure, a variable volume combustion during said fifth stroke.
  • a method of putting the heat engine according to claim 1 into action which comprises, during said first stroke, causing an intake of fresh air into the enclosure, during said second stroke, compressing this air and introducing it into the chamber, during said third stroke, sealing off the chamber from the enclosure and causing firstly a new intake of fresh air into the enclosure and secondly the admission of a charge of fuel into the chamber and the ignition of the resultant mixture of air and fuel, during said fourth stroke, compressing within the enclosure the fresh air that was admitted during the third stroke and letting the combustion that has started in the chamber to carry on, during said fifth stroke, putting the chamber and the enclosure into communication to bring into contact the mixture that is in the process of combustion in said chamber and the compressed air in the enclosure thereby to complete this combustion and to drive the piston through expansion of the burnt gases produced in the enclosure, and, during said sixth stroke, exhausting at least the burnt gases filling the enclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
US97515A 1969-12-17 1970-12-14 Heat engine and a method of putting this engine into action Expired - Lifetime US3662543A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1891369A CH525383A (fr) 1969-12-17 1969-12-17 Machine thermique

Publications (1)

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US3662543A true US3662543A (en) 1972-05-16

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US97515A Expired - Lifetime US3662543A (en) 1969-12-17 1970-12-14 Heat engine and a method of putting this engine into action

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US (1) US3662543A (fr)
BE (1) BE760377A (fr)
CH (1) CH525383A (fr)
DE (1) DE2063089A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2073925A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1331070A (fr)
SE (1) SE360145B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896775A (en) * 1974-08-21 1975-07-29 Raymond C Melby Supercharged six-stroke cycle combustion engine
US4289097A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-09-15 Ward Charles P Six-cycle engine
US4809511A (en) * 1986-06-25 1989-03-07 Roger Bajulaz Internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5010852A (en) * 1989-04-14 1991-04-30 Milisavljevic Milorad S Heat engine
DE4238526C1 (de) * 1992-11-14 1994-01-05 Josef Lipinski Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Brennraum, welcher in zwei Teilbrennräume aufgeteilt ist
DE102006014240A1 (de) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Möllmann, Jochen Sechstakt-Verbrennungsmotor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1328160A (en) * 1920-01-13 External-explosion engine
US1849347A (en) * 1928-06-08 1932-03-15 Samuel Summer External combustion engine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1328160A (en) * 1920-01-13 External-explosion engine
US1849347A (en) * 1928-06-08 1932-03-15 Samuel Summer External combustion engine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896775A (en) * 1974-08-21 1975-07-29 Raymond C Melby Supercharged six-stroke cycle combustion engine
US4289097A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-09-15 Ward Charles P Six-cycle engine
US4809511A (en) * 1986-06-25 1989-03-07 Roger Bajulaz Internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE760377A (fr) 1971-01-01
GB1331070A (en) 1973-09-19
DE2063089A1 (de) 1971-06-24
FR2073925A5 (fr) 1971-10-01
SE360145B (fr) 1973-09-17
CH525383A (fr) 1972-07-15

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