US3666448A - Copper/iron/aluminium alloys - Google Patents
Copper/iron/aluminium alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3666448A US3666448A US873632A US3666448DA US3666448A US 3666448 A US3666448 A US 3666448A US 873632 A US873632 A US 873632A US 3666448D A US3666448D A US 3666448DA US 3666448 A US3666448 A US 3666448A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- alloy
- copper
- percent
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 66
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 48
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 56
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019993 champagne Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys that are basically copper/ iron/ aluminium alloys. It has been found that alloys of the composition (weight percentage) 35 to 75 copper, to 50 iron and 5 to 15 aluminium are susceptible to hotworking to yield materials that have useful mechanical properties. Such materials are described in British patent specification No. 1,137,123; these materials comprise a matrix of a copper-rich aluminium-containing solid solution phase in which is dispersed an iron-rich solid solution phase also containing aluminium as described in that specification. In an alloy of this kind the relative hardnesses of the two phases are such that hot-working of the alloy, possibly followed by cold-working, converts the dispersion to a fibrous form which acts as reinforcement for the matrix; the mechanical properties of the alloy are thereby enhanced.
- Corrosion resistance is, of course mainly comparative.
- the criterion to be applied in assessing the value of any particular material from the point of corrosion resistance will vary depending largely on the environment in which it is intended that the material shall normally be used.
- the material may perform satisfactorily when subjected to the well-known test involving immersion in a 3% saline solution and a good rating as a result of submission to such a test may provide enough evidence that a particular material would stand up to, say, marine conditions.
- At least one alloying element is additionally present to ennoble the iron-rich dispersed phase and/or to provide an adherent protective film on the iron-rich phase.
- Elements suitable as additional elements are comprised within the groups consisting of nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and cobalt and consisting of titanium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium and silicon.
- the former are more likely to act as ennobling elements and the latter as film forming agents though, certainly in some cases, notably in the case of chromium, the elements may fulfil an alternative or additional function.
- nickel and chromium for instance, it can be shown, certainly in some alloys, that chromium when added alone tends to concentrate in the iron-rich phase and that nickel when added alone tends to be concentrated at a slightly higher level in the copper-rich phase.
- the addition of both these elements in combination causes both to be partitioned to a beneficial extent in both phases and in fact, the solubility of both elements in the iron-rich phase is slightly increased. It is to be noted, however, that these latter observations are not to be interpreted in any way as idenifying the character of alloys in accordance with the invention, nor of course as any explanation of the improvement obtained.
- the alloy in accordance with the invention comprises significant quantities of the additive elements but not more than about 15 (weight) percent of each.
- nickel and/or chromium are present the nickel content preferably lies between 3 and 12 (weight) percent and the chromium content between 3 and 9 (weight) percent.
- a particularly suitable quinary alloy has the composition (weight)copper, 0.474; iron, 0.307; aluminium, 0.070; nickel, 0.074; chromium, 0.075. In this particular alloy it is found that the aluminium is distributed substantially equally between the iron-rich and copper-rich phases. Corrosion tests with this alloy have shown that it possesses remarkable corrosion resistance, even when exposed to marine conditions.
- an alloy which is basically a matrix of a copper-rich solid solution phase containing 5 to 10 (weight) percent of aluminium, the matrix containing an iron-rich solid solution phase which contains about 5 to 10 possibly up to 20 (weight) percent of aluminium also includes both nickel and chromium.
- Table I shows the composition (weight percentage) of the basic alloy tested-Alloy A and also those of a number of other similar alloys in which nickel and/ or chromium are includedAlloys B, F, G, H, I and K. These latter alloys are grouped together in that they represent a series of alloys in which the nickel content of the quinary is varied for aluminium and chromium contentsof substantially constant proportions. Table I also includes the compositions of other alloys Alloy D which contains nickel and chromium in substantially equal though comparatively low proportions, Alloy M which is characterised by lower aluminium content, Alloy L which contains carbon and Alloy C and Alloys E and I which latter three alloys contain nickel and chromium respectively only.
- the alloys of the invention range from being ferromagnetic to non-magnetic and in colour from steel grey to champagne.
- Ni O 4 proves roughly in .proportion to the amount of nickel present. This may give some guide as to the choice of alloy for a particular use. The tests for alloy M are continuing but this alloy is obviously particularly corrosion resistant. v
- Alloyv D possibly because the chromium and/0r nickel contents are low, shows up slightly less favourably than the others containing nickel and chromium.
- Alloy L containing carbon is found to be heat-treatable after working so that the hardness can be controlled; its corrosion resistance is good.
- Alloy C does not show up well in these very severe tests, it is found to be reasonably tarnish resistant.
- Alloy I does not show up favourably in comparison with Alloy A in the saline solution test, but it is nevertheless found to be very good from the point of being tarnish free; it is highly suited to the production of household cutlery and, in fact, appears to be a good substitute for stainless steel. For this reason it and other alloys according to the invention may have architectural applications.
- Specimens of Alloy B in the as-cast state have ultimate tensile strength (-U.T.S.) of about 53 tons per sq. in. with 0.1 percent proof stress ⁇ P.S.) of 28 tons per sq. in. and elongation of 17 percent.
- -U.T.S. ultimate tensile strength
- ⁇ P.S. proof stress
- elongation 17 percent.
- After cold IOllingto give a reduction in cross-sectional area of about 18 percent, with seven intermediate annealing heat treatments at 970 C., the U.T.S. was over 65 tons sq. in., the RS. 23.5 tons per sq. in. and the elongation about 7 percent.
- Alloy B retains an untarnished appearance on exposure to air indoors for six months at least and this alloy would therefore be a useful decorative substitute for brass which becomes quite dull under similar conditions within this time.
- a copper/ iron/ aluminium alloy of the basic composition 35 to weight percent copper, 20 to 50 weight percent iron and 5 to 15 weight percent aluminium and having a matrix of a copper-rich solid solution phase which contains a dispersed iron-rich solid solution phase, and in which at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of nickel and chromium is additionally present to the extent of about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the resultant alloy to ennoble the iron-rich dispersed phase.
- a copper/ iron/ aluminium alloy containing basically 35 to 75 weight percent copper, 20 to 50 weight percent iron and 5 to 15 Weight percent aluminium and which is basically a matrix of a copper-rich solid solution phase containing 5 to 10 Weight percent aluminium, the matrix containing an iron-rich solid solution phase which contains 5 to 20 weight percent aluminium, the alloy also including nickel and chromium each to the extent of from about 3 to 15 percent by weight of the resultant alloy. 15
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB52338/68A GB1293131A (en) | 1968-11-05 | 1968-11-05 | Improvements in and relating to copper/iron/aluminium alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3666448A true US3666448A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
Family
ID=10463539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US873632A Expired - Lifetime US3666448A (en) | 1968-11-05 | 1969-11-03 | Copper/iron/aluminium alloys |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3666448A (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH512588A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE1955449B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2022615A1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1293131A (fr) |
| NL (1) | NL6916713A (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116555625A (zh) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-08 | 大连理工大学 | 一种多尺度多相共格析出强化Cu-Ni-Al-Co-Cr-Ti耐高温铜合金及其制备方法 |
-
1968
- 1968-11-05 GB GB52338/68A patent/GB1293131A/en not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-11-03 US US873632A patent/US3666448A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-11-04 DE DE19691955449 patent/DE1955449B2/de active Pending
- 1969-11-04 FR FR6937954A patent/FR2022615A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-11-05 NL NL6916713A patent/NL6916713A/xx unknown
- 1969-11-05 CH CH1646769A patent/CH512588A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116555625A (zh) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-08 | 大连理工大学 | 一种多尺度多相共格析出强化Cu-Ni-Al-Co-Cr-Ti耐高温铜合金及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1955449B2 (de) | 1971-09-23 |
| FR2022615A1 (fr) | 1970-07-31 |
| NL6916713A (fr) | 1970-05-08 |
| CH512588A (fr) | 1971-09-15 |
| GB1293131A (en) | 1972-10-18 |
| DE1955449A1 (de) | 1971-02-11 |
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