US36951A - Improvement in gages for carriage-axles - Google Patents

Description

UNITED .i STATES PATENT Grinch,

HENRY HARPER, OIF BERLIN, WISCONSIN.

INIPRVMENTYIN GAG'ES FOR v(LAT-HdlAGE-AXLES.

Speeilieation ibriuingpart of Letters Patent No. 36,951. dated Abi-einher155i552 and useful inprovement in 'the manner ofgiving the proper pitch to the axle-arms or" carriages; and I do hereby declare the 'following to be a true and exact description of my invention, which will be more i'ully understood by rel'erence to the accompanying drawings.'

It is very important that the bearing on the axlenrm should be the same at both extremities of the axleloox. In order to secure this object, the middle spoke in the lower halt'oi? the wheel should stand perpendicularly when the carriage is on level ground. ofthe axleearms is made horizontal,the "dish77 that is given to a wagon-wheel will ineke the spokes of the wheel incline outward from a perpendicular position, which would bring the bearing niore'on the point than on the shoulder of the axle-arm. 'lo ohviate this difr'liculty, the end ot' the axis of the axle-arm is inclined downward, which brings the bottoni ot' the spoke inward.

The object oi my invention is to provide 'a simple and practical method by which the end ot' this axis may be bent down wardjust enough to bring the spokes perpendicular when they point downward. 'Iiiis could more readily be donc il'gihe axleAai-in `were made of uniform size throughout; but for several reasons, some oi' which will be hereinafter alluded to, these aXle-arins are usually, it' not always, conslrneted with a considerable taper. One obt,rect ol this tapering l'orm is to secure greater strength by the use ol' the saine weightI of inaterial, as the strain is greater near the shoulder than near the point ot' t-heaxle-arni. v Another object is to bring the lower side ot' this l axle-arm as nearly horizontal as possible'. When this bearing-surlice oi the axle-arm is exactly horizontal, there will. be no tendency in the wheel to crowd either inward or outward, and it will therefore work with the least possible amount ol' friction. This position is attained 'when the dish ot' the wheel is such that the spokes stand perpendicular tothe tapering surl'ace of the axle arm, or, in other words, when the/:ingle made by the side of this tapering axle-armand its axis is equal to the outward inclination oi' the spokes ot' the wheel which forms its dish. It, is not practicable lf the anis to secure this exact relation between the dish of the wheel and the taper ot the axlearin,

`for, aside from the difficulty of establishingr it,

in the first/instance, the dish of the. wheel is generally increased every time the tire is ref set, which would preventthe continuance of this equality unless the taper ot' the axle-arm wereI changed whenever there was a change inthe dish the wheel. This exact equality is, however, rendered ot' less importance by the fact that a slight crowding either: inward or outward is not productivejof much inconvenience; and, besides, a. tendency in the wheel to 4crowd outward can readily be counteracted by incliuing thepoint of theaXle-arm slightly forward, and a tendency to crowd inward canin like manner be counteracted by bending the point ofthe axle-erin slightly back-werd.v

, I will now proceed to describe the contrivanees bywhich I secure the object of my invention. I provide what I terni a beveh `Figure l, and a scale, Fig. 2. The rests a a aremade crescentshaped or coneaveron their upper sides, so as to receive and hold the re-- spective axle-arms. The dist-ance between these rests. is equal to the intended distance between the tracks of the opposite wheels of the carriage. The points b b and cc are so arranged as to be in line with the/lowest portion ofthe respective rests, so that when these bevels are Set at the proper pitch the axle-arms may be placed thereon and readily brought to t-he sante pitch. The scales at each end of this bevel are niade to have a motion around the centers o o and between the clamps A A, and aremade fast at any given point by means of the clamp The scale, Fig. 2, has a brass rule, B, which revolves around the centeno and is held in any desired position by the clamp C and clamp-screw g. The iuimbcrs'on all these scales represent inches from the center o.

lln order to tix the bevel at the proper pitch, I lay a straight-edge across the wheel on one side ot' the hub. Ithen measure down from the point ol' this straight-edge opposite the center of the hub to find the distance of the spoke below that point. Suppose this to be two inches. This gives nie the depression or dish ot the wheel immediately outside of the hub. lf, now, the distance from the outside of the hub to the outer circumference of the wheel is twentyfour inches, I then measure downward on the scale helowey radial line .at its point. v ameters or radii will ytherefore he onehalf of seem l drawn thereon, and on the side marked in,? the distaneefof two inches upon the varc of a circle whcl'iisat the distance of twenty-four inches 'frornthe center 0and set the brass rule at that point, securing it with the clamp. v This gives me the angle of the dish ofthe Wheel.' Y

an inch. .OnthescalqFigt 2, and along the arc which isat eight inches from the center o,

.lay oi ouehalf vinch 'from'the'point where thevbrass rule crosses that arc. This'will lackronefl sixth of ad Aineh'of reaching the radial line from which the measurement commenced/fand which is coincident-With the upper'edge of the brass xii-ile, yas shown in the drawing'Fig.

2. Onlthe "scaley attached to one end of the` bevel, Figi., andalong the'jarcwhichis at,u eight inches Tfrom' the center 9,1 now vlayed one-sixth of an inch below 'the iine,`. vvhic'h gives -a horizontal position to the under-side of the axle-arm, and which is coincident with the upper edge'iof the clamp A,as shown on the left-hand'end of the gure in the drawing. I no'rder to do this, vthat scale must have. been first lpinclancp'edA and` raised upward" i arouudthe centero the requisite distance and 'then reclamped,so as to bring the upper-edge of' the clamp A exactly upon the point thus.

marked olf. This gives the proper pitch'to one end of the axle, and the other may be fixed in asimilarinanner.

instead of measuring by inches and fractions of inches,as above shown,a better method Vwill be,by means of a pair of common divid ers,to measure o the actual distances repre e senting the dish of the wheel and the difference of the radii of the two ends of the axlearni along the 'respect-ive arcs of circles, and then to fix the, bevel accordingly, upon the sam Yprinciple'as is above set forth. f

As the dish of one wheel may very possibly be different from that of the other, the two' 'jends of the bevel may show different degreesof pitch for the respective axlearms. `Having thus described my invention and the inode of its operation, what I claim as new, and

desire -to sec/ure by Letters Patent, is"

1. The method herein described of 'giving the proper pitch to carriage-Wheels byfineans of the bevel, Fig. l, and thescale,r Fig.-2, sub-A 4stantially as set forth. l u 2. The'use of thehevel constructed as set forth, forthekr purpose of giving they proper pitch to carrigefwheels, substantially in the manner above set forth. v

' -3. Scale, Figff, when used' inthe manner above setforth, for the purpose ofgiving the proper pitchtoa carriagewheel.

HEENRYQHARPER.

Witnessesz.; Y

'- .f-TiioMAsLEhnLoN; Gr.y DE WITTELWOQD. 1

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