US3688527A - Apparatus for cleaning resilient webs - Google Patents

Apparatus for cleaning resilient webs Download PDF

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US3688527A
US3688527A US54172A US3688527DA US3688527A US 3688527 A US3688527 A US 3688527A US 54172 A US54172 A US 54172A US 3688527D A US3688527D A US 3688527DA US 3688527 A US3688527 A US 3688527A
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web
recited
cleaning device
fluid
liquid
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US54172A
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Stanley Blustain
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Stam Instruments Corp
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Stam Instruments Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B13/00—Treatment of textile materials with liquids, gases or vapours with aid of vibration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/32—Washing wire-cloths or felts

Definitions

  • Said output radiator is positioned adjacent said web and reflecting means is disposable in facing [56] R f s Cit d relation with said output radiator, with said web therebetween, for reflecting said vibrations back into UNITED STATES PATENTS said fluid medium, said reflecting means and output 1,369,335 2/1921 Goodfellow ..162/306 x diam W .spaced
  • Such the 2,484,014 10/1949 Peterson et al. ..68/3 ss reflected are Substamlauy Phase the vibrations radiated into said fluid medium by said generating means output radiator.
  • This invention relates generally to devices for cleaning resilient webs and more particularly to devices for cleaning the wet press felts utilized in the manufacture of paper.
  • Cellulose and other constituents of the paper manufacturing process are unintentionally deposited on and adhere to the wet press felts and have proved difficult to remove. When these deposits of contaminants build up to the extent that they interfere with the production of paper, the paper manufacturing process must be interrupted and the felt cleaned or replaced, resulting in extended periods of down time for the machine.
  • conditioning has also proved unsatisfactory as they have proven unsuccessful in breaking the bond between firmly encrusted contaminants and the felts. These devices do not produce complete cleaning but only serve to reduce the rate of contaminant accumulation on the felts.
  • Ultrasonic vibration devices have been utilized in the art in connection with the cleaning of hard elastic solid objects but have generally been deemed ineffectual if employed for the cleaning of fabrics and other highly resilient materials.
  • cleansing is effected by the mechanical action of a liquid medium when high frequency mechanical vibrations are propagated through it.
  • the dynamics of this process are particularly complex.
  • the generally accepted theory ascribes the cleansing, assuming a nonreactive chemical medium, to a number of phenomena and fluid response characteristics produce in the liquid by the introduction of ultrasonic vibrations. These include alternating pressure maxima which impart rapid oscillations to the individual liquid centers and, if the vibration intensity is above a given threshold level, the forces generated by cavitation of the liquid.
  • Cavitation may be defined as formation of gas filled, vapor filled, and/or empty cavities in a liquid, although the term is also used to describe effects produced in the medium or on the surroundings where cavitation occurs. Under proper conditions of temperature and pres sure, cavitation will occur in any liquid subject to periodic alternating pressures of sufficiently high magnitude.
  • a device for cleaning particles from a resilient web in a fluid medium including generating means having an output radiator disposable adjacent said web for generating longitudinal vibrations of large displacement amplitude adapted to produce periodic perturbations in said fluid medium; and reflecting means disposable in facing relation to said generating means output radiator, with said web therebetween, for reflecting said vibrations back into said fluid medium, said reflecting means being spaced from said generating means output radiator a distance such that the reflected vibrations are substantially in phase with the vibrations radiated into said fluid medium by said generating means output radiator.
  • the displacement amplitude of the fluid medium perturbations are increased for the release of said particles from said web into said fluid primarily by the selective entrainment characteristics of the viscous forces generated by said perturbating medium.
  • a method for cleaning resilient webs wherein said resilient web is carried through a fluid medium; longitudinal vibrations of large displacement amplitude are applied to said fluid medium from one side of said web; and said vibrations are reflected at or somewhat beyond the other side of said web back into said fluid medium, said reflected vibrations being substantially in phase with the applied longitudinal vibra- 'tions thereby substantially increasing the displacement amplitude of the fluid medium perturbations, the frequency of said vibrations and the viscosity of said fluid being coordinately selected for the release of particles from said web into said fluid primarily by the selective entrainment characteristics of the viscous forces generated by said perturbating medium.
  • the generating means may include ultrasonic transducer means for the vibration of the generating means output radiator in a longitudinal direction along an axis extending between said output radiator and said reflecting means.
  • the fluid medium may be a gas, a vapor or a liq uid, said generating means being disposed so that the output radiator thereof lies in said fluid medium.
  • the generating means output radiator and reflector may be disposed in a liquid bath with the resilient web being carried therebetween; or means may be provided for depositing a layer of liquid on the web in advance of its passing between said generating and reflecting means so that the output radiator, liquid, web and reflector are contiguous, said deposited liquid and the particles en trained therein being substantially removed from said web after the passage thereof between said generating and reflecting means.
  • the means for removing said liquid and entrained particles may include vacuum means for suctioning off the liquid and particles or a fluid slice means for directing a stream of fluid tangentially across the surface of the web, or directly through a permeable web, to drive the fluid medium and particles entrained therein from the web.
  • the generating means may include an ultrasonic siren or electrodynamic transducer for generating the periodic perturbations of said gaseous medium.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a web cleaning apparatus particularly adapted for continuously cleaning wet press felts utilized in paper manufacturing and disposed in endless belts.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method and device for cleaning resilient webs adaptable for cleaning such webs in gas, liquid or vapor fluid mediums.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of the resilient web cleaning device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the embodiment of the resilient web cleaning device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of one embodiment of an ultrasonic field magnetostrictive generator which can be incorporated in the embodiment of the resilient web cleaning device of FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an ultrasonic siren embodiment of the generating means according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a second embodiment of the resilient web cleaning device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a third embodiment of the resilient web cleaning device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing particle entrainment as a function of particle size for a selected group of vibration frequencies and fluid mediums.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a first embodiment of the resilient web cleaning apparatus according to the invention is depicted.
  • Said cleaning apparatus consists of a cleaning head 10 mounted for longitudinal displacement along a support shaft 12. Displacement is achieved by means of a drive shaft 14 formed with a lead screw in the surface thereof adapted to cooperate with a corresponding split nut formed on the inner surface of drive assembly 16 of said cleaning head.
  • Cleaning head 16 is disposed over a resilient web 18 such as a wet press felt or fabric which is continuously displaced in the direction of arrows 20.
  • Cleaning head it
  • Mounted below and aligned with the output radiator 32 of high frequency field generating device 26 is a field reflector in the form of a longitudinally extending bar 34.
  • Web 18 is carried between said output radiator and fixed reflector while said cleaning head is traversed laterally along said web along a path defined by reflector 34.
  • Driving shaft 14 will preferably be connected to a driving motor and transmission (not shown) which will permit the displacement of cleaning head in both directions, for the reciprocal traverse thereof along the width of said web. More than one cleaning head may be mounted on support shaft 12 for displacement by drive shaft M if desired.
  • Liquid medium application assembly 28 includes a liquid nozzle or slice 36 adapted to deposit a uniform thin sheet of liquid on the surface of web 18.
  • the sheet of liquid is wide enough to encompass the length of the radiator output surface 32, and may be deposited uniformly at a velocity substantially equal to the velocity of web 18.
  • Said liquid is supplied to said nozzle through hose 38.
  • the hose and nozzle are both mounted on nozzle support 40 which, in turn, is hingedly mounted on displacement support 42 by means of pivot 44.
  • a clamping device 46 riding in channel 47 is provided to secure nozzle support 40 in the proper relative position to displacement support 42 as required to deposit said thin sheet of liquid onto web 18.
  • Displacement support 42 is substantially L-shaped with nozzle support 40 mounted on one arm thereof and the other arm thereof received in a channel 48 in frame 22. Displacement support 42 is provided with a transverse portion 50 which bridges the arms thereof and which is formed with a threaded aperture therethrough. Adjustment screw 54 which extends through a projection 56 in frame 22 is received within transverse portion 50 of displacement support 42. By rotating adjusting screw 54 displacement support 42 is longitudinally displaced along channel 48 for the vertical positioning of nozzle 36 relative to web 18.
  • a transducer as shown in FIG. 3 is utilized to initiate the generation of the high frequency field.
  • Said transducer is of the electroacoustic type adapted to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations; a type frequently referred to in the art as ultrasonic transducers.
  • a magnetostrictive transducer 64 is shown by way of example, like fields can also be produced by other electro-acoustic transducers such as electrostrictive and piezoelectric transducers, which are equally applicable to the arrangement according to the invention. All of these transducers have in common the ability to produce longitudinal vibrations of a fixed preselected fundamental frequency.
  • Electrical generator 62 is adapted to produce a signal of predetermined frequency which is applied along leads 66 as the excitation for said transducer.
  • the excitation may either have a conventional sinusoidal waveform or may have other waveform configurations such as sawtooth or squarewave.
  • Said magnetostrictive transducer 64 is of a conventional design and is mounted within inner housing 68 which in turn is mounted within outer housing 60. Said inner housing is provided to retain circulating cooling water which enters through port 70 and leaves the chamber defined by said inner housing through port 72.
  • Received within inner housing 68 is a stack of laminations 74 formed from a ferromagnetic material and having a central opening 76 therethrough. Along the vibration propagation axis, said stack of laminations is mechanically resonant at the fundamental frequency of the applied excitation, said axis being perpendicular to the plane of the output radiator surface 32.
  • Leads 66 connect with coils 78 which serve to apply the signal of electrical generator 62 to the stack of magnetostrictive laminations 74 to cause the elogation and constriction thereof in a manner well known in the art.
  • the magnetostrictive transducer is preferably designed and operated as an apolarized vibrator. This mode of operation requires the coils 78 surrounding stack 74 to be energized with a biasing direct current in addition to the high frequency signal of electrical generator 62.
  • the bias current creates a permanent magnetic field that fixes the polarity of the stack. For a given set of input conditions, this mode of operation allows the transducer stack to vibrate both at the maximum amplitude possible, and in synchronism with the frequency of the applied alternating current.
  • Magnetostrictive stack 74 is mechanically mounted on and bonded to a coupling stub 80 which in turn is mounted to inner housing 68 by means of a quarterwave isolator 81 which serves to prevent the transmission of vibrations to the housing while supporting the vibrating components of the transducer.
  • the oscillating stack of magnetostrictive laminations 74 cannot by itself produce the fluid displacement amplitude normally required for the purposes of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • Other devices are utilized to increase the displacement amplitude of the vibrations generated thereby. in addition to reflector 34, these devices include coupling stub 80 and vibration radiator/amplifier 82 which is mechanically secured to said coupling stub by a connecting stud 84. Said vibration radiator/amplifier and coupling stub serve to transmit the longitudinal vibrations from the magnetostrictive stack to the end surface thereof defining output radiator 32 of field generating means 26 while amplifying said longitudinal vibrations due to the shapes thereof in a manner well known in the art.
  • Output radiator 32 of field generating device 26 is disposed within the sheet of liquid medium 86 deposited by liquid medium application assembly 28.
  • the longitudinal vibrations transmitted into the fluid from output radiator 32 serve to establish corresponding high frequency perturbations in liquid medium 86 in a direction toward and away from field reflector 34.
  • FIG. 3 shows merely one embodiment of the field generating device which may be utilized in the resilient web cleaning apparatus according to the invention. Said embodiment is particularly adapted for use in conjunction with liquid mediums.
  • the radiation impedance of the field generating device according to the invention must be matched with the characteristics impedance of the fluid medium. When so matched, the vibrational energy gathered by the device is coupled to the fluid. Due to radical differences between the characteristic impedance of liquids and gases, field generating devices of different design must be used in conjunction with such gases and vapors, one embodiment of such a device being shown in FIG. 4.
  • a compressed air supply 90 is coupled by conduit 92 toan acoustic siren 9d disposed in facing relation with reflector 34, with web 18 therebetween.
  • the acoustic siren is adapted to produce high frequency'mechanical vibrations in a gas or vapor medium located in the region 96 intermediate said siren and field reflector 34. Since cavitation does not occur in a gas, the ability of the embodiment of FIG. 4 to clean resilient webs points up the differences between the arrangement according to the invention and the prior art attempts to clean such webs using ultrasonics.
  • Said ultrasonic siren is preferably of a design such that the vibrations emanating therefrom have essentially plane wavefronts of relatively uniform intensity normal to the vibration propagation axis extending between said siren and said reflector.
  • the design of reflector 34 and the physical restrictions both on the geometry of the medium and the orientation of the resilient web in the medium are the same as the embodiment of FIG. 3 and will be more particularly discussed in connection with the latter embodiment.
  • An electrodynamic transducer using a resonant solid essentially cylindrical aluminum bar as the oscillating driver can also be used in the arrangement according to the invention for generating the required large amplitude perturbations of a gas or vapor medium. It can be employed in the arrangement of FIG. 4 in lieu of the acoustic siren and its associated compressed air supply.
  • vibration radiator/amplifier 82 and coupling stub 80 may be of any desired design capable of achieving the functions of transmitting the vibrations generated by the transducer to output radiator 32, amplifying said vibrations, and efficiently coupling them to the liquid medium.
  • Both of these devices are specialized mechanical transformers that increase the particle velocity of the vibrations transmitted through them.
  • These transformers are essentially plain homogeneous metal bodies whose characteristics as vibration amplifiers are defined by the geometry of their design, the magnification produced being a function of their input and output surface areas, and their geometric profile along the vibration propagation axis. Said axis is perpendicular to the plane of the surface defining output radiator 32.
  • the coupling stub and radiator/amplifier are each mechanically resonant at the fundamental vibration frequency of the transducer.
  • each successive stage added to the device markedly reduces its transmission efiiciency. Dissipation of the vibrational energy into the surrounding structure such as inner housing 68 is avoided by mounting the coupling stub by means of an isolator as shown in the drawings, or at a vibration nodal plane, in a conventional manner.
  • a thin soft metal gasket (not shown) is preferably interposed between the output surface of coupling stub and the input surface of amplifier/radiator 82 to improve the mechanical coupling and prevent damage to the threads of connecting stud 84.
  • the surface defining output radiator 32 is plane and perpendicular to the vibration propagation axis.
  • the shape thereof can take any number of geometric forms; however, in the embodiment shown in the drawings, a plane rectangular output surface is shown. Large sur face areas of web 18 can be uniformly irradiated with this output surface geometry by displacing cleaning head 10 across the web and/or displacing the web past said output radiator.
  • Reflector 34 is adapted to reflect the high frequency field emanating from output radiator 32 back into the fluid medium. By properly positioning the principal surface of reflector 34 relative to output radiator 32, reflector 34 serves to magnify the amplitude of the periodic perturbations of the fluid medium.
  • Principal surface 100 of reflector 34 is a smooth flat plane surface oriented substantially perpendicular to the vibration propagation axis and parallel to output radiator 32. Said reflector is positioned so that the primary beam of vibrational energy radiated from output radiator 32, or the output radiator of any other embodiment of the high frequency field generating device according to the invention, impinges on the principal reflecting surface thereof.
  • the surface area of principal surface 100 should preferably be large enough to intercept all of this energy.
  • reflector 34 is designed and positioned such that the wavefronts reflected from the principal surface 100 of the reflector constitute a secondary source of vibrations which interfere with and have displacement amplitudes that are essentially in phase with the vibrations emanating from output radiator 32. Reinforcement of the vibrations in the fluid medium is developed by this in-phase superposition of the principal and reflected vibration wavefronts, thereby increasing the displacement amplitude of the fluid perturbations.
  • the reflector according to the invention produces amplification of the medium perturbations without requiring any additional energy to be supplied to the system from an outside source.
  • This amplification is dependent solely on specific mechanical properties of the reflector and its spatial orientation in the system.
  • a bar of uniform thickness having a smooth flat principal surface 100 oriented substantially perpendicular to the vibration propagation axis, reflector 34 is located with the fluid medium interposed between its principal reflecting surface Itltl and the output radiator 32 of the field generating device 26.
  • This phase inversion is produced where the material of said reflector has a characteristic impedance larger than the characteristic impedance of the fluid medium. Said phase inversion in conjunction with the second requisite permits the production of stationary waves or a high standing wave ratio in the fluid.
  • the second requisite is the spacing between the reflector surface 100 and output radiator 32. In order to produce the stationary or high standing wave ratio field, such spacing must be approximately equal to n multiple half wave lengths of the vibration in the fluid, where n is zero or any integer. For the narrow gap condition (zero half wave lengths plus a small increment), the relative position of the resilient web between the reflector and output radiator is not critical, as where said spacing is less than one twentieth of a wave length. However, where n is an integer, the resilient web should be situated in the region of a vibration displacement antinode for maximum process efficacy.
  • Reflector 34 Two other factors influence the efficiency of reflector 34. The first of these is the magnitude of the mismatch between the characteristic impedance of the fluid and the reflector. Increasing this mismatch increases the magnitude of the fluid perturbations by maximizing the percentage of the vibrational energy reflected back into the fluid medium. The second factor is the thickness of the reflector in the direction parallel to the vibration propagation axis. For optimum reflection of the normally incident vibrations, this dimension should be equal to an integral number of odd quarter wave lengths of the fundamental vibration in the reflector. Reflector 34 is preferably formed from metal, Tungsten being particularly adapted for this purpose.
  • the foregoing arrangement serves to generate in the fluid medium perturbations of large displacement amplitude which serve to develop disjunctive forces between the resilient web and any soil particles mechanically bonded thereto. It has been found that these disjunctive forces are not the cavitational forces usually associated with conventional ultrasonic cleaning devices, but rather, principally those viscous forces generated due to proper use of the selective entrainment characteristics exhibited by particles in a periodically perturbating fluid medium. Said forces are developed by application of the method according to the invention described below.
  • the web may be impregnated with a liquid before reaching the device according to the invention so that it is only necessary to add an additional layer of liquid medium between the web and the output radiator to produce the desired unbroken continuity of the liquid medium.
  • care must be taken to insure that the motion of the web and liquid film through the treatment zone is rectilinear, rather than curvilinear, since the latter motion produces forces which may in turn produce a stratified film of air within the treatment zone.
  • the viscous forces developed on the solids are periodic. However, at any given moment they are not uniformly distributed nor do they have the same magnitude.
  • the resilient web and each contaminant particle on it are all individuallysubjected to viscous forces.
  • the amplitude of these forces can vary widely and is a function of the kinematic constraints to which the oscillating solids are subject. To understand these constraints and the manner in which they determine the magnitude of the forces that are developed, the essential kinematics of this type of forced vibration are described below.
  • the motion of the solids oscillating in the medium is also periodic.
  • the displacement amplitude maximum excursion of any solid oscillating in the medium must always be less than the displacement amplitude of the medium itself.
  • the quotient formed by expressing the displacement amplitude of any solid and the displacement amplitude of the fluid medium as a ratio is termed the entrainment ratio, said ratio being always numerically less than one.
  • the kinematic constraints that are essential to this process can be readily described by use of an idealized model.
  • the model to be used will describe the motion produced if the solids are small spherical particles; particles whose size and density are in the same range as common fabric soiling agents. In this situation, both the oscillations of the particles and the alternation of the periodic viscous forces acting on them occur at the same frequency as the impressed vibrations.
  • the entrainment ratio of any particle driven by a periodic viscous force is a function of the size of the particle, its density, the frequency at which the medium is oscillating and the absolute viscosity of the medium.
  • the extent to which any of these solid particles will be entrained in the fluid is determined only by specific physical properties of the particles and the medium.
  • the entrainment ratio is a vector quantity.
  • the relative motion between said particles and the fluid differs in phase as well as magnitude. Particles that are negligibly entrained oscillate essentially in phase with the perturbations of the medium.
  • the entrainment ratio of said particles increase, the difference in phase between their motion and the motion of the fluid also increases. For the limiting condition in which the entrainment ratio approaches unity, the phase difference between the particle and fluid motion approaches ninety degrees.
  • the entrainment ratio is inversely proportional both to the density of the particle and tothe square of its radius.
  • the product of these two terms is designated the inertial coeff cient of the particle.
  • FIG. 7 shows a semilog plot of entrainment ratio magnitude against particle size for water as the fluid medium at frequencies of 1,000 Hz, 20,000 Hz and 100,000 Hz, and for air as the fluid medium at 1,000 Hz and 100,000 Hz.
  • the plots shown in FIG. 7, assume a particle density of l gm/cm.
  • entrainment ratio as a function of particle size, and similarly of inertial coefficients is markedly non-linear; in fact, it is nearly a step function. In other words, the transition from a condition of near total entrainment to that of negligible entrainment occurs within a small range of inertial coefficients.
  • particles with inertial coefficients greater than a certain critical value are negligible entrained; those particles having inertial coefficients somewhat lower in value are almost entirely entrained.
  • the entrainment oration of a particle is also dependent both on the frequency at which the medium is oscillating and on the absolute viscosity of the medium. Particles that are negligibly entrained in a given medium which is oscillating at a specific frequency can be virtually totally entrained by changing either or both of these system variables.
  • the entrainment ratio of particles can be controlled to a certain extent by the proper selection of either the frequency at which the medium is oscillating and/or the viscosity of the medium.
  • proper selection of values for these variables will permit particles having inertial coefficients smaller than any specific value to be almost totally entrained, or will permit particles having inertial coefficients larger than any specific value to be negligibly entrained.
  • the difference between negligible and near total entrainment can be exhibited by two particles of the same material whose radii differ by one order of magnitude.
  • the technique used in the method and apparatus according to the invention is based on the ability to produce large disjunctive viscous forces between any resilient web and contaminant particles mechanically bonded thereto by selectively entraining the solids in a fluid medium.
  • this principle of selective entrainment is applied and used to produce said disjunctive forces between the resilient web and the contaminant particles adhering to it.
  • the periodic viscous forces developed and acting on the freely oscillating particles are strictly defined. Values for the force acting on any given particle can be computed by using either Stokes Law or a modified form of it. In its simplest form, this force is a function of the radius of the particle, the absolute viscosity of the medium, the frequency at which the medium and the particle are oscillating, and the difference between the displacement of the medium and the displacement of the particle.
  • a combination or combinations of vibration frequency and fluid viscosity can be selected wherein the entrainment ratio of the web is negligible and wherein the entrainment ratio of the contaminants would be substantial, in many cases essentially unity, if they were not mechanically bonded to the web.
  • said contaminants are mechanically bonded to the web and cannot oscillate at their natural entrainment ratio, viscous forces are developed that act directly on the particle/web bond. When the viscous forces so developed are larger than the forces bonding the contaminant particles to the web, dislocation of the contaminants from the web occurs.
  • viscous forces are applied according to the method of the invention to break the mechanical bond between and separate contaminant particles from any resilient web.
  • effective cleaning can be achieved.
  • disjunctive viscous forces are proportional to the displacement amplitude of the oscillating fluid medium, so that improved efficacy in cleaning is achieved with every increase in the ability of the system to increase the displacement amplitude of the fluid medium perturbations.
  • the actual frequency selected depends on the size and density of the contaminant particles to be removed from the web, and the physical structure of the web itself. In the embodiments wherein a liquid medium is utilized, most applications of the arrangement according to the invention will be in the range of 20,000 Hz to 60,000 Hz. As a practical matter, the upper frequency is on the order of 100,000 Hz. The lowest available frequency depends, in large measure, both on the size and density of the contaminants and on the physical structure of the web being cleaned. As the selected frequency at which the system is intended to operate is reduced, a point is reached at which the entrainment ratio of the web begins to become appreciable.
  • the apparatus according to the invention also serves to generate in the fluid medium substantially directional, ponderomotive forces.
  • ponderomotive forces are Bjorkness, Oseen, acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming. These forces serve to accelerate the displacement of dislocated particles from the region of the resilient web, thereby insuring that said contaminants are carried off the web with the removal of the liquid medium. Said forces also serve to assist in the dislocation of the particles from the web.
  • the liquid deposited by liquid medium application assembly 28 is removed from the traveling web 18 by vacuum assembly 30 along with the particles separated from the web and entrained in said liquid.
  • Said vacuum assembly includes a vacuum manifold 102 disposed with the opening thereof in facing relationship with the upper surface of web 18.
  • the vacuum manifold is connected through conduit 104 to a vacuum mechanism (not shown) which provides the vacuum pressure necessary to suction up the liquid and dirt particles and which receives such dirt particles.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 two alternate embodiments of the resilient web cleaning device according to the invention are disclosed. Like reference numerals are utilized in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6 where like elements are present.
  • the liquid medium is sliced off by a fluid slice assembly 110, rather than being suctioned off by a vacuum assembly as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the web is passed about a guide roller 112 and a stream of fluid, preferably air or water is directed from nozzle 114 so as to strike the surface of web 18 on a tangent thereto.
  • This fluid stream is carried past the web and carries with it substantially all of the liquid medium deposited by liquid medium application assembly 28 and the particles entrained therein.
  • a conduit 116 is connected to a source of fluid under pressure to provide the fluid slice.
  • the reflector 34 is mounted on a reflector support assembly 120 which includes a ball screw adjustment mechanisms 122 for longitudinally displacing reflector 34 toward and away from output radiator 32 in order to control the spacing therebetween.
  • An isolation device 126 is provided to decouple reflector 34 from support assembly 120 to prevent the transmission of vibrations.
  • said isolation means takes the form of four relatively thin quarter wave length long legs.
  • a layer of material having a much lower characteristic impedance than the reflector may also be used as an isolation device. Similar adjustment devices may be applied to the reflector of the other embodiments of the device according to the invention.
  • cleaning head 130 differs from cleaning head in that both the vacuum assembly and liquid medium application assembly are dispensed with. Rather, web 18 passes around guide rollers 132 and 134 in the direction of arrow 136 and passes through a bath of liquid 138 retained within container 140. In all other respects the resilient web cleaning apparatus according to the invention remains unchanged.
  • a device for cleaning particles from a resilient web in a fluid medium comprising generating means operating in a resonant mode having an output radiator disposable adjacent to said web for generating longitudinal vibrations of essentially plane wavefronts adapted to produce periodic perturbations in said fluid medium in the region of an area of said web; and reflecting means having a plane principal surface disposable in facing relation to said generating means output radiator with said web therebetween for reflecting said vibrations back into said fluid medium, said reflecting means principal surface being spaced from said generating means output radiator a distance such that the reflected vibrations are substantially in phase with the vibrations radiated into said fluid medium by said generating means output radiator for the increase in the displacement amplitude of said fluid medium perturbations such that disjunctive forces are produced for the release of said particles from said web into said fluid, said disjunctive forces being primarily due to selective entrainment of the particles and the generation of ponderomotive forces within said fluid medium.
  • said reflecting means is of a thickness, as measured along the vibration propagation axis of the longitudinal vibrations radiated from said output radiator, selected so that substantially more of the energy impinging on said reflecting means is reflected therefrom than is transmitted therethrough.
  • liquid and particle removal means includes fluid slice means for directing a stream of fluid tangentially across the surface of said web to drive at least a portion of said liquid medium and the particles entrained therein from said web.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US54172A 1970-07-13 1970-07-13 Apparatus for cleaning resilient webs Expired - Lifetime US3688527A (en)

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Cited By (17)

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US4191611A (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-04 King Henry L Apparatus for ultrasonically cleaning paper making felt
US4193842A (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-03-18 Rushing John C Method and apparatus for cleaning paper making felt
US5016451A (en) * 1988-08-03 1991-05-21 Ishikawa Prefecture Apparatus for treating carbon fiber fabrics
US5333628A (en) * 1992-02-12 1994-08-02 Kyushu Sumitoku Electronics Co., Ltd. Continuous ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US5568822A (en) * 1993-09-10 1996-10-29 Michelson; Manfred G. Film cleaning system and method for photographic film
US5800679A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-09-01 Valmet Corporation Device in a paper machine or in a finishing device of a paper machine for removing dust
US5852845A (en) * 1993-09-10 1998-12-29 Michelson; Manfred G. Device for extracting water from photographic film
EP0969131A1 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Stork Brabant B.V. Device and method for treating textiles
US6148831A (en) * 1996-10-25 2000-11-21 Valmet Corporation Method for cleaning a web
US6266836B1 (en) * 1996-10-04 2001-07-31 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas Process and device for continuous ultrasonic washing of textile
US20020134117A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2002-09-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Washer having a partial washing apparatus, and washing apparatus
US20050072194A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2005-04-07 Hideyuki Ryohke Washing machine
US20070136957A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2007-06-21 Star Cluster Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic washing method for clothes
US20080192568A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2008-08-14 Dr. Hielscher Gmbh Method and Device For Introducing Ultrasound Into a Flowable Medium
US7740666B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
WO2017025867A1 (en) * 2015-08-08 2017-02-16 VYAS, Himalibahen K. Apparatus for textile processing and method of manufacturing
WO2021022133A3 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-03-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods to clean a continuous substrate

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JPS58196874A (ja) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-16 多賀電気株式会社 超音波処理装置
JPS594388U (ja) * 1982-06-30 1984-01-12 スズキ株式会社 自動二輪車のリヤスイングア−ム取付装置
JPS5913388U (ja) * 1982-07-20 1984-01-27 本田技研工業株式会社 シヤフトドライブ式自動２輪車用リヤフオ−クパイプ
RU2087608C1 (ru) * 1996-11-19 1997-08-20 Квачикидзе Шота Валикоевич Способ стирки и дезинфекции, устройство для его осуществления и насадка на источник потока моющей жидкости
SG11202101617RA (en) * 2018-09-10 2021-03-30 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Washing treatment method for chlorine-containing powder, and washing treatment system for chlorine-containing powder

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Cited By (24)

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US4193842A (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-03-18 Rushing John C Method and apparatus for cleaning paper making felt
US4191611A (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-04 King Henry L Apparatus for ultrasonically cleaning paper making felt
US5016451A (en) * 1988-08-03 1991-05-21 Ishikawa Prefecture Apparatus for treating carbon fiber fabrics
US5333628A (en) * 1992-02-12 1994-08-02 Kyushu Sumitoku Electronics Co., Ltd. Continuous ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
US5568822A (en) * 1993-09-10 1996-10-29 Michelson; Manfred G. Film cleaning system and method for photographic film
US5852845A (en) * 1993-09-10 1998-12-29 Michelson; Manfred G. Device for extracting water from photographic film
US6266836B1 (en) * 1996-10-04 2001-07-31 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas Process and device for continuous ultrasonic washing of textile
US5800679A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-09-01 Valmet Corporation Device in a paper machine or in a finishing device of a paper machine for removing dust
US6148831A (en) * 1996-10-25 2000-11-21 Valmet Corporation Method for cleaning a web
EP0969131A1 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Stork Brabant B.V. Device and method for treating textiles
US6886371B2 (en) * 1999-04-28 2005-05-03 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Washer having a partial washing apparatus, and washing apparatus
US20020134117A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2002-09-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Washer having a partial washing apparatus, and washing apparatus
US7313932B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2008-01-01 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Washing machine
US20050072194A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2005-04-07 Hideyuki Ryohke Washing machine
US20070136957A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2007-06-21 Star Cluster Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic washing method for clothes
US7497099B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2009-03-03 Star Cluster Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic washing method for clothes
US8235579B2 (en) * 2004-05-24 2012-08-07 Dr. Hielscher Gmbh Device for introducing ultrasound into a flowable medium
US20080192568A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2008-08-14 Dr. Hielscher Gmbh Method and Device For Introducing Ultrasound Into a Flowable Medium
US7740666B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
WO2017025867A1 (en) * 2015-08-08 2017-02-16 VYAS, Himalibahen K. Apparatus for textile processing and method of manufacturing
WO2021022133A3 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-03-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods to clean a continuous substrate
US11534804B2 (en) 2019-07-31 2022-12-27 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods to clean a continuous substrate
US11919053B2 (en) 2019-07-31 2024-03-05 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Systems and methods to clean a continuous substrate
CN119035149A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2024-11-29 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 用于清洁连续基材的系统和方法

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JPS5614795B1 (2) 1981-04-06
DE2134966A1 (de) 1972-01-20
GB1356162A (en) 1974-06-12
CA974789A (en) 1975-09-23

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