US3682302A - Air separator - Google Patents

Air separator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3682302A
US3682302A US15495A US3682302DA US3682302A US 3682302 A US3682302 A US 3682302A US 15495 A US15495 A US 15495A US 3682302D A US3682302D A US 3682302DA US 3682302 A US3682302 A US 3682302A
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Prior art keywords
separating
air
separating chamber
cyclones
separated
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US15495A
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English (en)
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Paul Bernutat
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
    • B07B7/083—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force generated by rotating vanes, discs, drums, or brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/005—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external rotors, e.g. impeller, ventilator, fan, blower, pump

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air separator in which the air containing fine material has the dust removed therefrom in cyclones which are arranged outside the separator chamber, and in which the fan which produces the air flow is located within the separator.
  • Air separators are known according to which the air containing the fine material to be separated has the dust withdrawn therefrom in cyclones, said cyclones being located outside the separator chamber, and in which the fan producing the air flow is located not within the separator but likewise outside the same.
  • the charging of the material to be separated into the separating chamber is effected by means of a scattering dish.
  • the foremost drawback of this heretofore known air separator consists in that the separating power of the cyclones is not constant. The reason for this fact lies in that the air flow circulating between the separator and the fan has to be varied in conformity with the respective desired fineness of the sifted material. This variation of the quantity of air to be circulated is obtained by a change in the resistance in the separator.
  • the degree of separation decreases in view of the air carrying more and more fine material into the separating chamber (it is a well known fact that with increasing fineness of the material to be separated the degree of separation drops considerably), and on the other hand it is necessary that the quantity of the material to be separated and charged into the separator must be reduced by the amount which corresponds to the recirculated proportion of the fine material inasmuch as for each degree of fineness of theseparated material the specific dust content in the separating chamber (at a predetermined air velocity) must not exceed a certain value.
  • the range in which the circulated quantities of air and thereby the separating power of the cyclones vary is relatively high.
  • the degree of fineness of the separated material expressed by its specific surface is approximately inversely proportional to the root of the circulated quantity of air. It is necessary that this fineness be varied with industrial separators from 2,000 to 5,000 cmlgr.
  • the end drop velocities of the granules having the separating grain diameter in the cyclones have a ratio of approximately 6 1 with regard to the upper and lower limit of the adjusting range.
  • a further drawback of the heretofore known air separators consists in the relatively high power consumption.
  • This high power consumption is caused by the non-variable resistances which are inherent to the separator construction and which have to be overcome by the separating air flow, and is furthermore caused by the variable resistance by means of which the axial velocity of the separating air in the separating chamber, i.e. the circulated quantity of air, is brought to the value which results in the respective desired fineness of the separated material.
  • the non-variable resistances are found in the collecting line between the cyclones and the fan, in the line between the fan and the separator, and in the separator itself where the resistance is due primarily to the connection of the cyclone passages to the housing for the separating chamber.
  • the separating air containing the fine material will, when entering the cyclone passages, undergo an increase in its velocity which increase corresponds to the said ratio of the cross-sections.
  • variable resistance is produced by a change in the speed of a so-called counter impeller which is arranged above the scattering dish and which is used also with air separators with inner impeller for changing the circulated quantity of air.
  • a so-called counter impeller which is arranged above the scattering dish and which is used also with air separators with inner impeller for changing the circulated quantity of air.
  • the counter impeller which with its blades adjusted to a certain pitch angle practically works like a counter running axial impeller, will in conformity with its infinitely variable speed cause a certain resistance which has to be overcome by the separating air passing through the separator.
  • the change in the circulated quantity of air brought about in this manner results in a particularly high loss. More specifically, on one hand, energy is destroyed in view of the resistance caused by the axial impeller and, on the other hand, the drive of the axial impeller requires energy.
  • a further disadvantage consists in that with the separation of ever finer material, the total power requirement of the separator and, above all, the energy requirement with regard to the finish sifted material increases considerably. Since a high degree of fineness of the separated material requires a low axial air velocity in the separating chamber, the resistance has to be correspondingly increased by the axial impeller. In other words, the axial impeller must rotate at high speed which in turn requires a higher power.
  • Still another drawback of the above referred to arrangement consists in that the material to be separated is charged into the separating chamber by means of a scattering This way of charging the material is not suitable to so disperse the material to be separated and, if necessary, also to disagglomerate the same as it is necessary for the subsequent separating process.
  • the way of charging the material to be separated into the separating chamber is of particular importance.
  • this task is carried out by a scattering dish only to a rather unsatisfactory extent.
  • the material to be separated cannot even approximately be given the necessary radial velocity which would be required for properly spreading and dispersing the material to be separated over the entire free cross-section of the separating chamber. It can easily be shown that, in order to overcome the resistance which is'customary with industrial separators between the edge of the scattering 'dish and I the wall of the separating chamber, velocities would be necessary to which the particles of the material to be separated cannot be accelerated by a scattering dish of customary construction.
  • the introduction of the separating air into the separating chamber is effected either by a circular cascade, usually louver, or in conformity with a more recent suggestion, by nozzles which are arranged below the scattering dish and which blow the separating air tangentially or axially into the separating chamber. Both types of introducing the separating air are disadvantageous.
  • the diameter of the core of the vortex is exclusively dependent on the ratio between the axial and the tangential separating air velocity in the separating chamber and, more specifically, in such a way that with decreasing velocity ratio the diameter of the core of the vortex increases. Since the axial velocity of the separating air directly determines the degree of fineness of the separated material, an increase in the tangential velocity of the separating air at a predetermined fineness of the separated material as it is possible, for instance, with different types of air separators by changing the pitch of the blades of the cascade, will considerably increase the diameter of the core of the vortex.
  • the diameter of the vortex core remains constant because also the ratio of axial to tangential speed of the separating air is non-variable with eachcirculated quantity of air.
  • the proportion of the particles of the desired separated material which will move into the vortex core will again increase because the radially inwardly directed flow resistance will with decreasing quantity of circulating air increase to a greater extent that the radially outwardly directed centrifugal force.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an air separator which will overcome the above mentioned drawbacks and while requiring a small amount of power will have a high separating output which will remain constant even when the degree of fineness of the finish separated material is varied.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through an air separator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a cross-section through the air separator of FIG. 1, said section being taken along the line II II.
  • the air separator according to the present invention which has a cylindrical separating housing with an inwardly located radial impeller or runner is characterized primarily in that a plurality of outside cyclones are by means of entrance passages arranged behind the radial impeller in such a way that not only the direction but also the magnitude of the absolute exit velocity of the separating air will not be changed during its entry into the entrance passages.
  • the width of the cyclone passages directly ahead of the cyclones may be reduced by means of flaps built into said passages and being rotatable.
  • the withdrawal of the separating air is effected by immersion tubes which extend into the cyclones and which are connected to the housing of the separating chamber by rectangular passages in such a way that the passages connected at an incline to the separating housing represent a cascade.
  • Behind the stationary blades of the cascade there are provided adjustable blades which extend into the separating chamber while the angle formed by these blades with the circumference of the separating chamber may be varied at random.
  • flaps in such a way that by adjusting these flaps the exit cross-section of the passages can be made as small as desired.
  • the housing for the separating chamber comprises a coaxial stationary pipe or tube which extends from the conical discharge opening for the coarse material to almost the cover disc for the radial impeller.
  • a straight distributing cone the tip of which ends below the discharge end of a conveyor which is radially from the outside guided to the axis of the separator and which for purposes of passing the separating material and the coarse material therethrough has corresponding openings at different locations.
  • the air separator according to the invention also eliminates the drawback of a high power consumption.
  • the non-variable resistances inherent to the construction are small.
  • the path through which the separating air flows during a complete circulation is short and, on the other hand, the cyclones are so dimensioned that for a predetermined separating output they will cause only as minor a pressure loss as possible.
  • the flowing of the separating air into the cyclone passages is accompanied by a particularly low resistance.
  • variable resistance in the form of a counter running axial impeller will become completely superfluous with the air separator according to the invention.
  • the change in the circulated quantity of air is effected by correspondingly changing the speed of the radial impeller. This will simultaneously bring about that the energy loss which is inherent to the change in the quantity of air will be of an absolute minimum value.
  • speed control of fans is most favorable from a standpoint of energy.
  • the energy consumption with reference to the throughflow of the finish separated material varies with two and a half the power of the speed of the radial impeller. This means that in contrast to all heretofore known air separators the specific energy consumption decreases greatly with increasing fineness of the finish separated material.
  • the air separator according to the invention also is free from the drawbacks of the prior art which drawbacks are inherent to the introduction of the separating air into the separating chamber and to the charging of the material to be separated. While the introduction of the separating air also with the device according to the invention is effected through a cascade which is formed by those passages which connect the cyclones to the separating chamber, there is, however, the important difference that the magnitude as well as the direction of the separating air flowing into the separating chamber can be varied independently of each other. The absolute magnitude of the velocity of the separating air when entering the housing of the separating chamber is influenced by the flaps in the passages.
  • the entrance velocity of the separating air increases correspondingly.
  • the change in the direction of the air entrance velocity is effected by means of the adjustable blades which extend into the separating chamber and which are mounted behind the stationary blades of the cascade, i. e. behind the passage walls.
  • the velocity components of the twist flow behind the cascade may thus be varied to a great extent in conformity with size and direction and this may be effected independently of the respective quantity of circulated air.
  • twist flow can always be so adjusted that the core of the vortex which is unseparably connected with the twist flow has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the coaxial pipe in the interior of the separator chamber. In this way it is principally made impossible that the fine particles of the material to be separated will get into the core of a vortex and from the latter can pass to a major extent into the discharge member for the coarse material.
  • the charging of the material to be separated over the distributing cone is effected above the cascade in a range in which the twist flow has at least to a major portion the form of movement of a potential vortex.
  • the material to be separated is afier leaving the distributing cone caught by the potential vortex and is radially distributed over the annular cross-section of the separating chamber while being dispersed to a major extent or disagglomerated.
  • the dispersion and radial distribution are further aided by the fact that with a potential vortex the circumferential speeds are inversely proportional to the radii. Since in this way the velocities are different on two adjacent radii there is formed a kind of shear flow which aids the dispersion and disagglomeration.
  • the material to be separated is immediately after leaving the distributing cone caught by a circumferential speed which has its maximum value at the outer circumference of the distributing cone and consequently considerably accelerates the material to be separated in a tangential and radial direction so that the material will in a desired manner quickly be moved out of the vicinity of the distributing cone and into the separating chamber.
  • the independence of the twist flow from the circulated quantity of air additionally brings about the great advantage that it is possible to maintain constant the especially important circumferential speed at the marginal area of the distributing cone. This is of importance when sifting a fine material where the circulated quantity of air is very small.
  • the cylindrical configuration of the separating chamber of the air separator according to the invention also aids a situation which represents a further advantage. It is well known that the degree of separation at which a separator separates a dispersed material into a fine and a coarse material will be improved by a postsifting of a certain proportion of the fine material in the coarse material. Such post-sifting is effected in the air separator according to the invention in such a way that a relatively great portion of the coarse sifted material is subjected by the twist flow to centrifugal forces and above the cascade is rotated in the form of rings or strands and in this way is subjected to a continuous post-sifting.
  • twist flow also brings about another advantage. It is well known that with each equilibrium separation in the separating chamber those particle's accumulate which have a diameter equalling the separating granule diameter. Consequently, the particles which are in equilibrium will move neither upwardly nor downwardly. This increase in the number of particles of approximately the same weight will, of course, bring about a decrease in the degree of separation of the separating process unless care is taken to remove these particles continuously from the separating chamber. The continuous removal of these particles is carried out in a simple manner by the twist flow. The particles of approximately the same weight are similar to all other particles in view of the rotation imparted thereupon and the centrifugal force inherent thereto driven toward the wall of the separating housing where they collect and are then subjected to the above mentioned post-sifting process.
  • a cylindrical housing 1 of a separating chamber there is arranged a radial impeller 2 which is adapted through the intervention of a transmission 3 to be driven by a speed variable motor 4.
  • Behind the radial impeller 2 there are provided entrance passages 5 to cyclones 6.
  • a flap 7 Installed in each of these entrance passages 5 and parallel to the outer vertical passage wall is a flap 7 which is adapted by means of an adjusting member 8 to be tilted in such a way that the entrance cross-section of the cyclones 6 can be varied from a maximum value to zero and vice versa.
  • the cyclones 6 are adapted to communicate with the separating chamber defined by the housing 1 through immersion pipes 10 introduced into the exit passage 9 from below for the fine material and by passages 11 communicating with the immersion pipes 10, the side walls of the passages 11 forming a cascade confined by the circumference of the housing 1.
  • movable blades 12 Arranged behind the stationary blades formed by the side walls of the passages 11 are movable blades 12 which by means of an adjusting member 13 adapted to bring about a rotary movement can be so adjusted that each desired pitch or angle of the blades 12 with the circumference of the housing 1 may be obtained.
  • flaps 14 Built into the passages 11 are flaps 14 which extend parallel to the upper inclined side walls and which can likewise be adjusted by means of an adjusting member 15 in such a way that the magnitude of the exit cross-section of the passages 11 can be varied from a maximum value to zero and vice versa in an infinitely fine manner.
  • a coaxial pipe 16 which rests on a conical discharge member 17 for the coarse material.
  • the passage of the coarse material from the circular separating chamber to a discharge 18 is made possible by openings 19.
  • a distributing cone 20 located above the cascade and having its tip extend to an area below the outlet of an air conveying duct or trough 21.
  • openings 22 the material to be separated passes from the distributing cone 20 into the separating chamber.
  • the coaxial pipe 16 continues and ends directly below the cover disc of the radial impeller 2.
  • the air separator operates as follows: The material to be separated passes through the air conveying duct 21 into the interior of the coaxial pipe 16 where it drops upon the tip of the distributing cone 20 on which it is uniformly distributed and due to the inclination of the distributing cone 20 slides through openings 22 into the separating chamber. lrnmediately after entering the separating chamber, the material to be separated is caught by the here rotating potential vortex which is generated by the separating air entering through the passages 11 and, as the case may be, by a corresponding adjustment of the flaps l4 and blades 12. The material to be separated is in this way accelerated tangentially and radially and is Y thus uniformly distributed over the entire circular cross-section of the separating chamber.
  • the vertical separating air velocity which is independent of the potential vortex and is infinitely variable by a corresponding selection of the speed of rotation of the radial impeller 2 carries vertically upwardly all the particles having a weight less than the resistance exerted upon said particles by the vertical separating air velocity.
  • the particles the weight of which exceeds the said resistance drop downwardly into the discharge element 17 for the coarse material, and the latter leaves the discharge element 17 through the outlet 18.
  • the upwardly carried particles of the fine material first enter the radial impeller 2 and from the latter pass into the inlet passages 5 and thereupon into the cyclones 6.
  • the fine material is separated in a known manner with the exception of an unavoidable remainder. This remainder is kept as small as possible by pivoting the flaps 7, if necessary, in the entrance passages 5 so as to set the same for the smallest possible diameter of the separating granules.
  • the fine material finally leaves the cyclones 6 through the outlets 9 which, for instance, lead into a circular air duct which is located below the outlets 9 and which collects the fine material and transports it away.
  • a circulating air separator with a closed circuit path for separating air which includes: housing means substantially cylindrical over the entire length thereof and having a distributing cone located centrally therein by way of which separating material is centrally supplied while defining separating chamber means therewith where separation of separating material occurs into coarse material and fine material by way of separating air based upon equilibrium principle, an internal radial impeller means arranged at the upper end portion of said separating chamber means above said distributing cone, motor means drivingly connected to mersion pipe means extending into the lower portion of said cyclones, and additional conduit means establishing communication between said immersion pipe means and the lower portion of said separating chamber means, said additional conduit means being connected angularly adjacent said housing means forming a cascade.
  • said blades being adjustable so as to form different angles with regard to the circumference of said separating chamber means.
  • control means formed by flap. means which are pivotally mounted in said inlet conduit means of said cyclones and operable selectively to vary the effective cross-section through which said inlet conduit means communicate with said cyclones, said flap means being adjustable from a minimum cross-sectional value to a maximum value thereof and vice versa.
  • An air separator according to claim 3 which includes additional flap means arranged within said additional conduit meam and operable for selectively varying and controlling the free cross-section establishing communication between said additional conduit means and said separating chamber means.
  • control means also include additionally flap means arranged in said additional conduit means, said sep'arator also including adjusting means operatively .conf sfifl l jl l l ller m or co r i t rfili g s id fi g means to maintain substantially constant the diameter of the finish separated granules, the diameter of the vortex and the circumferential speed of the twist flow on the outer marginal area of the distributing cone.

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  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
US15495A 1969-03-01 1970-03-02 Air separator Expired - Lifetime US3682302A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1910501A DE1910501C3 (de) 1969-03-01 1969-03-01 Umluftsichter

Publications (1)

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US3682302A true US3682302A (en) 1972-08-08

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US15495A Expired - Lifetime US3682302A (en) 1969-03-01 1970-03-02 Air separator

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US (1) US3682302A (fr)
AT (1) AT300692B (fr)
BE (1) BE746711A (fr)
CA (1) CA946756A (fr)
CH (1) CH510471A (fr)
DE (1) DE1910501C3 (fr)
DK (1) DK140714B (fr)
FR (1) FR2033164A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1253952A (fr)
SE (1) SE365130B (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901794A (en) * 1972-07-21 1975-08-26 Polysius Ag Circulatory air sifter
US3972808A (en) * 1974-03-25 1976-08-03 Manley Bros. Of Indiana, Inc. Pneumatic classifier with particle removal system
US5735403A (en) * 1995-03-22 1998-04-07 Stiglianese; Michael L. Apparatus for removal of fine particles in material flow system
US6739456B2 (en) 2002-06-03 2004-05-25 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and methods for separating particles
EP1969986A1 (fr) 2007-03-12 2008-09-17 Samsung Gwangju Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil de séparation de poussière d'aspirateur
US8226019B2 (en) 2011-10-15 2012-07-24 Dean Andersen Trust Systems for isotropic quantization sorting of automobile shredder residue to enhance recovery of recyclable resources
US9132432B2 (en) 2011-10-15 2015-09-15 Dean Andersen Trust Isotropic quantization sorting systems of automobile shredder residue to enhance recovery of recyclable materials

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD208561B1 (de) * 1982-06-22 1986-12-10 Dessau Zementanlagenbau Veb Dispergiervorrichtung fuer einen statischen sichter
GB2319738A (en) 1996-11-29 1998-06-03 Notetry Ltd Apparatus for separating particles from a fluid flow
KR100592096B1 (ko) * 2004-10-08 2006-06-22 삼성광주전자 주식회사 사이클론 집진장치
CN107252798B (zh) * 2017-08-11 2023-09-08 淮北市金华面粉有限公司 一种双筛网打麸机
CN113369026B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-05-06 赣江新区澳博颗粒科技研究院有限公司 一种超细分级旋流器及其制作工艺

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858020A (en) * 1954-09-20 1958-10-28 Smidth & Co As F L Method and apparatus for separating slurry and like suspensions
US3095369A (en) * 1961-06-14 1963-06-25 Westfalia Dinnendahl Air-circulation classifier
US3483973A (en) * 1966-03-03 1969-12-16 Westfalia Dinnendahl Air classifier
US3520407A (en) * 1963-12-20 1970-07-14 Hans Rumpf Classification method and apparatus
US3524544A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-18 Westfalia Dinnedahl Groppel Ag Milling plant for sifting damp material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858020A (en) * 1954-09-20 1958-10-28 Smidth & Co As F L Method and apparatus for separating slurry and like suspensions
US3095369A (en) * 1961-06-14 1963-06-25 Westfalia Dinnendahl Air-circulation classifier
US3520407A (en) * 1963-12-20 1970-07-14 Hans Rumpf Classification method and apparatus
US3483973A (en) * 1966-03-03 1969-12-16 Westfalia Dinnendahl Air classifier
US3524544A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-18 Westfalia Dinnedahl Groppel Ag Milling plant for sifting damp material

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901794A (en) * 1972-07-21 1975-08-26 Polysius Ag Circulatory air sifter
US3972808A (en) * 1974-03-25 1976-08-03 Manley Bros. Of Indiana, Inc. Pneumatic classifier with particle removal system
US5735403A (en) * 1995-03-22 1998-04-07 Stiglianese; Michael L. Apparatus for removal of fine particles in material flow system
US6739456B2 (en) 2002-06-03 2004-05-25 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Apparatus and methods for separating particles
EP1969986A1 (fr) 2007-03-12 2008-09-17 Samsung Gwangju Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil de séparation de poussière d'aspirateur
US8226019B2 (en) 2011-10-15 2012-07-24 Dean Andersen Trust Systems for isotropic quantization sorting of automobile shredder residue to enhance recovery of recyclable resources
US9132432B2 (en) 2011-10-15 2015-09-15 Dean Andersen Trust Isotropic quantization sorting systems of automobile shredder residue to enhance recovery of recyclable materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE746711A (fr) 1970-07-31
DE1910501B2 (de) 1975-04-10
DE1910501C3 (de) 1980-01-31
DK140714B (da) 1979-11-05
CA946756A (en) 1974-05-07
GB1253952A (en) 1971-11-17
FR2033164A5 (fr) 1970-11-27
DE1910501A1 (de) 1970-10-15
SE365130B (fr) 1974-03-18
DK140714C (fr) 1980-04-08
AT300692B (de) 1972-08-10
CH510471A (de) 1971-07-31

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