US3662717A - Waste-heat boiler - Google Patents

Waste-heat boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3662717A
US3662717A US102588A US10258870A US3662717A US 3662717 A US3662717 A US 3662717A US 102588 A US102588 A US 102588A US 10258870 A US10258870 A US 10258870A US 3662717 A US3662717 A US 3662717A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coolant
tubes
waste
heat boiler
ejectors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US102588A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard Willem Ter Haar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Oil Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3662717A publication Critical patent/US3662717A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen; using mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen; using mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An improved waste-heat boiler for cooling and recovering heat from hot gases.
  • the improvement comprises employing two concentric tubes for delivering coolant liquid, the coolant liquid from the innerconcentric tube under pressure serving as feed to a plurality of ejectors which draw coolant liquid from the outer concentric tube and by means of an arrangement of spray nozzle arms, direct the coolant against the bottom plate of the boiler and the inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes connected thereto.
  • This invention relates to an improved apparatus for cooling and abstracting heat from high temperature gases with the generation of steam at superatmospheric pressures, e.g., pressures of from 5-l50 atmospheres.
  • the waste-heat boiler herein provided is particularly suitable for the recovery of sen sible heat from hot, soot-containing gases obtained by partial combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g., hydrogen and carbon monoxide-containing synthesis gas obtained from an oil gasification process.
  • Crude synthesis gas produced by the partial combustion of hydrocarbons generally is discharged from the reactor at a temperature of from l,300 to 1,400 C. or higher, thus making it an obvious source of potential'energy.
  • the thermal energy in synthesis gas can be recovered only with great difficulty utilizing conventional heat exchangers, because of the presence in such gas of large amounts of soot (i.e., free carbon), often up to 5 percent or more, which tends to deposit on the inside of the exchange tubes.
  • soot i.e., free carbon
  • Coolant liquid is normally admitted into the waste-heat boiler through a vertical, radially spaced tube which can be provided with a nozzle so that the coolant is discharged against the hot bottom plate, after which it ascends upward into the space formed between the coolant tube and the shell of the waste-heat boiler, thereby cooling the straight and/or helically coiled tube or tubes accommodated therein.
  • the heat exchange tubes comprise two or more helically coiled tubes each connected to a straight tube through which the hot gas is initially flowed.
  • the straight tubes may be of relatively short length and thus serve merely as connecting pieces, or may be selected longer, if desired, for constructional reasons or to reduce the temperature of the gases before they enter the first coil of the helically coiled tubes.
  • a central ejector issuing vertically from the lower end of the inner concentric tube, together with at least one ancillary ejector issuing laterally from the lower end of said tube.
  • the spray nozzle anns extending from the outer concentric tube will be positioned so as to cooperate with and receive coolant from the ejectors, and to direct coolant streams against the bottom plate and the inlet ends of the exchange tubes.
  • the use of a central and plurality of ancillary ejectors and corresponding central and ancillary spray nozzle arms ensures even cooling of the bottom plate and inlet ends of the exchange tubes.
  • the coolant in the outer concentric tube can be used to provide a measure of cooling even if the flow of coolant in the inner tube is interrupted. This can be conveniently accomplished, for example, by connecting the outer tube to a storage vessel containing coolant located above the waste-heat boiler, so that a continued supply of coolant is ensured even if coolant pressure in the inner tube should fail.
  • the space of the waste-heat boiler in which the'ejector nozzle arrangement is accommodated has, at the point of connection of the ejectors and nozzles to the concentric tubes, a free cross-sectional area which does not exceed 30 percent of the space accommodating the helical coils. This results in an improved flow of the coolant through the waste-heat boiler.
  • baffle plates which, for example, with'a waste-heat boiler having four straight tubes, may have the shape of a curved shield and bedisposed symmetrically along the wall of the space, the concave side facing the wall.
  • the temperature of the gases to be cooled may be lowered by injecting a coolant, for example, water, into the gases after they have left the reaction chamber.
  • a coolant for example, water
  • This precooling of the gases may be carried out continuously or temporarily, for example, if difficulties should be encountered in supplying coolant to the waste-heat boiler.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for the partial combustion of hydrocarbons and the cooling thereof.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the waste-heat boiler.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of an embodiment-of the wasteheat boiler through the space accommodating the straight tubes, i.e., immediately above the outflow point of the spray nozzle arms with which the ancillary ejectors cooperate.
  • the waste-heat boiler depicted has four helical coils each connected to a straight tube.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the wasteheat boiler through the space accommodating the straight tubes, i.e., at some distance above the level at which the ejector-nozzles are connected.
  • the waste-heat boiler is provided with four helical coils each connected to a straight tube and with four baffle plates which are arranged in the space accommodating the straight tubes and which extend near to the bottom plate.
  • part A represents a reactor for partially combusting hydrocarbons which is provided with fuel supply line q leading to burner part A of the reactor, and oxygen supply line b. Steam, if used, can be supplied through either q and/or b.
  • Part B is a connection between the reactor and connecting piece C.
  • the hot gases are passed through the connection B and the connecting piece to waste-heat boiler D which is provided with two straight tubes and two helical coils, discharges c and d for the cooled gases, inlets e and f for the coolant (e.g., water) and outlet k for the coolant.
  • the straight tubes are designated by g and h, and the helical coils by i and j.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a part of the embodiment of the waste-heat boiler.
  • the waste-heat boiler comprises cylindrical vessel 1 having bottom plate 2, placed on connecting piece 3 which is provided with gas supply line 4.
  • the waste-heat boiler further comprises concentric tubes 5 and 6 through which the coolant is supplied (under pressure in tube 6), the bottom ends of which are linked to a spray nozzle comprising central ejector 11 which cooperates with central arm 12 and two ancillary ejectors 7 and 8 which cooperate with arms 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the coolant preferably water, is supplied through concentric tubes 5 and 6 and is sprayed against the bottom plate by the arms 9, l0 and 12, after which it flows upwards thereby cooling the straight tubes designated by 13 and 14.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section through the space accommodating the straight tubes, taken immediately above the discharge point of the spray nozzle arms of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, but which has four helical coils, each connected to a straight tube.
  • the cross section shows the four straight tubes, the central arm of the spray noule and the four arms with which the ancillary ejectors cooperate.
  • reference numerals 21, 22, 23 and 24 designate the straight tubes
  • 25 is the central arm of the spray nozzle
  • 26, 27, 28 and 29 are the arms with which the ancillary ejectors cooperate.
  • the outflowing coolant acquires a horizontal component of movement as a result of the lateral curvature of arms 26, 27, 28 and 29.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section through the space accommodating the straight tubes of an embodiment of the waste-heat boiler having the configuration shown in FIG. 3, but in which the cross section is taken at some distance above the point at which the ejector-nozzle arrangement is connected.
  • the cross section shows the four straight tubes, the concentric tubes through which the coolant flows and the baffle plates for the coolant.
  • the reference numerals 31, 32, 33 and 34 designate the straight tubes
  • 35 is the inner tube through which the coolant flows under pressure
  • 36 is the outer tube from which the coolant is drawn by the ejectors
  • 37, 38, 39 and 40 are the baffle plates for the coolant.
  • a waste-heat boiler for generating vapors from a coolant by heat transfer from a high temperature gas which comprises: (1) a closed vessel having a bottom plate and an outlet means for discharging vaporized and liquid coolant; (2) a plurality of straight tubes into which hot gas is introduced, each connected at its inlet end to the bottom plate and at its outlet end to a helically coiled tube through which the gas is flowed and discharged from an upper part of said vessel; (3) two vertical concentric tubes for supplying coolant liquid mounted within said vessel in a radially spaced relation thereto and defining with said vessel an elongated annular space in which said straight and helically coiled tubes are situated; (4) a central ejector and plurality of ancillary ejectors by means of which coolant is drawn from the outer of said concentric tubes, said ejectors issuing from the lower end of the inner of said concentric tubes and being fed by coolant supplied therefrom; (5) a central spray nozzle arm and plurality

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
US102588A 1970-01-21 1970-12-30 Waste-heat boiler Expired - Lifetime US3662717A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7000812.A NL166905C (nl) 1970-01-21 1970-01-21 Inrichting voor het bereiden en koelen van een water- stof en koolmonoxide bevattend gasmengsel met een reactiekamer en een warmtewisselaar met ten minste gedeeltelijk schroefvormig gewonden pijpen.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3662717A true US3662717A (en) 1972-05-16

Family

ID=19809144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US102588A Expired - Lifetime US3662717A (en) 1970-01-21 1970-12-30 Waste-heat boiler

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US3662717A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5338274B1 (cs)
AT (1) AT319282B (cs)
BE (1) BE761460A (cs)
CA (1) CA938106A (cs)
CH (1) CH556797A (cs)
CS (1) CS171223B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2102368C3 (cs)
DK (1) DK132615C (cs)
ES (1) ES387406A1 (cs)
FI (1) FI53829C (cs)
FR (1) FR2075714A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1340254A (cs)
IE (1) IE34897B1 (cs)
NL (1) NL166905C (cs)
NO (1) NO132793C (cs)
SE (1) SE358618B (cs)
SU (1) SU473378A3 (cs)
TR (1) TR16781A (cs)
ZA (1) ZA71321B (cs)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3788281A (en) * 1972-03-27 1974-01-29 Shell Oil Co Process and waste-heat boiler for cooling soot-containing synthesis gas
US4029054A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-06-14 Shell Oil Company Waste heat boiler
US4243097A (en) * 1975-08-27 1981-01-06 Shell Oil Company Waste heat boiler
US4270493A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-06-02 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Steam generating heat exchanger
US20090041642A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 General Electric Company Radiant coolers and methods for assembling same
US20090038155A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Judeth Helen Brannon Corry Syngas coolers and methods for assembling same
US8269170B2 (en) 2003-04-23 2012-09-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods and systems for remote detection of gases
US11807822B2 (en) * 2019-02-05 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Producing synthetic gas

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2790428A (en) * 1952-12-23 1957-04-30 Buttler John Allen Instantaneous steam generators
US2967515A (en) * 1956-12-21 1961-01-10 Shell Oil Co Waste-heat boiler

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2790428A (en) * 1952-12-23 1957-04-30 Buttler John Allen Instantaneous steam generators
US2967515A (en) * 1956-12-21 1961-01-10 Shell Oil Co Waste-heat boiler

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3788281A (en) * 1972-03-27 1974-01-29 Shell Oil Co Process and waste-heat boiler for cooling soot-containing synthesis gas
US4029054A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-06-14 Shell Oil Company Waste heat boiler
US4243097A (en) * 1975-08-27 1981-01-06 Shell Oil Company Waste heat boiler
US4270493A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-06-02 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Steam generating heat exchanger
US8269170B2 (en) 2003-04-23 2012-09-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods and systems for remote detection of gases
US20090041642A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 General Electric Company Radiant coolers and methods for assembling same
US20090038155A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Judeth Helen Brannon Corry Syngas coolers and methods for assembling same
US8191617B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2012-06-05 General Electric Company Syngas cooler and cooling tube for use in a syngas cooler
US8240366B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2012-08-14 General Electric Company Radiant coolers and methods for assembling same
US11807822B2 (en) * 2019-02-05 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Producing synthetic gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL166905C (nl) 1981-10-15
ES387406A1 (es) 1973-05-01
GB1340254A (en) 1973-12-12
FI53829B (fi) 1978-05-02
DK132615C (da) 1976-05-31
NL7000812A (cs) 1971-07-23
DE2102368C3 (de) 1980-02-07
NO132793B (cs) 1975-09-29
DK132615B (da) 1976-01-12
SE358618B (cs) 1973-08-06
IE34897L (en) 1971-07-21
IE34897B1 (en) 1975-09-17
FI53829C (fi) 1978-08-10
FR2075714A5 (cs) 1971-10-08
DE2102368A1 (de) 1971-08-05
CA938106A (en) 1973-12-11
BE761460A (nl) 1971-07-12
CH556797A (de) 1974-12-13
AT319282B (de) 1974-12-10
JPS5338274B1 (cs) 1978-10-14
CS171223B2 (cs) 1976-10-29
DE2102368B2 (de) 1979-05-10
ZA71321B (en) 1971-10-27
TR16781A (tr) 1973-05-01
NO132793C (cs) 1976-01-07
NL166905B (nl) 1981-05-15
SU473378A3 (ru) 1975-06-05

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