Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
  • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/46—Textile oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A lubricating composition that is uniquely designed for the 52 U.S. c1 252/13 252 25 252/309 lubricam textile machine
• a knming 252/314 machine comprises a lubricating oil containing zinc oxide as 51 lnt.Cl ...C10m 1 24 ClOm 1/10 amiwea'
• the zinc xide is incmpmted the 58 Field of Search ..252/1s,25, 309, 314 'bficatmg by 1 Preparing centrate wherem up to 10 weight percent of zinc oxide has [56]
• the lubricating compgsition also preferably contains an o iness agent, an antioxi ant an an extreme pressure 2,303,330 12/1942 Silver et a1. ..106/296 agem
• the zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthgnate not 267L758 3/1954 Ymograd et I 8 only serves to suspend the zinc oxide but also imparts scoura- 2,676,925 4/1954 Lmdstfom et 18 bility to the composition, thereby aiding in the removal of the 2,758,085 8/1956 Obemght "252/25 lubricant from the textile processed by the textile machinery.
• This invention relates to an improved lubricating composition that is uniquely designed for the lubrication of small machine parts that operate at high speeds where it is necessary that the parts must be protected against high rates of wear and frictional power losses must be minimized, and where the oil must not damage the material being handled by the machine.
• the lubricating composition is particularly useful for textile machinery and still more particularly for the lubrication of a circular knitting machine, e.g. one used in the manufacture of seamless stockings.
• the invention also concerns a lubricant additive concentrate that is adapted for formulation of a finished lubricant composition of the invention.
• a representative machine of this type has a knitting head which may be briefly described as follows:
• the knitting head has a cylinder of steel about inches in diameter, the wall of the cylinder being about one-half inch in thickness and provided with a large number of vertical slots distributed around the periphery of the cylinder. Each of these slots, which is about 32nd of an inch thick, receives a needle that moves rapidly up and down in the slot during the knitting operation.
• the knitting head is lubricated with an automatic lubricating device which feeds measured amounts of lubricant onto the moving parts.
• This lubricant is not recirculated and some of it necessarily finds its way onto the textile being knitted and thus must be later washed out of the knitted product.
• the lubricant for the knitting machine must have adequate scourability so that it can be removed from the textile.
• Other properties of the lubricant that are desired include rust inhibition, low coefficient of friction, good oxidation resistance and good load-carrying capabilities. Adequate load-carrying and antiwear properties in the lubricant are needed because of the large number of moving surfaces that require lubrication. Friction losses must be low in order to reduce frictional heat and to reduce the tremendous power load encountered during the start-up of the machinery.
• zinc oxide is used as the antiwear and load-carrying agent because zinc oxide will not stain the textiles.
• the zinc oxide is maintained in suspension in the lubricant by means of an eminently stable suspending agent and by means of a novel procedure for preparing the zinc oxide suspension. More particularly, the zinc oxide is first suspended as a concentrate in a lubricating oil with the aid of zinc napthenate, magnesium naphthenate or mixtures of the two and the concentrate is thereafter blended into the finished lubricating composition in the desired concentration.
• the zinc oxide is first coated with a zinc salt of a lower fatty acid before preparing the concentrate.
• the essential component of a textile machine lubricant of the present invention is a suspension of zinc oxide in a mineral lubricating oil.
• the zinc oxide is of microscopic particle size of the order of about 0.02 to 0.25 micron and has a surface area of from about 5 to 25 square meters per gram.
• the zinc oxide is treated with a C to C carboxylic acid to form a zinc salt on its surface, e.g. zinc propionate as taught in U.S.
• the amount of zinc oxide in the additive concentrate will range from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, preferably from about 0.5 to 5 weight percent.
• the concentrate is employed in the concentrate from about 0.5 to about 50 weight percent, preferably from about 1 to about 30 weight percent, of either zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthenate or mixtures thereof.
• These metal naphthenates are prepared from petroleum naphthenic acids.
• the preferred naphthenic acids are those having molecular weights of from about 200 to about 350 and neutralization numbers of from about 150 to 230.
• a convenient procedure for dispersing the zinc oxide in the concentrate is to place the zinc oxide, metal naphthenate and lubricating oil in a ball mill and run the ball mill for from about 1 to 2 hours.
• the finished composition will contain from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of the zinc oxide concentrate along with other desired components such as an antioxidant, e.g. a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, phenyl-alphanaphthylamine tertiarybutyl paracresol, or the like, an oiliness agent such as oleic acid or zinc oleate, and an extreme pressure agent such as sulfurized sperm oil, tricresyl phosphate or the like.
• an antioxidant e.g. a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, phenyl-alphanaphthylamine tertiarybutyl paracresol, or the like
• an oiliness agent such as oleic acid or zinc oleate
• an extreme pressure agent such as sulfurized sperm oil, tricresyl phosphate or the like.
• a particularly preferred composition will contain, in addition to the zinc oxide concentrate dispersion, from about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent of a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, from about 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent of oleic acid, and from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of sulfurized sperm oil.
• the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate will comprise one or more oil-soluble dithiophosphates wherein the alkyl groups have from about three to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. a mixture obtained from mixed isopropanol and methyl isobutyl carbinol, a mixture of amyl alcohols and technical lauryl alcohol, etc.
• the sulfurized sperm oil can be one containing from about 5 to 35 weight percent sulfur, preferably 8 to 20 per cent sulfur.
• the zinc naphthenate or magnesium naphthenate that is present in the finished composition not only keeps the zinc oxide in suspension, but also imparts washability or scourability, thus aiding in the removal of any of the lubricant that gets picked up by the textile being processed by the textile machine.
• the lubricating oil constituting the base oil in the compositions of this invention can be any well refined mineral lubricating oil distillate.
• the oil is preferably obtained from a naphthenic or paraffinic base crude oil, e.g. a Mid-Continent oil.
• the viscosity of the oil can range from about 50 to 250 SUS at 100 F. Usually the viscosity will be within the range of about to 200 SUS at F.
• EXAMPLE 1 A concentrate of a zinc oxide dispersion was prepared by mixing together 94 parts by weight of a solvent neutral mineral lubricating oil of 100 SUS viscosity at 100 F., 5 parts by weight of zinc naphthenate derived from naphthenic acids of about 280 molecular weight, and one part by weight of zinc oxide.
• the zinc oxide had been surface-treated with propionic acid as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,303,330.
• the zinc oxide had a mean particle size of 0.1 1 micron and a surface area of 10 square meters per gram.
• lt analyzed 99.1% ZnO.
• the mixture was placed in a ball mill and the dispersion was prepared by running the ball mill for 2 hours at ambient temperature.
• EXAMPLE 2 A finished lubricant suitable for the lubrication of a circular knitting machine was prepared by blending together the following components in the weight percentages indicated below:
• the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates mentioned above were in the form of a 75 weight percent concentrate in lubricating oil of the zinc salts prepared from the dithiophosphoric acids obtained by reacting P 8 with 65 weight percent of isobutanol and 35 weight percent of mixed primary C alcohols.
• the sulfurized sperm oil had a sulfur content of about 12 percent by weight.
• the finished lubricant had a viscosity of 139.6 SUS at 100 F., a viscosity of 43.2 SUS at 210 F and a viscosity index of 1 15.7. It was found to be a very suitable lubricant for a circular knitting machine, and left no stains on seamless hosiery knit by the machine, after said hosiery had been washed by standard procedures.
• EXAMPLE 3 A concentrate similar to that described in Example 1 was prepared using 5 weight percent of zinc oxide and 5 weight percent of zinc naphthenate. The dispersion was prepared by blending the mixture for 2 hours in a ball mill filled with steel balls. A portion of the product was set aside and observed for settling tendencies. No zinc oxide settled out of the concentrate in a period of 18 hours. About one-half weight percent of zinc oxide settled out after 48 hours. When the concentrate was used to prepare a finished textile machine oil of the same nature as described in Example 1, i.e. an oil containing about 0.01 weight percent of zinc oxide, there was no settling of zinc oxide even after the composition had been allowed to stand for 1 year.
• Example 3 was repeated using magnesium naphthenate in place of the zinc naphthenate.
• the resulting dispersion was about as stable as that of Example 2, i.e. no more than about A to 1 weight percent of zinc oxide settled out of the concentrate after 48 hours.
• Example 3 was repeated using 5 weight percent of zinc oxide and 5 weight percent, in respective individual preparations, of lead naphthenate, barium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, and aluminum stearate. In none of these cases was a satisfactory stable concentrate obtained. In the case of lead naphthenate, there was 100 percent settling of the zinc oxide after 18 hours. In the case of both the barium sulfonate and the calcium sulfonate, there was percent separation of zinc oxide by settling after 18 hours.
• the sulfonates employed were the barium and calcium salts of petroleum sulfonic acids of about 400 molecular weight.
• COMPARATIVE TEST B The finished oil composition of Example 2, the base composition (i.e. the finished lubricant of Example 2 without the added zinc oxide concentrate) and a lubricant of the same composition as that of Example 2 with the exception that the 0.01 weight percent of zinc oxide was replaced with an equal quantity of molybdenum sulfide, were each subjected to the well known 4-Ball Wear Test. The test was conducted as follows:
• the test lubricant is placed in the cup of the machine and heated to 75 C.
• the test cup contains three steel balls which are fixed in position by a screw cap.
• a fourth steel ball held in a chuck is pressed against the three lower balls with a force of 40 kilograms and is rotated at 1,200 rpm. for 1 hour.
• the amount of wear is determined by measuring the diameter of the wear scar on each of the steel balls and averaging the results.
• a process for preparing a stable dispersion of zinc oxide of about 0.02 to 0.25 micron size in a liquid lubricating oil composition which comprises the following steps:
• Process as defined in claim 1 including the step of precoating said zinc oxide with the zinc salt of a C to C fatty acid.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Knitting Machines (AREA)

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Cited By (9)

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Citations (9)

• 0
  • BE BE759615D patent/BE759615A/fr unknown
• 1969
  • 1969-12-01 US US881331A patent/US3676342A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-11-25 DE DE19702057950 patent/DE2057950A1/de active Pending
  • 1970-11-30 FR FR707043032A patent/FR2070207B3/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-12-01 JP JP45105515A patent/JPS498681B1/ja active Pending
• 1971
  • 1971-01-08 GB GB0017/71A patent/GB1293721A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (9)

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