US3666232A - Method and means for reducing the response time of magnetic valves - Google Patents

Method and means for reducing the response time of magnetic valves Download PDF

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Publication number
US3666232A
US3666232A US32495A US3249570A US3666232A US 3666232 A US3666232 A US 3666232A US 32495 A US32495 A US 32495A US 3249570 A US3249570 A US 3249570A US 3666232 A US3666232 A US 3666232A
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Prior art keywords
valve
voltage
coil
oscillator
source
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Expired - Lifetime
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US32495A
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English (en)
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Kurt Melcher
Wilhelm Vogel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1811—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current demagnetising upon switching off, removing residual magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2044—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using pre-magnetisation or post-magnetisation of the coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2068—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements
    • F02D2041/2072—Bridge circuits, i.e. the load being placed in the diagonal of a bridge to be controlled in both directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2068—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements
    • F02D2041/2079—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements the circuit having several coils acting on the same anchor

Definitions

  • the power transistors are connected to function as an astable multivibrator which is turned on and off by the con- 56 R f Cited trol transistor.
  • the astable multivibrator provides rectangular- 1 e erences shaped alternating voltage to the operating coil of the valve UNITED STATES PATENTS for de-magnetizing the valve before or after operation of actuation of the valve.
  • the present invention relates to a process for reducing the response time of magnetic valves, and an arrangement for carrying out the process.
  • Magnetic valves with short response times are installed in electronically controlled fuel injection arrangements for internal combustion engines. This applies particularly to high-speed machines.
  • Means for shortening the response time of magnetic valves are already known in the art.
  • Such conventional means consists, for example, of reducing the masses of the movable parts subjected to the magnetic forces, and to increase the surfaces upon which the magnetic forces are applied.
  • the conventional means furthermore, involves reduction of the inductance of the operating coils.
  • the solution to the problem resides in a process through which the operating coil of the magnetic valve has applied to it an alternating voltage of predetermined frequency after or before each actuation of the valve. This alternating voltage serves to de-magnetize the valve.
  • An arrangement for carrying out the process, in accordance with the present invention consists of providing an oscillator which is connected to the operating coil of the magnetic valve and which may be turned on and off, in accordance with the actuation of the valve.
  • An advantageous operation of the valve is realized when, in accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the output voltage of the oscillator is substantially of rectangular-shaped form.
  • the power received by the operating coil of the magnetic valve within a predetermined time interval, is as a first approximation, proportional to the time integral of the applied voltage.
  • the time integral is evidently larger for a rectangular-shaped alternating voltage, without gaps, than for a sinusoidal-shaped voltage of equal amplitude and otherwise comparable conditions.
  • An astable multivibrator is used to provide simple and reliable operation of an oscillator.
  • the valve has a center-tapped coil, with the center tap connected to a source of D.C. operating voltage.
  • the end terminals of the electromagnetic coil of the valve are each connected to one collector of two power transistors which function together in the form of an astable multivibrator.
  • the base voltage supply for the power transistors is derived from a voltage divider having one common resistor connected to the D.C. voltage source. Two separate resistors are connected to the bases of the power transistors and to the common resistor.
  • a control transistor is connected across the base voltage supply for the two power transistors.
  • the astable multivibrator serves to apply a substantially rectangular-shaped alternating voltage to the coil for the purpose of de-magnetizing the ferromagnetic parts of the valve. De-magnetization of the valve is applied either before or after actual operation or actuation of the valve in usage.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram for de-magnetization of a magnetic valve through the use of an oscillator, in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 2a illustrate the magnetic characteristics relative to the operation of the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a voltage-time diagram of the control voltage of the oscillator, whereby the oscillator is switched on and off in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the flux density and magnetization as a function of time of the magnetic valve in FIG. 1.
  • the magnetic valve 10 includes a pretensioned spring 11 which operates in the closing direction, upon an armature 12 which is movable subjected to a magnetic field.
  • the closure of the magnetic valve results from the aid of a closing member or closure member 13 which is operatively connected to the armature 12.
  • the closure member 13 has a conically shaped portion which is fitted into a valve seat 14.
  • the fuel to be sprayed by the magnetic valve is applied through the entrance 15.
  • the operating coil 16 of the magnetic valve has a center tap 17, as well as the two terminals 18 and 19.
  • the center tap 17 is connected directly to the positive terminal of a voltage operating source U,,.
  • the terminals 18 and 19 are each connected to collectors of transistors of the npn type in the form of power transistors T10 and T11. Thus, the terminal 18 is connected to the collector of T10, whereas terminal 19 is connected to the collector of T11.
  • the emitter of the power transistor T10 is connected to the emitter of the power transistor T11, and both emitters are joined to the voltage supply line 25 connected to ground potential.
  • each power transistor T10 and T11 leads to the voltage supply line 25, through a circuit consisting of a resistor connected in parallel with a capacitor.
  • the resistor R10 is provided in parallel combination to the capacitor C10.
  • the parallel circuit of resistor R11 and capacitor C11 associated with the transistor T11, is the parallel circuit of resistor R11 and capacitor C11.
  • the collector of a control transistor T12 is connected to a circuit junction 26, whereas the emitter of this control transistor T12 is also connected to ground potential through the voltage supply line 25.
  • the base of transistor T11 is similarly connected to the circuit junction 26, through the series circuit of resistor R13 and diode D11.
  • the cathode of the two diodes D10 and D11 are directly connected to the bases of the two transistors.
  • the power transistor T10 operates in conjunction with the diode D10 and resistor R12
  • the power transistor T11 operates in conjunction with the diode D1 1 and resistor R13.
  • Connected, furthermore, to the collector of the transistor T11 is the series circuit consisting of capacitor C12 and resistor R14.
  • This series circuit of the latter components is, moreover, connected to the anode of the diode D10, the cathode of which is connected to the base of the power transistor T10.
  • the collector of the power transistor T10 is coupled to the anode of the diode D11, through the series circuit consisting of capacitor C13 and resistor R15.
  • the cathode of the diode D11 is directly connected to the base of the power transistor T11.
  • the emitter of the control transistor T12 is directly connected to the ground voltage line 25.
  • FIG. 2 shows two diagrams with two magnetizing characteristics which apply to the magnetic valve 10, and in particular to the ferromagnetic parts thereof.
  • the left diagram in FIG. 2 provides the general magnetizing characteristics for a magnetic valve which is not demagnetized.
  • a maximum field strength Hm prevails, and a corresponding flux density Bs prevails correspondingly to the field intensity I-Im at the armature, for example.
  • the flux density Bs appears at the beginning of saturation of the iron.
  • the magnetic flux density B takes the path of the upper curve in the direction from ES to Br.
  • the flux density Br is the residual flux remaining when the field intensity H is zero.
  • the iron parts of the arrangement used in the operation of the magnetic valve therefore, always possess magnetic properties in the un-excited state of the associated electromagnetic coil. This remaining magnetic property in the form of residual magnetic flux, causes an attractive force between the armature and the remaining ferromagnetic parts of the valve. In order that the magnetic valve remains securely closed in the unexcited state of the coil, however, the force resulting from the residual magnetism must be supplemented through the oppositely directed force applied by the spring 1 1.
  • FIG. 20 shows the function of the flux density or magnetization B as a function of the field intensity H when the ferromagnetic parts of the magnetic valve are de-magnetized.
  • the flux density B then becomes zero when the voltage applied to the electromagnetic coil is removed or turned ofl".
  • the closure force which is required to retain the magnetic valve in the closed state can then be made considerably smaller. If a de-magnetized valve is connected to the operating voltage source again, considerably larger forces may be used for accelerating the armature, when the construction of the magnetic valve remains the same. This is because the magnetic forces opposite to the force applied by the spring 11, may be reduced as a result of the decrease or complete dropout of the residual magnetism.
  • the resistor R16 which is connected between the junction point 26 and the operating voltage U serves as the collector resistance for the control transistor T12.
  • a potential is applied to the bases of the power transistors T and T1 1 through the resistor R16.
  • This voltage applied to these bases is transmitted through the feedback branches R14, C12, and R15, C13.
  • the diodes D10 and D11 protect the base-emitter paths of the power transistors T10 and T11, from being subjected to voltages of excessive magnitudes. Since the construction and operation of multivibrator circuits are well known in the art, the details of this circuit are not further described here.
  • the transistors T10 and T11 are alternatingly in the conducting and cut-off state. As a result, current flows alternatingly through each half winding of the tapped coil of the magnetic valve. With each switching of the multivibrator, the flux density changes in the magnetic circuit of the valve. The change of the flux density, in this manner, is with respect to its sign or polarity. If, now, such a control voltage is applied to the control transistor T12, so that the latter becomes conducting, a voltage drop appears across the resistor R16 to the extent that the power transistors T10 and T1 1 become turned off through the voltage divider consisting of resistors R12, R10 and R13, R11. The multivibrator commences thereby to cease operation by ceasing to oscillate. The oscillations of the multivibrator are thereby related with the rise of the control voltage U so that the ferromagnetic parts of the magnetic valve 10 become thereby de-magnetized.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the voltage U as a function of time
  • FIG. 4 shows the resulting magnetic flux density B as a function of time, when prevailing, for example, at the armature of the magnetic valve 10.
  • the function of the flux density or magnetization of FIG. 4 is represented in ideal form.
  • the selfinduction of the operating coil which has the effect of providing rounded comers on the curve, has been neglected.
  • These simplified curves are very close to the actual function, since the inductance of the operating coils is to be maintained substantially small.
  • An arrangement for reducing the response time of a magnetic valve comprising, in combination, an electromagnetic coil in said magnetic valve for operating said valve upon applying an actuating signal to said coil; a source of alternating voltage providing an alternating voltage of predetermined frequency; connecting means between said source of alternating voltage and said electromagnetic coil for applying said voltage to said coil before or after operation of said valve, so that said valve is de-magnetized through application of said alternating voltage to said coil, whereby residual magnetism in said electromagnetic coil is substantially removed through said demagnetization of said valve prior to a subsequent operation of said valve, said residual magnetism increasing the response time of said valve to said actuating signal, said source of alternating voltage comprising an oscillator; controlling means connected to said oscillator for turning said oscillator on and off, the output voltage of said oscillator being substantially rectangular-shaped, said oscillator comprising an astable multivibrator, said astable multivibrator comprising two power transistors and a control transistor connected across the base supply voltage for said power transistors; voltage dividing means connected
  • An arrangement for reducing the response time of a magnetic valve comprising, in combination, an electromagnetic coil in said magnetic valve for operating said valve upon applying an actuating signal to said coil; a source of alternating voltage providing an alternating voltage of predetermined frequency; connecting means between said source of alternating voltage and said electromagnetic coil for applying said voltage to said coil before or after operation of said valve, so that said valve is de-magnetized through application of said alternating voltage to said coil, whereby residual magnetism in said electromagnetic coil is substantially removed through said demagnetization of said valve prior to a subsequent operation of said valve, said residual magnetism increasing the response time of said valve to said actuating signal, said source of alternating voltage comprising an oscillator; controlling means connected to said oscillator for turning said oscillator on and off, the output voltage of said oscillator being substantially rectangular-shaped, said oscillator comprising an astable multivibrator, said astable multivibrator comprising two power transistors and a control transistor connected across the base supply voltage for said power transistors; voltage dividing means connected
  • An arrangement for reducing the response time of a magnetic valve comprising, in combination, an electromagnetic coil in said magnetic valve for operating said valve upon applying an actuating signal to said coil; a source of alternating voltage providing an alternating voltage of predetermined frequency; connecting means between said source of alternating voltage and said electromagnetic coil for applying said voltage to said coil before or after operation of said valve, so that said valve is de-magnetized through application of said alternating voltage to said coil, whereby residual magnetism in said electromagnetic coil is substantially removed through said demagnetization of said valve prior to a subsequent operation of said valve, said residual magnetism increasing the response time of said valve to said actuating signal, said source of alternating voltage comprising an oscillator; controlling means connected to said oscillator for turning said oscillator on and off, the output voltage of said oscillator being substantially rectangular-shaped, said oscillator comprising an astable multivibrator, said astable multivibrator comprising two power transistors and a control transistor connected across the base supply voltage for said power transistors; and a source of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US32495A 1969-04-18 1970-04-14 Method and means for reducing the response time of magnetic valves Expired - Lifetime US3666232A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691919702 DE1919702A1 (de) 1969-04-18 1969-04-18 Verfahren zum Verringern der Ansprechzeit von Magnetventilen

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US (1) US3666232A (de)
CH (1) CH508131A (de)
DE (1) DE1919702A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2045500A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1306715A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4453652A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-06-12 Nordson Corporation Controlled current solenoid driver circuit
FR2538942A1 (fr) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-06 Renault Dispositif de commande d'organe(s) electromagnetique(s) a actionnement rapide, tel(s) qu'electrovanne(s) ou injecteur(s)
EP0245540A3 (de) * 1986-05-15 1988-03-02 VDO Adolf Schindling AG Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Einspritzventils
US5190223A (en) * 1988-10-10 1993-03-02 Siemens Automotive L.P. Electromagnetic fuel injector with cartridge embodiment
US5402760A (en) * 1992-05-21 1995-04-04 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection control apparatus for internal combustion engine
WO2013041283A1 (de) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und ansteuervorrichtung zum ansteuern eines elektromagnetischen aktuators
US11300345B2 (en) 2016-12-27 2022-04-12 MVE Biological Solutions US, LLC Shock-survivable dewar

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834446A1 (de) * 1988-10-10 1990-04-12 Mesenich Gerhard Elektromagnetisches einspritzventil in patronenbauweise
DE102019217405A1 (de) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verbesserte Steuerung eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators mittels einer Hystereselöschung und eines Zweipunktreglers

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1318728A (fr) * 1962-01-10 1963-02-22 App Nouveaux Et D Outil S Rati Vanne commandée par courant alternatif pour divers fluides
US3219095A (en) * 1961-06-22 1965-11-23 Hoganasmetoder Ab Pulsed oil feeding system for industrial furnaces
US3334316A (en) * 1964-08-13 1967-08-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Feedback modulator oscillator
US3458769A (en) * 1965-08-27 1969-07-29 Lucifer Sa Electrically controlled valve

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219095A (en) * 1961-06-22 1965-11-23 Hoganasmetoder Ab Pulsed oil feeding system for industrial furnaces
FR1318728A (fr) * 1962-01-10 1963-02-22 App Nouveaux Et D Outil S Rati Vanne commandée par courant alternatif pour divers fluides
US3334316A (en) * 1964-08-13 1967-08-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Feedback modulator oscillator
US3458769A (en) * 1965-08-27 1969-07-29 Lucifer Sa Electrically controlled valve

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4453652A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-06-12 Nordson Corporation Controlled current solenoid driver circuit
FR2538942A1 (fr) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-06 Renault Dispositif de commande d'organe(s) electromagnetique(s) a actionnement rapide, tel(s) qu'electrovanne(s) ou injecteur(s)
EP0245540A3 (de) * 1986-05-15 1988-03-02 VDO Adolf Schindling AG Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Einspritzventils
US5190223A (en) * 1988-10-10 1993-03-02 Siemens Automotive L.P. Electromagnetic fuel injector with cartridge embodiment
US5402760A (en) * 1992-05-21 1995-04-04 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection control apparatus for internal combustion engine
WO2013041283A1 (de) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und ansteuervorrichtung zum ansteuern eines elektromagnetischen aktuators
CN103814418A (zh) * 2011-09-20 2014-05-21 Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 用于驱控电磁执行器的方法和驱控设备
US11300345B2 (en) 2016-12-27 2022-04-12 MVE Biological Solutions US, LLC Shock-survivable dewar

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Publication number Publication date
GB1306715A (en) 1973-02-14
FR2045500A5 (de) 1971-02-26
CH508131A (de) 1971-05-31
DE1919702A1 (de) 1970-11-26

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