US3707136A - Apparatus for plating heat-resistant articles - Google Patents
Apparatus for plating heat-resistant articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3707136A US3707136A US94352A US3707136DA US3707136A US 3707136 A US3707136 A US 3707136A US 94352 A US94352 A US 94352A US 3707136D A US3707136D A US 3707136DA US 3707136 A US3707136 A US 3707136A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- substrates
- plating
- reaction chamber
- articles
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- -1 alkyl aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for plating of heat-resistant articles and more particularly to apparatus for plating a metal on the surface of a heat-resistant article by passing the article while hot into contact with an atomized spray of the plating solution which contains a compound of such metal.
- the present invention provides an apparatus for plating a heat-resistant substrate by the contact thereof with a plating solution in the form of a mist.
- the apparatus is particularly useful in aluminum plating metallic objects such as nuts, bolts, metal fasteners, etc. by contacting the substrates while hot with a plating solution in the form of a mist containing an alkyl aluminum compound.
- the apparatus of the present invention comprises a hollow reaction chamber having means for introducing substrates to be plated in the upper portion thereof; heating means positioned along the walls of the reaction chamber; a plurality of spray nozzles dispersed throughout the walls of and facing into the chambers; a plating solution container communicating with the spray nozzles for the transfer of the plating solution to the reaction chamber; and means for tumbling the substrates to be plated while gravitating through the reaction chamber and a means for recovering the plated substrates.
- the reaction chamber should at least be longer than it is wide and preferably at least twice as long as it is wide for the plating of articles of irregular shape having dimensions of from about 0.16 inch to about 1.0 inch.
- the apparatus in the reaction chamber a plurality of vertically spaced aligned wire trays each of which has a downward directed slope.
- Induction heating coils are positioned along the walls of the reaction chamber so that the substrates to be plated falling therethrough are heated to the requisite temperatures to achieve quality plating.
- Means is provided for feeding plating solution to the spray nozzles so as to coact therewith to produce a mist of plating solution in the reaction chamber.
- means is provided for feeding various articles to be plated into the upper portion of the reaction chamber so that upon moving through the reaction chamber and among the wire trays the substrates are contacted with the mist of plating solution and are plated thereby and collected in the bottom of the reaction chamber by means provided therefor.
- a collection bin at the bottom of the chamber as shown in the FIGURE can be employed in the present apparatus; for example, a collection bin at the bottom of the chamber as shown in the FIGURE, and as an alternative thereto, the plated articles can be directed to a kerosene rinse bin through an opening near the bottom of the chamber for temporary storage and further a container at the bottom of the chamber could then be utilized to receive excess plating solution which can be recycled for use in the plating of falling articles.
- the use of the kerosene rinse'bin for the collection of the plated articles enables the articles to be continuously removed from the apparatus without disturbing the operation thereof to achieve a continuously operating process in said apparatus.
- a vibrating means attached to the means for tumbling the articles through the chamber.
- the vibrating of the tumbling means would provide adequate means for preventing the clogging of the apparatus by the falling articles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved apparatus for plating various substrates.
- a more specific ,object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for continuously plating a hot substrate by contacting it with a plating solution in the form of a mist.
- An additional object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for continuously aluminum plating a metallic substrate.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus for enhancing the rate at which a high quality aluminum coating can be formed on a metallic substrate.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus for the plating of various articles having irregular geometric configurations.
- FIGURE of the drawing is a view partially in elevation and partially in section of one embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
- the apparatus of the invention includes a hollow vertical reaction chamber 10. Dispersed throughout the reaction chamber 10 are a plurality of vertically spaced aligned wire trays 16, each of which is so positioned to have a downward slope so that articles to be plated introduced through feeder means 20 are tumbled through the reaction chamber 10.
- a supply 22 of plating solution is connected to conduits 30 for the transfer of plating solution to a plurality of spray nozzles 12 which are spaced vertically and aligned in the walls of reaction chamber 10 to provide a mist of plating solution throughout the entire length of the reaction chamber 10.
- a collection bin 18 for the receipt of articles 28 upon being plated.
- an induction heating coil Positioned along the walls of reaction chamber there is an induction heating coil generally designated as 14.
- a disengaging plate 26 Positioned along the walls of reaction chamber there is an induction heating coil generally designated as 14.
- a disengaging plate 26 In the upper portion of reaction chamber 10 there can be provided a disengaging plate 26 so positioned to prevent the exit of plating solution along with inert gases 36 as they pass through outlet 24 for flaring.
- heating means designated as 32 and 34 should be provided to heat the articles to be plated and the plating solution respectively.
- Articles 28 which are to be plated withthe illustrated apparatus upon heating by means 32 are introduced into reaction chamber 10 through feeder means 20.
- articles 28 fall among wire trays 1.6 which cause articles 28 to tumble, thereby exposing the surfaces of articles 28 to the mist of plating solution being sprayed into reaction chamber 10 through spray nozzles 12 which are being supplied with plating solution from container 22 after passing through heating means 34.
- reaction chamber 10 is being kept at the requisite plating temperature by heating coils 14. After being plated during their fall through reaction chamber 10 articles 28 are collected in collection bin 18.
- the collection bin can be kept at temperatures above that in reaction chamberlO or a stream of an inert gas can be introduced at the bottom of reaction chamber 10 in the operation.
- the apparatus of the present invention is so designed to utilize nearly all the heat stored in the article to decompose the aluminum alkyl compound in contact with its surface with minimum heat loss to the environment. Therefore, the temperature of the article to be plated can provide a means of controlling the thickness of the film deposited on its surface.
- the plating temperature should not exceed about 500C.
- the apparatus depicted in the drawing is preferably provided with suitable environment or ancillary equipment for blanketing the alkyl aluminum mist in reaction chamber 10 with an inert atmosphere. Therefore, along with their use as a propellant, inert gases can be used in order to provide a safe operation.
- the inert gases as propellants serve a mechanical function of aiding in the atomization of the plating solution, such function can also be performed by other mechanical means.
- Articles 28 introduced into reaction chamber 10 by feeder 20 are allowed to decend through reaction chamber 10 among wire trays 16 which provide a measure of control of articles 28 residence time in the chamber and to effect tumbling of the articles in order to insure complete and uniform exposure of the entire surface of the article being plated to the mist of heated plating solution being introduced into reaction chamber 10 at a temperature of about 300F. to about 350F. through spray nozzles 12 which receive said plating solution through conduits 30 from solution container 22.
- the plating solution is heated by means 34 provided therefor prior to its transfer through conduits 30 to spray nozzles 12.
- Articles 28 upon being plated in their descent through reaction chamber are received and collected in means 18 provided therefor.
- nitrogen and hydrogen as propellant gases
- other gases which are inert to the process may be utilized or substituted for the indicated gases.
- nitrogen, helium, argon or similar inert gases are satisfactory for the process.
- An outlet means 24 is indicated in the illustration for the flaring of such propellant gases.
- Disengaging plate 26 as indicated in the upper portion of reaction chamber 10 is provided for the prevention of plating mist from passing out of outlet 24 along with the propellant gases.
- Various methods can be used for this purpose and with modifications thereof.
- the present invention provides means for the practice of liquid phase deposition which yields superior plating as compared to prior techniques of vapor phase deposition with the elimination of many problems encountered by the dipping or immersion technique of liquid phase deposition. Control of the variables effecting quality and thickness of film can be accomplished easily and accurately with the present invention.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous in the plating of articles of irregular geometric configurations having dimensions of between about 0.16 inch to about 1.0 inch with uniform and control thickness ranging between 0.03-5 mils or thicker in a single pass or exposure to the plating solution.
- this invention has been disclosed and described in relation to aluminum films, it can also be applied to other metals as well as other heat-resistant substrates. Further, the present invention is applicable to gas phase deposition as well as liquid phase deposition as disclosed and described herein.
- Apparatus for plating heat-resistant substrates with an atomized plating solution comprising:
- a hollow reaction chamber having a means for introducing said substrates in the upper portion thereof;
- heating means positioned along the walls of said chamber
- a plating solution container communicating with said spray nozzles for the transfer of said plating solution into said reaction chamber; a means for tumbling said substrates while gravitating through said reaction chamber for plating thereof;
- Apparatus for plating substrates as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for tumbling said substrates comprises:
- heating means comprises:
- an induction heating coil positioned to surround said reaction chamber.
- a collection bin positioned at the lower portion of said reaction chamber to collect the plated substrates.
- Apparatus for plating substrates as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for introducing said substrates comprises:
- a feeder bin having a means for heating.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9435270A | 1970-12-02 | 1970-12-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3707136A true US3707136A (en) | 1972-12-26 |
Family
ID=22244655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US94352A Expired - Lifetime US3707136A (en) | 1970-12-02 | 1970-12-02 | Apparatus for plating heat-resistant articles |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3707136A (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE787802Q (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE2159673A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2117076A5 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1306768A (fr) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976030A (en) * | 1975-10-06 | 1976-08-24 | Ragsdale Philip W | Portable pressure spray liquid seed treater |
| US4704298A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-11-03 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Coating spherical objects |
| US4751098A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-06-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Reoxidation of partially oxidizable powders |
| US4921674A (en) * | 1988-09-06 | 1990-05-01 | Enos Quentin M | Gravity feed apparatus and method for fumigation, detoxification and nutrification of plant seed |
| US6361604B2 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2002-03-26 | Chemical Lime Company | Apparatus for adding oil or other liquids to a dry bulk powder |
| US6551402B1 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2003-04-22 | Usc, L.L.C. | Rotary atomizer |
| US20050064211A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-03-24 | Deavenport Dennis Leon | Metallization of substrate(s) by a liquid/vapor deposition process |
| US20150132484A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-14 | Nous, Llc | System for coating granular materials |
| US9780356B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2017-10-03 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Lithiated transition metal oxides |
| CN109737747A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-10 | 张翔 | 一种带预热回收功能的高韧性煤矸石砖烧结设备 |
| US11492719B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2022-11-08 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Electroplating transition metal oxides |
| RU2819240C1 (ru) * | 2023-07-13 | 2024-05-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Арктический государственный агротехнологический университет" | Устройство для предпосевной обработки семян |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1473165A (en) * | 1922-12-04 | 1923-11-06 | Steigmeyer Frederick | Seed-conditioning apparatus |
| US2197792A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1940-04-23 | John A Erickson | Coal spraying chute |
| US2398517A (en) * | 1941-11-04 | 1946-04-16 | Wilbur W Castor | Apparatus for plating finely divided material |
| US2563475A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | Apparatus fob treating granular | ||
| US2599978A (en) * | 1949-04-15 | 1952-06-10 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Process of plating carrier particles with a catalytic metal |
| US2717458A (en) * | 1952-12-23 | 1955-09-13 | Houdry Process Corp | Apparatus for treating granular material |
| US2768095A (en) * | 1952-05-30 | 1956-10-23 | Shell Dev | Process of coating finely divided solid material |
| US3190729A (en) * | 1960-08-04 | 1965-06-22 | Weir Water Treat Ltd | Baffled reactor tower |
| US3202537A (en) * | 1962-05-01 | 1965-08-24 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating by fluidized bed |
| US3241520A (en) * | 1964-10-19 | 1966-03-22 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Particle coating apparatus |
| US3247014A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-04-19 | Battelle Development Corp | Method of coating solid particles |
| US3475195A (en) * | 1964-12-01 | 1969-10-28 | Potasse & Engrais Chimiques | Process and apparatus for granulating paste |
-
1970
- 1970-12-02 US US94352A patent/US3707136A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-07-28 GB GB3549871A patent/GB1306768A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-03 FR FR7139352A patent/FR2117076A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-12-01 DE DE19712159673 patent/DE2159673A1/de active Pending
-
1972
- 1972-08-21 BE BE787802A patent/BE787802Q/fr active
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2563475A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | Apparatus fob treating granular | ||
| US1473165A (en) * | 1922-12-04 | 1923-11-06 | Steigmeyer Frederick | Seed-conditioning apparatus |
| US2197792A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1940-04-23 | John A Erickson | Coal spraying chute |
| US2398517A (en) * | 1941-11-04 | 1946-04-16 | Wilbur W Castor | Apparatus for plating finely divided material |
| US2599978A (en) * | 1949-04-15 | 1952-06-10 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Process of plating carrier particles with a catalytic metal |
| US2768095A (en) * | 1952-05-30 | 1956-10-23 | Shell Dev | Process of coating finely divided solid material |
| US2717458A (en) * | 1952-12-23 | 1955-09-13 | Houdry Process Corp | Apparatus for treating granular material |
| US3190729A (en) * | 1960-08-04 | 1965-06-22 | Weir Water Treat Ltd | Baffled reactor tower |
| US3202537A (en) * | 1962-05-01 | 1965-08-24 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating by fluidized bed |
| US3247014A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-04-19 | Battelle Development Corp | Method of coating solid particles |
| US3241520A (en) * | 1964-10-19 | 1966-03-22 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Particle coating apparatus |
| US3475195A (en) * | 1964-12-01 | 1969-10-28 | Potasse & Engrais Chimiques | Process and apparatus for granulating paste |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976030A (en) * | 1975-10-06 | 1976-08-24 | Ragsdale Philip W | Portable pressure spray liquid seed treater |
| US4751098A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-06-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Reoxidation of partially oxidizable powders |
| US4704298A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-11-03 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Coating spherical objects |
| US4921674A (en) * | 1988-09-06 | 1990-05-01 | Enos Quentin M | Gravity feed apparatus and method for fumigation, detoxification and nutrification of plant seed |
| US6361604B2 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2002-03-26 | Chemical Lime Company | Apparatus for adding oil or other liquids to a dry bulk powder |
| US6551402B1 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2003-04-22 | Usc, L.L.C. | Rotary atomizer |
| US20050064211A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-03-24 | Deavenport Dennis Leon | Metallization of substrate(s) by a liquid/vapor deposition process |
| US7387815B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2008-06-17 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Metallization of substrate(s) by a liquid/vapor deposition process |
| US20150132484A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-14 | Nous, Llc | System for coating granular materials |
| US10201820B2 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | Nous, Llc | System for coating granular materials |
| US11103884B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2021-08-31 | Nous, Llc | System for coating granular materials |
| US9780356B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2017-10-03 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Lithiated transition metal oxides |
| US11394018B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2022-07-19 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Lithiated transition metal oxides |
| US11492719B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2022-11-08 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Electroplating transition metal oxides |
| US11859304B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2024-01-02 | Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. | Electroplating transition metal oxides |
| CN109737747A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-10 | 张翔 | 一种带预热回收功能的高韧性煤矸石砖烧结设备 |
| RU2819240C1 (ru) * | 2023-07-13 | 2024-05-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Арктический государственный агротехнологический университет" | Устройство для предпосевной обработки семян |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2117076A5 (fr) | 1972-07-21 |
| DE2159673A1 (de) | 1972-06-08 |
| GB1306768A (en) | 1973-02-14 |
| BE787802Q (fr) | 1972-12-18 |
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