US3703630A - Arrangement for planning and monitoring a production process - Google Patents

Arrangement for planning and monitoring a production process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703630A
US3703630A US72331A US3703630DA US3703630A US 3703630 A US3703630 A US 3703630A US 72331 A US72331 A US 72331A US 3703630D A US3703630D A US 3703630DA US 3703630 A US3703630 A US 3703630A
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strips
production
field
signal
strip
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US72331A
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Franz Gelder
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G07C3/08—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time
    • G07C3/12—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time in graphical form

Definitions

  • PRODUCTION 1 UNIT 2 i PRODUCTION PROGRA PLANNING Product COST PLANNING PRODUCTIONCAPACITY PROFITANALYSIS PLANNING j llrJlh 39 l h ⁇ 1Sh
  • Production data are reproduced or displayed by several known methods in use at the present time.
  • One method consists in cutting paper strips corresponding to the magnitudes of the data to be represented and to attach them to an indicator board.
  • Another method uses magnetic rings which are attached to a metal sheet board.
  • the representation of a magnitude by a strip of corresponding length may also be obtained with the aid of strips wound onto drums and which are'pulled out to the required length into guide rails provided on an indicator board.
  • none of these methods is suitable for cooperation with computers, which are extensively used nowadays for production planning, cost calculation and the like.
  • the use of paper strips cut to different lengths is time-consuming and complicated, and in addition, all the methods referred to are liable to errors resulting from the manual steps contained therein.
  • a computer may be programmed to obtain any desired functions of input data supplied thereto.
  • the program fed to the computer may include a mathematic model for optimizing the production process involving various production data, such as product types and quantities, marginal cost of each product, data describing production facilities and so on.
  • an indicator board divided into a pair of fields, one field having therein product symbols designating products to be obtained and corresponding to each symbol a group of light-emissive signal strips, for instance, differently colored strips, such as electroluminescent strips, adapted to be activated for emitting light over variable lengths thereof.
  • One of the strips of the group is adapted for indicating the quantity of the corresponding product multiplied by its marginal cost including the fixed cost and a pair of further strips are adapted for indicating the nominal or desired and the actual marginal cost.
  • the other field has therein production unit symbols designating different production units and for each such symbol at least one strip for indicating the planned degree of utilization thereof in which has been fed with a program for solving said mathematical model for optimizing the production process obtained by so-called linear programming including the available data characterizing the production plant and equipment and other facilities and economical conditions for deriving output signals indicative of the operation of a production unit, e.g.,
  • the strips are controlled by a computer representing quantities of products, utilization of production facilities, etc. These output signals are derived in the computer from the input data supplied thereto by the solving of a system of equations in accordance with the program.
  • a switching means may be interposed between the computer and the strips.
  • the luminescent strips may be of different types and be arranged for comparison with exchangeable scales. Means may be provided for indicating a grouping together of pluralities of luminous strips.
  • the computer can be integrated with the arrangement but may also be provided at an entirely different location of a production plant or even at appreciable distance therefrom and connected therewith via a data transmission system.
  • FIG. I shows an indicator board representing an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of a modified form of the board.
  • the indicator board shown in FIG. 1 is subdivided into a pair of fields I and 2.
  • symbols 6 designating different products and corresponding to each product symbol a group of three light-emissive strips, such as luminescent strips 3a, 3b, 3c having an area of emission which is controllable by means of input signals applied to the strips, the extent or length of the portion of the strip which emits light being, for example, proportional to the intensity of an applied input voltage.
  • the lowermost strip 3c which is adapted to indicate the value of product quantity multiplied by the marginal cost including the fixed costs is of greater width and/or differently colored from the other two 3a, 3b, which indicate for the corresponding product the nominal or desired value and the actualvalue of the marginal cost, preferably in per cent of the price quotations.
  • the field is provided with graduation lines 13 to make possible easy evaluation of the representation with the aid of a scale 8.
  • a plurality of scales are provided, from which a suitable one is selected corresponding to the product in question. Often it is required to group together several products or their corresponding represented values and to this purpose a ruler 7 or an auxiliary light-emissive strip 12 may be provided.
  • the right-hand field has provided therein symbols 5 designating production units, such as production plant locations, shops, offices, or the like, as well as lightemissive strips such as 4a, 4b, and 4c coordinated therewith.
  • production units such as production plant locations, shops, offices, or the like
  • lightemissive strips such as 4a, 4b, and 4c coordinated therewith.
  • These light-emissive strips indicate the degree of utilization of the production facilities of the enterprise, for instance, of machines or manually operating units, preferably in per cent.
  • a further ruler 9 may be provided, which can be adjusted in a position corresponding to a certain percentage, or a number of luminescent strips may be provided in spaced arrangement, one or more of which can be energized to designate desired percentage values.
  • the luminescent strips may be of the electroluminescent type referred to in the magazine Kliwelt 19 (1967), No. 9, page 638, published by Krausskopf-Flugwelt- Verlag Gmbl-l, Mainz, Germany, or in the magazine Heilmanntechnik-Raumfahrttechnik, Vol. 1 3 (1967), No. 11, pp. 276-279, published by VDI Verlag, Duesseldorf, Germany.
  • the control unit 10 may be of any known type suitable for adapting the output signals of the computer to the kind of input signal required by the luminescent strips, and has therefore been indicated only schematically in block form.
  • the digital output from the computer may be converted by the control unit into analog form.
  • the computer may feed address information along with an output signal indicating to which strip the signal in question should be supplied and causing the control unit to establish connection with the corresponding strip.
  • All types of production data referred to above, as well as a computer program which has been composed in accordance with the known rules of production planning and/or a mathematical model for optimum planning, may be supplied to a computer 11 in which they are processed to derive output signals.
  • the enterprise produces 11 products X,, X X,, with the aid of m production facilities V V V,,,.
  • production facilities is to be taken in its broadest sense and includes machines, personnel, raw materials, intermediate products, electric energy, storage space, transport vehicle, etc.
  • the price includes different values of the components which together constitute the price quotation: variable cost, fixed cost and profit. The first two together form the prime cost and the last two the marginal cost.
  • Variable cost includes, for example, the cost of electric energy, raw materials, proportionate wages, etc.
  • Fixed cost which includes, for example, depreciation of equipment, rents, insurances, fixed wages, etc., remains unchanged regardless of whether equipment or labor is used productively or not.
  • the marginal cost value supplied to the computer is, on the one hand, the so-called planned marginal cost obtained from the planned cost accounting or from a roughly estimated production program and, on the other hand, the actual marginal cost which is obtained as the difference between the effective net product sales and the product-variable costs. This is done since the quotation prices of the product arrived at by the cost accounting (with the product costs calculated by the cost accounting) usually do not correspond to the established actual product market prices which may differ also because of competitive grounds.
  • the product line formed of a number of different products is not permanent but, because of numerous influencing factors may be, and rationally should be, varied, it is advantageous-as contemplated by the inventionto indicate the actual marginal cost per product as well as its planned marginal cost not only as a mathematical but also as an optical (i.e., visual) magnitude. If the actual marginal costs are shown visually to be larger than the planned marginal cost of the products, an immediate overall visual survey meaningfully indicates not only the particularly profitable products, but also those products which, as a general rule, may be sold cheaper by the difference between the actual marginal cost and the planned marginal cost or those which, with their already wellestablished prices, particularly contribute to the profit buildup of the enterprise and therefore their productionand sale should be encouraged.
  • the computer based on the optimum model, calculates the quantities of the individual products, then, since the manufacturing steps of the individual products and the production factors necessary therefor are fixed, the utilization of the production capacity is determined. The speed of calculation and also a rapid visual indication of the results is of great importance since it is then possible to obtain various simulated programs which are close to reality. In practice, the determination of the production program is never left solely to the computer, not even if it works with mathematical optimum models.
  • the computer calculates optimal values of the quantities of different products, it may be programmed to derive therefrom the degree of utilization of the corresponding production facilities. This makes it possible to ascertain if adjustments of the running program should be made, e.g., it may turn out that one production unit can do the job originally envisaged for two units.
  • a visual inspection of the board may indicate that a correction should be made in the data or the program supplied to the computer, and the result of such an alteration will then be immediately visible.
  • the solution of a model of this type of problem can be found preferably by means of the aforenoted Hungarian Method, described in the cited reference.
  • the result is a set of output values from the computer that may be represented on the indicator board of the present invention.
  • production process is, therefore, to be taken in its broadest sense to include the production not only of material products but of any kind of effort or work, such as transportation work.
  • a system for planning and monitoring a production process comprising an indicator board having a first and a second field, each of said fields including light-emissive signal strips having an area of emission of controllable extent responsive to input signals, programmed computer means adapted to derive output signals in response to production data and a computer program composed in accordance with a production plan, a control unit connected to receive said output signals and to derive said input signals for controlling the various strips, a plurality of product symbols in said first field designating predetermined products of said process, said strips in said first field including a group of strips corresponding to each of said symbols, first means connected to said control unit for applying to a first strip of said group an input signal representing the quantity of the corresponding product multiplied by the marginal cost thereof and to a second and a third strip of said group input signals representing the nominal and the real marginal costs, respectively, of said corresponding product, a plurality of production unit symbols in said second field, a signal strip in said second field corresponding to each of said production unit symbols, and second means connected to said control unit for
  • a system according to claim 2, comprising an exchangeable scale and means for attaching said scale to said board in coordination with said graduation.
  • a system according to claim 4 comprising a linear identifying means extending parallel to said signal strips and adjustable perpendicularly thereto.
  • a system according to claim 4 comprising an auxiliary signal strip extending perpendicularly to the signal strips of said first field for identifying selected ones thereof.
  • auxiliary signal strip is a signal strip having an area of emission of controllable extent.
  • a system according to claim 1 for a plant comprising a plurality of shifts, in which the strips of said second field are combined to form groups having a plurality of strips corresponding to said shifts.
  • a system according to claim 1 comprising a linearly extending identifying means in said second field extending perpendicularly to said strips and adjustable parallel thereto.
  • a system according to claim 1 comprising means for digitally indicating the value of at least one of the digitally displayed signals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • General Factory Administration (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
US72331A 1969-09-15 1970-09-15 Arrangement for planning and monitoring a production process Expired - Lifetime US3703630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT873269A AT286003B (de) 1969-09-15 1969-09-15 Einrichtung zur optimalen Produktionsplanung und Überwachung von Unternehmungen

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US3703630A true US3703630A (en) 1972-11-21

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US (1) US3703630A (de)
AT (1) AT286003B (de)
BE (1) BE756047A (de)
CA (1) CA920251A (de)
CH (1) CH521653A (de)
DE (2) DE2032904A1 (de)
ES (1) ES383636A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2062171A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1330303A (de)
IE (1) IE34527B1 (de)
LU (1) LU61604A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7013531A (de)
NO (1) NO126597B (de)
SE (1) SE358496B (de)
ZA (1) ZA706299B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4229698A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-21 Scharfe Jr James A Tuning indicator
US4485299A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-11-27 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Work slip reading and summing device
US4847791A (en) * 1982-08-16 1989-07-11 Martin Joseph H Timekeeping system
US5016170A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-14 Pollalis Spiro N Task management
US5063506A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-11-05 International Business Machines Corp. Cost optimization system for supplying parts
US5440681A (en) * 1990-07-20 1995-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for display and interactive modification of the tasks in a production plan
US6370509B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-04-09 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. Three-dimensional production schedule display for computer-implemented production management system
US6462736B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2002-10-08 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. System and method providing a three-Dimensional display of values relative to comparison values
US20060190113A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-08-24 Florence Boutemy Novel network production planning method
US20090326896A1 (en) * 2008-06-25 2009-12-31 Gugaliya Jinendra K Computer evaluation of crop related industries

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5011148A (de) * 1973-05-28 1975-02-05
SE8103661L (sv) * 1981-06-11 1982-12-12 Metod Konsult Beleggningsdator

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3149281A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-09-15 Int Standard Electric Corp Electroluminescent voltage measuring device
US3205403A (en) * 1957-02-04 1965-09-07 Xerox Corp Electroluminescent display systems
US3327163A (en) * 1965-11-02 1967-06-20 Gen Telephone & Elect Electroluminescent bar graph indicator
US3328790A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-06-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Display devices
US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3376452A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-02 Mid Continent Mfg Co Circular electroluminescent display device
US3469252A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-09-23 North American Rockwell Integrated bar graph display having interrupt control
US3531795A (en) * 1967-09-20 1970-09-29 Sanders Associates Inc Bar-type display

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205403A (en) * 1957-02-04 1965-09-07 Xerox Corp Electroluminescent display systems
US3149281A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-09-15 Int Standard Electric Corp Electroluminescent voltage measuring device
US3328790A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-06-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Display devices
US3376452A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-02 Mid Continent Mfg Co Circular electroluminescent display device
US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3327163A (en) * 1965-11-02 1967-06-20 Gen Telephone & Elect Electroluminescent bar graph indicator
US3469252A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-09-23 North American Rockwell Integrated bar graph display having interrupt control
US3531795A (en) * 1967-09-20 1970-09-29 Sanders Associates Inc Bar-type display

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4229698A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-21 Scharfe Jr James A Tuning indicator
US4485299A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-11-27 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Work slip reading and summing device
US4847791A (en) * 1982-08-16 1989-07-11 Martin Joseph H Timekeeping system
US5016170A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-14 Pollalis Spiro N Task management
US5063506A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-11-05 International Business Machines Corp. Cost optimization system for supplying parts
US5440681A (en) * 1990-07-20 1995-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for display and interactive modification of the tasks in a production plan
US6370509B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-04-09 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. Three-dimensional production schedule display for computer-implemented production management system
US6462736B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2002-10-08 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. System and method providing a three-Dimensional display of values relative to comparison values
US20060190113A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-08-24 Florence Boutemy Novel network production planning method
US7873429B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2011-01-18 L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Clause Network production planning method
US20090326896A1 (en) * 2008-06-25 2009-12-31 Gugaliya Jinendra K Computer evaluation of crop related industries
US8055562B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2011-11-08 Honeywell International Inc. Computer evaluation of crop related industries

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA706299B (en) 1971-09-29
CH521653A (de) 1972-04-15
FR2062171A5 (de) 1971-06-25
SE358496B (de) 1973-07-30
NO126597B (de) 1973-02-26
IE34527L (en) 1971-03-15
NL7013531A (de) 1971-03-17
LU61604A1 (de) 1970-11-10
DE7025363U (de) 1970-11-12
DE2032904A1 (de) 1971-04-15
IE34527B1 (en) 1975-06-11
BE756047A (fr) 1971-02-15
CA920251A (en) 1973-01-30
AT286003B (de) 1970-11-25
ES383636A1 (es) 1973-09-16
GB1330303A (en) 1973-09-19

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