US3694209A - Process for the development of exposed photographic material containing silver halide - Google Patents

Process for the development of exposed photographic material containing silver halide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694209A
US3694209A US17967A US3694209DA US3694209A US 3694209 A US3694209 A US 3694209A US 17967 A US17967 A US 17967A US 3694209D A US3694209D A US 3694209DA US 3694209 A US3694209 A US 3694209A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
solution
silver halide
seconds
photographic material
alkali metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US17967A
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English (en)
Inventor
Georg Schwienbacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novartis AG
Original Assignee
Ciba Geigy AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ciba Geigy AG filed Critical Ciba Geigy AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3694209A publication Critical patent/US3694209A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/164—Rapid access processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/167—X-ray

Definitions

  • the process consists in first treating the material with a strong alkali metal hydroxide solution and then with the developer solution and afterwards carrying out the processing steps required for finishing the photograph.
  • the developing bath may be followed by a second alkaline bath. This process makes it possible to obtain stable immediately visible picture shortly, e.g. 14 seconds, after exposure.
  • the present invention relates to the development of exposed photographic material containing silver halide.
  • the picture In various photographic applications there is a demand for the picture to be visible as soon as possible after it has been taken and as a rule the picture should also have good stability, that is to say it should not undergo changes in storage and certainly not fade altogether.
  • the process of the present invention meets this demand especially with regard to X-ray films, irrespective of whether they are used in medicine or in technology.
  • X-ray films which in most cases are coated on both sides with layers having a high content of silver halide, the production of immediately visible images having a good stability involves considerable difiiculties.
  • the present invention is based on the observation that exposed photographic material containing silver halide can be developed very rapidly to stable images by (I) treating the material for at least /2 second at a temperature within the range of from to 80 C. wiah an aqueous solution containing per litre from to 250 g. of an alkali metal hydroxide and then (2) treating the so-treated material for at least 0.1 second with an aqueous solution containing per litre from 20 to 50 g. of developer substance, which latter solution has a temperature within the range of from 40 to 80 C. and a pH value from 3 to 10, after which the usual additional processing operations are carried out.
  • the present process can be applied to any desired material which contains silver halide and is advantageously free from developed substances. It is preferably used for the production of black-and-white pictures, though with the requisite further steps of processing it is also possible to obtain colour pictures. As mentioned above, the present process is specially suitable for X-ray films on which it is in general difiicult to obtain stable immediately visible pictures that satisfy insofar as contrast, gradation and fine grain are concerned.
  • the exposed photographic material is first treated in the manner described above with an aqueous solution which, owing to its content of an alkali metal hydroxide, has a pH value of greater than 10.
  • the temperature may be freely chosen; as a rule it requires no further adjustment so that it is in most cases possible to work at room temperature since all that is needed in this connection is to impart a high pH value to the photographio material and to ensure that as yet no chemical reactions take place.
  • the minimum treatment period of /2 second can be lengthened without adversely affecting the result, but as a rule there is no occasion to extend the treatment time beyond 2 seconds.
  • the material is treated with the developer substance for which purpose any desired developer may be used, for example, pyrocatechol, para-methylaminophenol sulphate, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or preferably hydroquinone.
  • the developer substance may consist predominantly of hydroquinone to which a small proportion of l-pheuyl-3-pyrazolidone or para-methylaminophenol sulphate has been added.
  • strong contrasts are obtained with hydroquinone, while para-methylaminophenol sulphate and 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone give low contrasts.
  • the total content of developer substance in the solution is from 25 to 60 g. litre and the pH value ranges from 3 to 10.
  • the solution should have a temperature ranging from a minimum of 40 C. to a maximum of C. A temperature within the range from 60 to 70 C. has proved specially suitable.
  • a very short time of residence ranging from 0.1 to 2 seconds, is adequate.
  • the photographs can be finished off in the usual manner though it is as a rule very advantageous at this stage to treat the photographic material once more with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution; this solution, which also has a pH value above 10, contains 20 to 250 g. of alkali metal hydroxide per litre and has a temperature from 10 to 80 C.
  • This treatment requires only a short time of contact of 0.1 second and as a rule no advantage is gained by extending it beyond 2 seconds.
  • the material is further processed immediately after the treatment with the developer or the second treatment with alkali metal hydroxide so that the development of image silver ceases; this can be done by a method 'known per se, for example by converting the unreduced silver halide into a silver compound that is inert towards the developer substance, or by converting it into a water-soluble sil'ver compound which is then washed out.
  • a method 'known per se for example by converting the unreduced silver halide into a silver compound that is inert towards the developer substance, or by converting it into a water-soluble sil'ver compound which is then washed out.
  • thiourea sodium thioglycollate, a thiocyanate or thiosulphate.
  • the individual treatment baths may contain further substances conventionally used for the production of photographs.
  • a hardener for gelatine in the usual quantity, for example formaldehyde with at least one of the solutions mentioned above.
  • An anti-fogging agent, for gelatine in the usual quantity, for example formaldehyde with at least one of the solutions mentioned above.
  • first alkali metal hydroxide solution is advantageously incorporated with the first alkali metal hydroxide solution.
  • the individual solutions such as first alkali metal hydroxide solution and/or the developer solution, may contain sodium sulphite or metabisulphite.
  • An addition of potassium bromide to the developer solution may also be advantageous.
  • the material is washed in water, for example for 2 to 20 secconsisting essentially of per liter 20-250 g. of sodium or potassium hydroxide, having a pH value greater than 10;
  • Tempcra- Content Duration ture in Treatment step g./1itre in sees. 0. pH value
  • the material is then treated for 3 seconds with water heated at 40 C. [3.2] and finally dried for 5 seconds in a current of air heated at 70 C. [3.3]. After this treatment, taking a total of 14 seconds, a stable, very contrasty and very black picture is obtained.
  • a process for developing exposed X-ray photographic material containing silver bromide which comprises: treating the material:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US17967A 1969-03-14 1970-03-09 Process for the development of exposed photographic material containing silver halide Expired - Lifetime US3694209A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH387969A CH504700A (de) 1969-03-14 1969-03-14 Verfahren zum Entwickeln von exponiertem silberhalogenidhaltigem photographischem Material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3694209A true US3694209A (en) 1972-09-26

Family

ID=4265451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17967A Expired - Lifetime US3694209A (en) 1969-03-14 1970-03-09 Process for the development of exposed photographic material containing silver halide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3694209A (de)
BE (1) BE747301A (de)
CH (1) CH504700A (de)
DE (1) DE2010279A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2037899A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1291422A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250249A (en) * 1977-09-14 1981-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for developing residual-moisture photographs
US4925778A (en) * 1988-03-26 1990-05-15 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Process for the rapid development of color materials
US5178762A (en) * 1990-10-18 1993-01-12 The Mead Corporation Soybean peroxidase treatment of contaminated substances

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250249A (en) * 1977-09-14 1981-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for developing residual-moisture photographs
US4925778A (en) * 1988-03-26 1990-05-15 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Process for the rapid development of color materials
US5178762A (en) * 1990-10-18 1993-01-12 The Mead Corporation Soybean peroxidase treatment of contaminated substances

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH504700A (de) 1971-03-15
BE747301A (fr) 1970-09-14
FR2037899A5 (de) 1970-12-31
GB1291422A (en) 1972-10-04
DE2010279A1 (de) 1970-10-01

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