US3666932A - Means and method for on-line determination of the aromatic, naphthene and paraffin contents of charge oil - Google Patents

Means and method for on-line determination of the aromatic, naphthene and paraffin contents of charge oil Download PDF

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US3666932A
US3666932A US102732A US3666932DA US3666932A US 3666932 A US3666932 A US 3666932A US 102732 A US102732 A US 102732A US 3666932D A US3666932D A US 3666932DA US 3666932 A US3666932 A US 3666932A
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charge oil
signal
content
reactor
temperature
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William D White
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Texaco Inc
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Texaco Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/48—Analogue computers for specific processes, systems or devices, e.g. simulators
    • G06G7/75—Analogue computers for specific processes, systems or devices, e.g. simulators for component analysis, e.g. of mixtures, of colours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
    • C10G35/24—Controlling or regulating of reforming operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/04—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/14—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only with amplifying devices having more than three electrodes or more than two PN junctions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S208/00—Mineral oils: processes and products
    • Y10S208/01—Automatic control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to petroleum refineries and, more particularly, to a system and method for use with a catalytic reforming unit.
  • An output is provided corresponding to the concentration of an ingredient in charge oil being reformed in a catalytic reforming unit.
  • the catalytic reforming unit includes two or more reactors and recycles a portion of the gas product during the reforming process. Sensors sense the temperatures of the oil in the reactors.
  • a pressure sensor senses the pressure in at least one reactor and provides a corresponding signal.
  • the charge oil and the recycle gas are sampled while sensors provide signals corresponding to the flow rates of the charge oil and the recycle gas.
  • a circuit provides signals corresponding to the average molecular weight M of the of the charge oil and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio H in accordance with the charge oil and the recycle gas samples and the charge oil and recycle gas flow rate signals.
  • a chromatograph samples the charge oil and provides a signal corresponding to the aromatic content FA of the charge oil.
  • a network connected to the temperature and pressure sensors and to the previously mentioned circuit provides the output corresponding to the content of an ingredient in the charge oil, in accordance with the temperature signals, the pressure signal, the aromatic content FA signal, the average molecular weight M signal and the 7 hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio H signal.
  • One object of the present invention is to determine the naphthene content of the charge oil with an on-line system during catalytic reforming.
  • Another object of the present invention is to determine the aromatic content of the charge oil with an on-line system during catalytic reforming.
  • Another object of the present invention is to determine the paraffin content of the charge oil with an on-line system during catalytic reforming.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an online system for determining the naphthene and-paraflin contents of the charge oil during catalytic reforming in accordance with sensed temperatures of the reactors in a catalytic reforming unit, a sensed pressure in a reactor, the aromatic content, the average molecular weight of the charge oil and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial block diagram and a partial schematic diagram of a catalytic reforming unit with a system constructed in accordance with the present invention, for providing outputs corresponding to the naphthene and parafiin contents of charge oil being reformed by the catalytic reforming unit.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are detailed block diagrams of analog computers shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a catalytic reforming unit in which change oil in a line 3 enters a heater 6.
  • the charge oil is heated to a predetennined temperature and supplied through line 9 to a fixed bed catalytic reactor 8-where a reaction occurs.
  • the effluent leaves reactor 8 by way of a line 10.
  • the effluent from reactor 8 is subjected to three more stages of catalytic reaction by reactors 8A, 8B and 8C; with heating prior to each stage provided by heaters 6A, 6B and 6C; before being applied to a product separator 11.
  • Product separator 11 provides product oil in a line 12 and gas in a line 14. A portion of the gas is recycled by a conventional compressor 15 through a line 16. The recycle gas enters line 3 and is used to retard the deterioration of the catalyst in reactors 8 through 8C.
  • a conventional flow rate sensor 20 senses the flow rate of charge oil in line 3 and provides a corresponding signal to signal means 21 which is also continuously sampling the charge oil and the recycle gas in lines 3 and 16, respectively.
  • Signal means 21 receives a signal corresponding to the flow rate of the recycle gas in line 16 from a conventional flow rate sensor 22.
  • Signal means 21 embodies the elements and concepts of U.S. Ser. No. application 97,571 filed Dec. 14, 1970 by W. L. Hopkins et aL, of which the present inventor is a joint inventor, and assigned to Texaco Inc. assignee of the present invention. In the description of the last mentioned U.S.
  • signals E,, E and the output from amplifier 112 correspond to the average molecular weight M of the charge oil, to the flow rate of the charge oil and to the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio H respectively, and are signals E,, E and E respectively, in the description of the present invention.
  • Chromatograph means 23 samples the charge oil in line 3 and provides a signal I5, corresponding to the aromatic content FA of the charge oil.
  • Chromatograph means 23 includes a chromatograph which may be of the type manufactured by Beckman Instruments with a Beckman Model 620 programmer and a Beckman Model D analyzer.
  • Temperature sensors 25 through 25C which may be thermocouples, sense the inlet temperatures to reactors 8 through 8C, respectively, and provide corresponding signals E through E respectively.
  • Sensors 25D and 25B sense the outlet temperatures of reactors 8 and 8A, respectively, by sensing the temperature of the effluent leaving those reactors and provide signals E and B respectively, corresponding to the sensed outlet temperatures.
  • Signals E,, E are applied to subtracting means 26 which subtracts signal l'i from signal E to provide a signal 5,, corresponding to the temperatures drop at AT across reactor 8. Similarly, signal E is subtracted from E by subtracting means 26A to provide a signal E, corresponding to the temperature drop AT, across reactor 8A.
  • a weighted average inlet temperature T signal E is developed by weighting each inlet temperature according to the percentage of the overall catalyst in the corresponding reactor.
  • lnlet temperatures signals Ii, through E are supplied to multipliers 28 through 28C, respectively, where they are multiplied with direct current voltages V through V respectively, corresponding to the weighting factors for the reactors to provide signals E through E respectively.
  • Summing means 32 sums signals E through E to provide the Tsignal E For example, when reactor 8 through 8C have 20, 20, 20 and 40 percent, respectively, of the catalyst in the catalytic reforming unit, voltages V through V correspond to 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.4, respectively.
  • Thefollowing table relates direct current voltages to corresponding terms or coefficients in Equation 1:
  • an analog computer 38 uses signals 5,, E E E E E and E along with received direct current voltages V V,,, V,, V V V through V and V through V to provide a signal E in accordance with Equation 2 of the abstract.
  • The'following table relates the received direct current voltages to the terms or coefi'ncients in Equation 2.
  • the paraffin content can be determined by subtracting the naphthene and aromatic contents from 100 which,
  • Subtracting means 44 subtracts signals 5, E from a direct current voltage E which corresponds to 100, to provide a signal E corresponding to the paratfin content of the charge oil.
  • Subtracting means 45, 45A, 45B and 45C subtract voltages V V V, and V respectively, from signals E E,, E and E respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms (T-930), (ll-8), (P-550) and (M- 1 17.5), respectively, in Equation 1.
  • a multiplier 46 effectively squares the signal from subtracting means 45 to provide a sigrnal corresponding to (7 930).
  • the signal from multiplier 46 is multiplied with voltage V, by a multiplier 47 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.0023208 (7 930).
  • a multiplier 50 is provided.
  • Multipliers 57, 58 multiply the signals from subtracting means 458 and 45C with voltages V, and V respectively, to provide signals corresponding to 0.l04662(P-550) and 0.l41123(M -l17.5), respectively.
  • Summing means 60 sums the signals from multipliers 47, 50, 54, 57 and 58 and the AT, signal E Voltage V is multiplied with the signal from subtracting means 45 by a multiplier 62 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.55 10265( T-930).
  • the output from subtracting means 45A is efl'ectively squared by a multiplier 63 and the square signal multiplied with voltage V by another multiplier 64 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.l537442(H-8).
  • a multiplier 68 multiplies the outputs from subtracting means 45A, 45B together and the resulting signal is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 69 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.01 l5268(P-550) (H-8).
  • Multipliers 70, 71 are arranged in a similar manner as multipliers 68 and 69, respectively, to multiply the outputs from subtracting means 45, 45B and voltage V, to provide a signal corresponding to 0.000602621 (T-930) )P-550).
  • a divider 75 divides the voltage V by charge oil flow rate signal E, to provide a signal corresponding to the reciprocal space velocity RSV to subtracting means 45!).
  • Subtracting means 45D subtracts voltage V from the RSVsignal from divider 75 to provide a signal corresponding to (RSV-0.476).
  • the output from subtracting means 45D is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 76 to provide a signal corresponding to 8.664779(RSV-0.476).
  • a multiplier 77 multiplies the outputs from subtracting means 45A, 45D together and the resulting signal is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 78 to provide a signalcorresponding to 2.529762 (RSV- Summing means 80 sums the signals from multipliers 62, 64, 69, 71, 76, and 78 and voltage V,.
  • Subtracting means 81 subtracts a sum signal from summing means 80 from a sum signal from summing means 60 to provide a signal corresponding to' the numerator of the fraction in Equation 1.
  • the outputs from subtracting means 45, 45B are multiplied with voltages V and V respectively, by multipliers 83, 84
  • a divider 90 divides the numerator signal from subtracting means 81 by the denominator signal from subtracting means 88.
  • analog computer 38 includes subtracting means 100 through 100C which subtract voltages V V V and V from signals E,,,, E E and E respectively, to provide signals corresponding to (P-550), (M-l 17.5), (T-930) and (H-8), respectively.
  • Multipliers 101 through 101C multiply the signals from subtracting means 100 through 100C, respectively, with voltages V V V and V respectively, to provide signals corresponding to 0.0775l60l(P-550), 0.383795(M-l 17.5), 0.06l907(T-930) and l.85(H-*), respectively.
  • a multiplier 104 multiplies the signals from subtracting means 100, 1008 together and the resulting signal is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 105 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.0009998862(P-550) (T-930).
  • multipliers 104A and 105A multiply the signals from subtracting means 100A, 1008 and voltage V to provide a signal corresponding to 0.00599950l(T-930) M-M-l 17.5).
  • Multipliers 1048, 1053 cooperate in a similar manner to provide a signal corresponding to 0.278497(RSV-0.476) T-930) in' accordance with the signals from subtracting means 100B, 100D and voltage V
  • Subtracting means 100D provides the (RSV- 0.476) signal by subtracting voltage V,. from the output from a divider 106 which divides the voltage V by the charge oil flow rate signal E Multipliers 110, 110A effectively square the signals from subtracting means 1008 and 100C, respectively, and the resulting signals are multiplied with voltages V and V by multipliers 1 l l and 1 1A, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to 0.005342901(T-930) and 0.24644O7(H-8) respectively.
  • the signal from subtracting means 100D is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 115 to provide a signal corresponding to l3.4276(RSV-0.476).
  • Summing means 120 sums the AT signal E with the signals from multipliers 101, 101A, 101B, 101C, 105A, 105B, 111 and 115; while summing means 121 sums the signals from multipliers 105, 111A and voltage V Subtracting means 130 subtracts the signal 'from summing means 121 from the signal from summing means 120 to provide a signal corresponding to the numerator of the fraction in Equation 2.
  • the signal from subtracting means 100B is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 133 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.008959372( T-930) which is summed with voltage V, by summing means 135.
  • the signal from subtracting means 100 is multiplied with voltage V by a multiplier 136 to provide a signal corresponding to 0.0024203(P-550).
  • Subtracting means 137 subtracts the signal from multiplier 136 from the sum signal from summing means 135 to provide a signal corresponding to the denominator of the fraction in Equation 2.
  • a divider 140 divides the numerator signal from subtracting means 130 by the denominator signal from subtracting means 137.
  • a multiplier 141 multiplies voltage V and the FA signal E together; the resulting signal, which corresponds to 2FA, is subtracted from the signal from divider 140 by subtracting means 144.
  • Summing means 146 sums the signal from subtracting means 144 which voltage V to provide the XN signal E There may be a slight constant error between the measured naphthene content, using Equations 1 and 2, and the actual naphthene content for 'a particular catalytic reforming unit. When known, the error can be compensated for by adding to or subtracting from the numerators of the fractions in Equations 1, 2.
  • This may be accomplished by applying a direct current voltage to summing means 60 or 80, depending on the nature of the correction, to aflect the numerator of the fraction in Equation 1 accordingly.
  • another direct current voltage may also be applied to summing means 120 or 121 to compensate for the error.
  • the device of the present invention determines the aromatic, naphthene and paraffin contents of charge oil during the reforming of the charge oil by a catalytic reforming unit. The determination is made in accordance with sensed temperatures of reactors in the catalytic reforming unit, a sensed pressure in a reactor, the average molecular weight of the charge oil and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio.
  • a system for providing an output corresponding to a content of an ingredient of charge oil being reformed by a catalytic reforming unit having a plurality of reactors and recycling a portion of the gas product comprising chromatograph means for sampling the charge oil and providing a signal corresponding to the aromatic content FA of the charge oil, means for providing signals corresponding to sensed temperatures of the reactors, means for sensing the pressure P in at least one reactor and providing a signal corresponding thereto, means for sensing the flow rates of the charge oiland the recycle gas and providing corresponding signals, means connected to the flow rate signal means and sampling the charge oil and the recycle gas for providing signals corresponding to the average molecular weight M of the charge oil and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio H in accordance with flow rate signals and the samples, and means connected to the chromatograph means, to the temperature signal means, to the pressure sensing means and to the molecular weight-mole ratio signal means for providing the output corresponding to the content of an ingredient in the charge oil, in accordance with the temperature signals, the pressure signal,
  • a system as described in Claim 2 further comprising means connected to the chromatograph means and .to the output means for providing another output corresponding to the paraffin content of the charge oil in accordance with the arcmatic content signal, the naphthene content output and the following equation:
  • Parafiin content -aromatic content-naphthene content 4 A system as described in claim 2 in which the temperature signal means provides a signal for each sensed inlet temperature of the reactors and-a signal for each sensed outlet temperature of the first two reactors, and the sensed pressure is the sensed pressure in the first reactor.
  • the output means includes a circuit receiving the inlet temperature signals and direct voltages, each direct current voltage corresponding to a percent of the catalytic reforming units catalyst present in a different reactor, and providing a signal corresponding to the average weighted temperature T of all the inlet temperatures and subtracting means connected to the temperature signed means, one subtracting means receiving the inlet and outlet temperature signals for the first reactor and providing a signal corresponding to the temperature drop AT across the first reactor, the other subtracting means receiving the inlet and outlet temperature signals and providing a signal corresponding to the temperature drop AT across the second reactor.
  • a method as described in claim 8 further comprising determining the paraffin content of the charge oil in accordance with the aromatic content FA and the naphthene content of the charge oil and the following equation:
  • paraffin content 100 aromatic content naphthene content.
  • a method for determining an ingredient of charge oil being reformed by a catalytic reforming unit having reactors and recycling a portion of the gas product sensing temperatures of the reactors, sensing the pressure of at least one reactor, sensing the flow rate of the charge oil, sensingthe flow rate of the recycle gas, sampling the chargeoil, sampling the recycle gas, determining the average molecular weight M of the charge'oil in accordance with the sensed flow rate of the charge oil and the charge oil sample, determining the hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio H in accordance with the sensed flow rates of the charge oil and the recycle gas and with the samples of the'charge oil andthe recycle gas, determining the aromatic content FA of the charge oil in accordance with the charge oil sample and determining the ingredient content of the charge oil in accordance with the sensed temperatures,
  • RSV is the reciprocal space velocity which'is deter- A mined by dividing the known volume of the catalyst in the catalytic reforming unit by the flow rat of the charge oil.

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960707A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-06-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Simulation of catalytic cracking process
US3972804A (en) * 1974-10-02 1976-08-03 Universal Oil Products Company Control of hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio in hydrogen-consuming process
US4237093A (en) * 1978-12-27 1980-12-02 Phillips Petroleum Company Hydrocarbon cracking
US4473490A (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-09-25 Phillips Petroleum Company Control of a reforming furnace
FR2619623A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de quantification numerique en ligne et en temps reel de la valorisation potentielle d'une charge de reformage catalytique par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de cette charge recue a l'alimentation du reformeur
FR2619628A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
FR2619627A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements en produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
FR2619572A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de conduite automatisee d'un reformeur
FR2619630A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors de la distillation des petroles bruts par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
FR2619625A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel du degre d'insaturation olefinique de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors de l'hydrogenation de coupes petrolieres legeres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge
FR2619629A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des compositions de l'alimentation et des rendements de distillation obtenus lors de la distillation des petroles bruts et de leurs melanges par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
FR2619626A1 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-02-24 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements en produits obtenus lors de l'hydrotraitement catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
EP0304232A3 (fr) * 1987-08-18 1989-04-26 Bp Oil International Limited Procédé de détermination directe des propriétés physiques de produits hydrocarbonés
US4853337A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-08-01 Exxon Chemicals Patents Inc. Blending of hydrocarbon liquids
FR2631957A1 (fr) * 1988-05-30 1989-12-01 Bp Chimie Sa Procede et appareillage de fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines par reaction de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures controlee a l'aide d'un systeme comprenant un spectrophotometre infrarouge
FR2634283A1 (fr) * 1988-07-12 1990-01-19 Bp France Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements et qualites des produits obtenus lors du traitement thermique de produits petroliers lourds par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation
US4898663A (en) * 1988-11-25 1990-02-06 Texaco Inc. Method for controlling sedimentation in an ebullated bed process
US5047929A (en) * 1985-09-09 1991-09-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing information on chemical reactions
US5056035A (en) * 1985-09-05 1991-10-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing information on chemical reactions
US5475612A (en) * 1987-08-18 1995-12-12 Bp Oil International Limited Method for the direct determination of physical properties of hydrocarbon products
US5490085A (en) * 1987-02-27 1996-02-06 Bp Oil International Limited Method for optimizing control of a production unit
WO2008082325A3 (fr) * 2006-12-28 2008-09-04 Kazan State University Procédé de détermination de la teneur en paraffines et en asphaltènes du pétrole
RU2383884C1 (ru) * 2008-12-12 2010-03-10 Государственное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Казанский Государственный Университет Им. В.И.Ульянова-Ленина" Способ определения содержания жидкофазных и твердотельных компонент в смеси углеводородов
RU2423686C1 (ru) * 2009-11-27 2011-07-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный университет им. В.И. Ульянова-Ленина" (ГОУ ВПО КГУ) Способ определения молекулярно-массового распределения парафинов в смеси углеводородов с помощью метода ядерного магнитного резонанса

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RU2284507C1 (ru) * 2005-04-27 2006-09-27 Владимир Васильевич Берцев Способ определения концентрации парафинов в нефти
CN101526489B (zh) * 2008-03-04 2011-10-26 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 用于检测油中的石蜡和沥青质的含量的方法

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US3497449A (en) * 1966-05-17 1970-02-24 Mobil Oil Corp Controlling a continuous process by concentration measurements

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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960707A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-06-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Simulation of catalytic cracking process
US3972804A (en) * 1974-10-02 1976-08-03 Universal Oil Products Company Control of hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio in hydrogen-consuming process
US4237093A (en) * 1978-12-27 1980-12-02 Phillips Petroleum Company Hydrocarbon cracking
US4473490A (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-09-25 Phillips Petroleum Company Control of a reforming furnace
US5056035A (en) * 1985-09-05 1991-10-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing information on chemical reactions
US5047929A (en) * 1985-09-09 1991-09-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing information on chemical reactions
US5490085A (en) * 1987-02-27 1996-02-06 Bp Oil International Limited Method for optimizing control of a production unit
US4853337A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-08-01 Exxon Chemicals Patents Inc. Blending of hydrocarbon liquids
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BE777574A (fr) 1972-06-30
DE2165001A1 (de) 1972-07-13
IT944556B (it) 1973-04-20
DE2165001C3 (de) 1975-11-20
DE2165001B2 (fr) 1975-04-10
JPS5327957B1 (fr) 1978-08-11
CA963835A (en) 1975-03-04
NL7118007A (fr) 1972-07-04
GB1370317A (en) 1974-10-16

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